_____ is defined as a method of execution that involves the injection of drugs designed to stop the heart and lung functions, resulting in death.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lethal Injection
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_____ is a method of execution that uses cyanide gas to suffocate an individual.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lethal Gas
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Is electrocution a form of execution where death occurs from a high dose of electricity that is administered to the body?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a method of execution that involves breaking the neck of an offender by suspending him or her with a rope around the neck.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hanging
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_____ is defined as a form of execution involving the death of an individual by a gunshot to the heart. Death occurs as a result of rapid blood loss.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Firing Squad
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_____ is circumstances that minimize or explain the actions of the offender or the crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mitigating Factors
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Is aggravating Factors circumstances that increase the severity of the crime, such as torture, excessive violence, or premeditation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a type of sentencing structure where the law, not the judge, determines the length of punishment for specific offenses.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mandatory Sentencing
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_____ is defined as a sentencing structure in which the offender is sentenced to a minimum and maximum sentencing range. The actual time served is determined by a parole board, which evaluates release based on rehabilitation and behavior while in prison.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Indeterminate Sentencing
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_____ is early release based on the behavior of the offender. Provides supervision and a system of accountability for offenders for a period of time once they are released from prison.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Parole
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Is determinate Sentencing a sentencing structure in which the offender is sentenced to a specific term?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as the only punishment philosophy that places the victim at the core of all decision making.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Restoration
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_____ is defined as argues that a punishment for a crime should be proportional or equal to the crime itself.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Just deserts
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_____ is a punishment philosophy that reflects that offenders should be punished for their bad acts purely on the basis that they violated the laws of society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Retribution
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Is incapacitation refers to the practice of removing offenders from society so that they will not engage in criminal behaviors for a certain period of time?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as focuses on reforming criminal behavior so that the offender does not need or want to engage in future acts of crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rehabilitation
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_____ is defined as the notion that potential punishment must occur in a timely fashion.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Celerity
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_____ is defined as the notion that punishment must be harsh enough to deter people from criminal behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Severity
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Is certainty the notion that individuals need to be reasonably aware that if they engage in a criminal act, they will be apprehended and punished?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as suggests that if people fear the punishment that others receive, they will decide not to engage in similar acts in order to avoid that punishment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
General Deterrence
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_____ is defined as looks at how an individual may avoid criminal behavior if the potential punishment is viewed as undesirable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Specific Deterrence
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In the Baze v. Rees case, the Court held that the use of sodium thiopental as a sedative, did not constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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When it comes to crime and punishment, the level of ______ does not exist because crimes occur every day that are not reported to the police, and offenders are not punished for these acts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Certainty
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The theory of _____ was that offenders would be released based not only on their time served but also their efforts towards reforming their criminal selves.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Indeterminate sentencing
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States, such as California and Ohio, have replaced mandatory prison sentences for first-time drug offenders with ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Drug treatment programming
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Mandatory sentencing has been tired to a dramatic decline in prison populations throughout the late 20th and early 21st centuries
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Each federal crime is classified on the basis of its severity level and is ranked on a scale of 1 to 43.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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In order for ______ theory to be effective, it must possess the characteristics of certainty, severity, and celerity.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deterrence
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Not many jurisdictions have passed determinate sentencing structures.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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Specific deterrence is limited to a particular individual.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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A restorative philosophy does not mean that offenders are not punished for their crimes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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