A researcher specifies six characteristics that each participant must meet in order to be studied. What is this an example of?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criterion sampling
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One problem with any research is that participants may alter their behaviors when they know they are being watched. What is this behavior called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reactivity
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To gain access to a population, a researcher finds one participant they know that has experienced their topic under investigation. That participant then gives contact information on another person for the researcher. What is this an example of?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Snowball sampling
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A researcher investigates how students interact during an art class and helps in projects when asked by the students. What is this an example of?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Observer as participant
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What is a sampling strategy that selects a few essential cases for understanding the issue?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Critical case sampling
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Qualitative research uses ______ sampling to study participants in depth to provide rich and deep narratives of the topic.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Non-probability
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Who is a researcher that participates in activities, but does not reveal her role as a researcher?
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Correct Answer:
Complete participant
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A researcher wants to investigate why students participate in after school activities with a plan to interview 75 students. After 20 interviews, the responses begin to repeat with no new information. What is this an example of?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Data saturation
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What is the belief that reality is defined by social entities?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Critical theory
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What is the belief that there is one reality?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Positivism
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Qualitative research using a(n) ______ analysis, while quantitative research uses ______ to interpret data.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Thematic; statistical
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In qualitative research, who is a co-researcher?
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Correct Answer:
The participant
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Qualitative researchers have a holistic view that emphasizes that ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Each person experiences a slightly different realities
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What kind of data do researchers collect with qualitative research design?
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Correct Answer:
Narrative data
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_____ selects individuals who are average or representative of the issue being investigated.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Typical case sampling
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Begins with one or two participants who can provide information about the topic under investigation. The sample becomes larger as the study continues, this type of sampling is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Snowball sampling
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_____ is when the participants alter their behavior in some way because they know they are being studied.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reactivity
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Qualitative research design uses the scientific method to make _____ observations, from which conclusions are drawn without the use of statistical analysis.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Non numeric
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_____ is a philosophical view shared by both quantitative and qualitative researchers where the belief is that there is one reality that can be studied using a structured scientific method, verified, understood, and tested as theories.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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Participant as observer is when _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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Participant is a term used to describe a _____ who volunteers to be subjected to the procedures in a research study.
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Correct Answer:
Human
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_____ is when the researcher takes an active role in the activities under investigation, typically by assuming the role being studied.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Overt observation
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_____ obtains participants serendipitously to take advantage of circumstances or new events as they arise.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Opportunistic sampling
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Observer as a participant is a qualitative researcher who is primarily an observer but will have limited interaction with the participants.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Observer is a research role where the observer is seen or heard.
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Correct Answer:
False
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_____ seeks to find individuals who do not fit into the emerging patterns identified in the analysis.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Negative case sampling
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_____ are words collected via interviews or documents that are used for analysis.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Narrative data
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_____ maximizes the diversity of the sample by including typical and extreme cases.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Maximum variation sampling
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A “bottom-up” type of reasoning in which a limited number of observations or measurements (i.e., data) are used to generate ideas and make observations is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Inductive reasoning
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_____ are notes that are taken during the observation to help the observer recall what was observed.
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Correct Answer:
Field notes
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_____ identifies highly unusual cases (the exception to the rule) as the sample.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Extreme case sampling
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An assumption in science that all actions in the universe do not have a cause is known as determinism.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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A “top-down” type of reasoning in which a claim (a hypothesis or theory) is used to generate ideas or predictions and make observations is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deductive reasoning
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_____ occurs when no new information is derived from the data collection process and all the needed information is obtained.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Data saturation
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Critical theory is a group of philosophical views that contend that reality is defined by social entities such as _____ politics, and gender.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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_____ selects a few essential cases for understanding the issue.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Critical case sampling
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_____ is when the researcher develops a set of predetermined criteria by which to select participants.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criterion sampling
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Constructivism is a philosophical view that maintains there_____, in which people construct their own meaning of the world.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are multiple realities
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