A design that uses a single participant to investigate the effect of an experimental treatment condition is called
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Single case experimental design
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The change of behavior back to the baseline level after withdrawal of the treatment is called
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Reversal
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A design that assesses the effect of a treatment condition by looking for a discontinuity in regression lines between individuals who score lower and higher than some predetermined cutoff score is called
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Regression -discontinuity design
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An experimental research design that does not provide for full control of potential confounding variables primarily because it does not randomly assign participants to comparison groups; it is superior to a weak but inferior to a strong experimental design
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True
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A quasi-experimental research design consisting of an experimental treatment group and a nonequivalent untreated comparison group, both of which are administered pretest and posttest measures
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True
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A single-case experimental design in which the treatment condition is successively administered to different participants or to the same participant in several settings after baseline behaviors have been recorded for different periods of time is known as _____
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Correct Answer:
Multiple baseline design
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A quasi-experimental research design in which a treatment condition is assessed by comparing the pattern of pretest responses with the pattern of posttest responses obtained from a _____ of participants is called interrupted time series design.
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Single group
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A single-case experimental design in which a participant’s behavior is gradually altered by changing the criterion for success over successive treatment periods is called changing criterion design
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True
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The target behavior in its naturally occurring state without any treatment is known as baseline
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True
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An A-B-A design that is extended to include the reintroduction of the treatment condition is called
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A-B-A-B design
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A single-case experimental design in which the response to the experimental treatment condition is compared to baseline responses taken before and after administering the treatment condition is called
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A-B-A design
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An independent variable in which all participants receive all of its levels is called
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Within subjects independent variable
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Manipulating the _____ by varying the type of condition presented to the different comparison groups is called type technique
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Independent variable
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A design in which the participant does not know the specific condition he or she is in is called
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Single blind procedure
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Biasing effects that can occur when each participant must participate in each experimental treatment condition is called sequencing effects
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True
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The outline, plan, or strategy that is used to answer a research question is called
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Research design
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A design in which all participants participate in all experimental conditions is called repeated measures design
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True
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A popular term for experimental designs with _____ of participants to experimental treatment and control groups and, if possible, use of double-blind procedures is called RCT
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Random assignment
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A procedure that makes assignments to conditions on the basis of chance and in this way maximizes the probability that the comparison groups will be equated on all extraneous variables; randomly assigning a set of people to different groups is called
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Random assignment
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A design that is stronger than the weak designs but not as strong as the strong or randomized designs is called quasi experimental design
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True
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A research design that administers a posttest to _____ randomly assigned groups of participants after both have been pretested and one of the groups has been administered the experimental treatment condition is called pretest posttest control group design.
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Two
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Manipulating the _____ by presenting one group the treatment condition and withholding it from the other group
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Independent variable
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Comparing the posttest performance of a group of participants who have been given an experimental treatment condition with that of a group that has not been given the experimental treatment condition is called Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
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Correct Answer:
True
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A research design in which participants are randomly assigned to the experimental treatment and control conditions, one group is administered the active treatment condition, and the posttest is administered to all groups is called posttest only control group design
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True
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An interaction effect represented graphically by non parallel lines plotting the effect that do not cross within the graph is called
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Order interaction effect
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A sequencing effect that occurs due to the order in which the treatment conditions are administered is called
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Order effect
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Measurement of the _____ at the pretest, followed by administration of the experimental treatment, followed by posttest measurement using the same measure of the dependent variable is called one group pretest-posttest design
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Correct Answer:
Dependent variable
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A single group of research participants is exposed to an experimental treatment and then measured on the _____ to assess the effect of the treatment condition is called one group posttest only design
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Dependent variable
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Equating comparison groups on one or more variables that are correlated with the independent variable is called matching
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False
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The mean of the scores in the cells either down a column or across a row, in a factorial design table of mean outcomes is called marginal mean
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True
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The effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable is called
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Main effect
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A study conducted in a controlled environment where one or more variables are precisely manipulated and all or nearly all extraneous variables are controlled is called laboratory experiment
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True
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An experimental study that is conducted over the Internet is called
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Internet experiment
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The effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable depends on or varies across the levels of another independent variable is known as _____
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Interaction effect
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An _____ that is conducted in a real-life setting is called field experiment
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Experimental study
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A factorial design in which different participants are randomly assigned to the different levels of one independent variable but all participants take all levels of another independent variable is called factorial design based on a mixed model .
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Correct Answer:
True
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A design in which two or more independent variables, at least one of which is manipulated, are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable is called factorial design
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True
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The group that receives the experimental treatment condition is called
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Experimental treatment group
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Eliminating any differential influence of extraneous variables through the use of an experimental research design is called
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Experimental control
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An environment in which the researcher attempts to objectively observe phenomena that are made to occur in a strictly controlled situation in which one or more variables are varied and the others are kept constant is called
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Experiment
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Experimenter’s goal of constructing comparison groups that are similar on all confounding extraneous variables and different only on the independent variable is equating the comparison groups
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True
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A design in which neither the researcher nor the participant knows the specific condition (experimental treatment or control) that the participant is in double blind procedure
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True
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An interaction effect represented graphically by crossed lines on a graph plotting the effect is _____ effect
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Disordinal
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The influence of an extraneous variable that is different for the various comparison groups is _____ influence
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Differential
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Administering all experimental conditions to all participants but in different orders; it is used with within-subjects independent variables is known as
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Counterbalancing
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In which group that does not receive the experimental treatment condition ?
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Control group
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A combination of two or more independent variables in a factorial design is called
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Cell
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Carryover effect that occurs when performance in one experimental treatment condition is influenced by participation in a prior condition(s)
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True
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An independent variable in which each participant receives only one of its levels is between subjects independent variable
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True
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Which analysis used to statistically equate groups that differ on a pretest or some other variable ?
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Analysis of covariance
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In which technique manipulating the independent variable by giving the various comparison groups different amounts of the independent variable ?
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Amount technique
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A “field experiment” is an experiment conducted out of doors.
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False
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In the factorial design, “an interaction effect that occurs when the lines on a graph plotting the effect cross” is called an ordinal interaction effect.
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False
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In a repeated-measures design, all participants participate in all experimental conditions.
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True
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Random selection of participants is a control technique used in experimental research to help make groups as similar as possible?
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False
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Random assignment of participants to the groups in an experiment guarantees that the groups will be exactly the same.
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Correct Answer:
False
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______ is a statistical method that can be used to equate groups that are found to differ on a pretest or some other variable or variables.
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Correct Answer:
Analysis of covariance
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In which of the following designs is the basic history threat a problem for internal validity?
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One-group pretest-posttest design
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Which of the following designs is the strongest for making claims about cause and effect?
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The control technique of counterbalancing is used with which of the following designs?
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Correct Answer:
Repeated-measures design
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Suppose you are using a factorial design with independent variables A and B and dependent variable C. Your results reveal an interaction effect. This means that ______.
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Correct Answer:
The effect of independent variable A on dependent variable C depends on the level of independent variable B one is at
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The posttest-only control-group design requires ______.
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Correct Answer:
Random assignment of participants
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Why does a strong experiment include a control group?
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Correct Answer:
It gives us information about how participants would perform without experiencing the experimental treatment and it eliminates several threats to internal validity.
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The design in which two or more independent variables, at least one of which is manipulated, are simultaneously studied to determine their independent and interactive effects on the dependent variable is called the ______.
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Correct Answer:
Factorial design
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In which of the following designs is differential selection a threat to internal validity?
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Correct Answer:
Posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups
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Which of the following is an example of “presence versus absence” variation of the independent variable?
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Correct Answer:
An experimental group receives guided notes and the control group does not receive guided notes.
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