1. Is wedding Cake Model Of Criminal Justice
A model of the criminal justice process whereby a four-tiered hierarchy exists, with a few celebrated cases at the top, and lower tiers increasing in size as the seriousness of cases declines and informal processes (use of discretion) become more likely to occur
?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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2. _____ is known as a crime control strategy whereby an offender who commits three or more violent offenses will be sentenced to a lengthy term in prison, usually 25 years to life.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Three-Strikes Law
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3. _____ is defined as a penalty or punishment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sanction
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4. _____ is the bringing of charges against an individual, based on probable cause, so as to bring the matter before a court.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prosecution
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5. Is parole early release from prison, with conditions attached and under supervision of a parole agency?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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6. _____ is known as circumstances that would tend to lessen the severity of the sentence, such as one’s youthfulness, mental instability, not having a prior criminal record, and so on.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mitigating Circumstances
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7. _____ is defined as a scheme whereby one is sentenced for a flexible time period (e.g., 5–10 years) so as to be released when rehabilitated or when the opportunity for rehabilitation is presented.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Indeterminate Sentence
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8. _____ is a set of rules or values that spell out appropriate human conduct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ethics
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9. Is due Process Model a model by Packer that advocates defendants’ presumption of innocence, protection of suspects’ rights, and limitations placed on police powers to avoid convicting innocent persons?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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10. _____ is known as authority to make decisions in enforcing the law based on one’s observations and judgment (“spirit of the law”) rather than the letter of the law.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Discretion
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11. _____ is defined as a specific, fixed-period sentence ordered by a court.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Determinate Sentence
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12. _____ is the movement of defendants and cases through the criminal justice process, beginning with the commission of a crime, and including stages that involve actions of criminal justice actors working within police, courts, and correctional agencies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criminal Justice Flow And Process
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13. Is crime Control Model a model by Packer that emphasizes law and order and argues that every effort must be made to suppress crime and to try, convict, and incarcerate offenders?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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14. _____ is known as the legal finding, by a jury or judge, or through a guilty plea, that a criminal defendant is guilty.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conviction
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15. _____ is defined as explains how a society creates laws as a result of common interests and values, which develop largely because people experience similar socialization.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consensus Theory Of Justice
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16. _____ is explains how powerful groups create laws to protect their values and interests in diverse societies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conflict Theory Of Justice
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17. Is arrest the taking into custody or detaining of one who is suspected of committing a crime?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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18. _____ is known as elements of a crime that enhance its seriousness, such as the infliction of torture, killing of a police or corrections officer, and so on.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Aggravating Circumstances
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19. _____ is defined as the legal resolution of a dispute—for example, when one is declared guilty or not guilty—by a judge or jury.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adjudication
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20. _____ is a court or jury’s judgment or verdict of not guilty of the offenses charged.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Acquittal
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21. Which criminal justice professional may exercise their discretion by denying bail?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Judge
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22. Which type of plea has an offender entered when he or she accepts the punishment without accepting responsibility for the crime?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nolo contendere
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23. Which of the following describes the main difference between the consensus theory of justice and the conflict theory of justice?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The consensus theory assumes that order is maintained through agreement, whereas the conflict theory assumes that order is maintained because powerful groups dominate weaker groups.
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24. The USA PATRIOT Act was passed in the weeks following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Section 213 of the law legalized “Sneak and Peek” search warrants, which allowed law enforcement officers to search an individual’s home or business without alerting them first. The rationale was that authorities needed to expand their discretion in order to protect America from terrorism. To which criminal justice model would this approach to counterterrorism belong?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Crime control
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25. What happens at an individual’s arraignment?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The accused is informed of the charges, his/her rights, and is asked to enter a plea.
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26. What happens at the appellate process?
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Correct Answer:
The appellate court reviews the case and determines if any errors at trial adversely affected the fairness of the process and/or the defendant’s constitutional rights.
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27. An instructor explains that plagiarism is unacceptable because it is deceptive and unprincipled. Instead, they encourage students to always ensure that they give proper credit to any academic property they borrow. They are emphasizing ______ behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ethical
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28. Who articulated the belief that all people are essentially irrational and selfish but have just enough rationality to come together to form governments for the purposes of self-protection?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hobbes
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29. At which layer would one find nonviolent crimes committed by persons with limited criminal records under the wedding cake model of crime?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lesser felonies
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30. An offender who recidivates has done which of the following?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Committed a new crime
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31. What allows criminal justice professionals to balance the competing models of due process and crime control?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Discretion
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32. We expect our criminal justice professionals to have exceptional character and treat everyone with dignity and respect. What concept best exemplifies this expectation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ethics
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33. Seriousness of the charge, political influences, and defendant status and resources are all factors relating to the way a criminal case will be viewed or handled by the police, the judiciary, and the public. This is a key assumption of the ______ model of criminal justice.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Wedding cake
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34. Which model asserts that the accused should be presumed innocent and that the court’s priority is in protecting the constitutional rights of the accused?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Due process
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