1. According to the rational choice approach, the decision to commit crime is structured by ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Where the crime occurs and the characteristics of the target
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2. Is weed and Seed Program program designed to prevent crime by removing dangerous offenders from neighborhoods and providing funds to develop the community?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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3. _____ is known as the theory that subcultural factors contribute to criminal and delinquent behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Subcultural Theory
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4. _____ is defined as criminal justice policies designed to build prosocial networks.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social Support Policies
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5. _____ is the theory that a community’s or neighborhood’s level of disorganization contributes to the crime rate in that community or neighborhood.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social Disorganization Theory
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6. Is social Control Theory a theory that asserts that individuals commit crime because of weak bonds to societal institutions?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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7. _____ is known as criminal justice policies designed to build commitment to helping one another.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social Altruism Policies
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8. _____ is defined as the theory that a lack of self-control is the main factor behind deviant behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Self-Control Theory
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9. _____ is the theory that crime occurs when three things occur at the same time and in the same location: a motivated offender is present, capable guardians are absent, and vulnerable targets are present.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Routine Activities Theory
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10. Is rational Choice Theory the theory that offenders decide to commit crimes for specific purposes?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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11. _____ is known as adherents of the theory that crime is caused by factors beyond choice.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Positivist School
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12. _____ is defined as written practices or strategies guiding behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Policies
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13. _____ is the theory that juveniles tend to know right from wrong, but they engage in delinquent acts after rationalizing (or neutralizing) their behavior as appropriate in specific situations.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Neutralization Theory
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14. Is neurocriminology study of the way that the brain contributes to criminal behavior?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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15. _____ is known as the types of values that school children are expected to demonstrate and adhere to in their scholastic endeavors.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Middle-Class Measuring Rod
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16. _____ is defined as an interdisciplinary developmental theory that explains human behavior by examining how past events put individuals on certain trajectories for future behaviors.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Life Course Theory
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17. _____ is a theory that suggests that criminal behavior is learned just as other behavior is learned.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Learning Theory
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18. Is labeling Theory the theory that labeling individuals contributes to future offending and that expectations of individuals, whether positive or negative, may lead individuals to meet those expectations?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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19. _____ is known as the theory that structural factors related to strain or anomie contribute to overall crime rates in a society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Institutional Anomie Theory
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20. _____ is defined as the theory that crime is caused by the way individuals respond to frustrations they encounter.
Answer
Correct Answer:
General Strain Theory
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21. _____ is based on the classical school, the theory that offenders choose to commit crime as a result of their free will.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deterrence Theory
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22. Is conflict Theory the theory that crime is caused or influenced by the actions and decisions of those with power?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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23. _____ is known as a theory developed by Park and Burgess that divided the city into a series of concentric zones, with the assumption that crime is more likely to occur in the zones with more disorder.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Concentric Zone Theory
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24. _____ is defined as adherents of the theory that crime is the result of free choice on the part of the individuals.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Classical School
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25. _____ is the theory that minor crimes and disorder send a signal to people that a community does not care, thus inviting an unwanted element that engages in more serious crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Broken Windows Theory
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26. Is anomie Theory a theory that suggests that crime is produced by normlessness or confusion?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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27. ______ theory explains crime by suggesting that minor forms of disorder will lead to additional disorder.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Broken windows
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28. Transitions are long-term events embedded in trajectories.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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29. Different set of theories are used to explain juvenile delinquency.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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30. Criminological theories are explanations of crime and criminal justice behaviors and should be taken as fact.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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31. According to the crime prevention strategies listed in the text, homes with barking dogs are believed to have higher burglary rates.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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32. The phrase upper class measuring rod refers to the types of values that school children are expected to demonstrate and adhere to in their scholastic endeavors.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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33. Emile Durkheim’s concept of anomie or normlessness is synonymous with ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social strain theory
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34. ______ deterrence focuses on preventing the public from committing future offenses.
Answer
Correct Answer:
General
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35. According to deterrence theory, in order for punishment to be effective, it must meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT______
Answer
Correct Answer:
Shaming
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36. What theory is useful in explaining why some offenders are specialists who concentrate on specific types of offenses?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rational choice theory
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37. The classical school argued that crime was a matter of free choice.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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38. Condemning the deviant behavior without condemning the individual is known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reintegrative shaming
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39. ______ was (were) the founder(s) of the positivist school of criminology, which adhered to the principle of determinism to explain crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cesare Lombroso
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40. Research shows that severity is a stronger predictor of deterrence than certainty and swiftness.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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41. ______ theories examine the way that individual-level factors influence decisions to commit crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Macro-level
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