Searching for themes and patterns within a _____ ; contrasted with cross-case analysis is called within case analysis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Single case
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A broad or grand theory that emphasizes the importance of cultural, structural, institutional, and functional relations as constituting a large part of the social world in which humans live and holds that this structure is key in determining meaning and influencing human behavior is called structuralism
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The contribution the research can make to theoretical understandings or to making situations more socially just is called social justifications
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ are taken from a population over time, and the same questions are asked is called trend study
Answer
Correct Answer:
Independent samples
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_____ things that must be present if you are to contend that causation has occurred three required conditions for causation.
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Correct Answer:
Three
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An observed relationship between two variables that may be due to an extraneous variable is called third variable problem
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Correct Answer:
True
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The claim made in significance testing when the evidence suggests that the observed result was probably not due to chance; we believe it is a real relationship is called statistically significant
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Correct Answer:
True
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A relationship between two variables that is due to a _____ is called spurious relationship
Answer
Correct Answer:
Third variable
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One of the “children” of a broader statistical procedure known as the general linear model (GLM) is called
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Correct Answer:
Special case of the general linear model
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Nonexperimental research design with one independent variable, one dependent variable, and no control for any extraneous variables is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Simple cases
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A design with one quantitative independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable is called first simple case of non experimental quantitative research
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Correct Answer:
False
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The researcher starts with the dependent variable and moves _____ in time is called retrospective research
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Correct Answer:
Backward
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Questions asking people to recall something from an earlier time is called retrospective questions
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Correct Answer:
True
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Another term applied to a panel study is called prospective study
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Correct Answer:
True
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Causes that usually produce an outcome; changes in variable A tend to produce changes in variable B is called
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Correct Answer:
Probabilistic causes
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Research focused on predicting the future status of one or more dependent variables based on one or more independent variables is called
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Correct Answer:
Predictive research
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Making the argument that because A preceded B, A must have caused B Is called post hoc fallacy
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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A _____ providing information about a direct effect is called path coefficient
Answer
Correct Answer:
Quantitative index
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A relationship between two variables that is partially due to one or more third variables is called partially spurious relationship
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Used to examine the relationship between _____ quantitative variables controlling for one or more quantitative extraneous variables is called partial correlation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Two
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A study in which the same individuals are studied at successive points over time is called panel study
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Correct Answer:
True
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Research in which the independent variable is not manipulated and there is no random assignment to groups is called
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Correct Answer:
Non experimental research
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Attempting to identify rival _____ is called method of working multiple hypothesis
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Correct Answer:
Explanations
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The variable the researcher matches on to eliminate it as an alternative explanation is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Matching variable
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Data are collected at multiple time points, and comparisons are made across time is called
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Correct Answer:
Longitudinal research
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A variable occurring between two other variables in a causal chain (also known as a mediating variable) is called intervening variable
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Correct Answer:
True
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An effect occurring through an intervening variable is called
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Correct Answer:
In direct effect
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A that is the “parent” of many statistical analysis techniques is called general linear model
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mathematical procedure
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A design with one categorical independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable first simple case of nonexperimental quantitative research
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Correct Answer:
True
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Testing hypotheses and theories that explain how and why a phenomenon operates as it does is called
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Correct Answer:
Explanatory research
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Present when increased amounts, or greater strength, of the treatment results in increased amounts of response on the dependent variable
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The effect of the variable at the origin of an arrow on the variable at the receiving end of the arrow is called
Answer
Correct Answer:
Direct effect
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A differential loss of participants from the various comparison groups that causes the groups to become nonequivalent, and obscures the treatment effect is called
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Correct Answer:
Differential attrition
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Research focused on providing an accurate description or picture of the status or characteristics of a situation or phenomenon is called _____
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Correct Answer:
Descriptive research
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Data are collected at a _____ in time is called cross sectional research
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Correct Answer:
Single point
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Any group of people with a common classification or characteristic is called cohort
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Correct Answer:
True
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A form of explanatory research in which the researcher hypothesizes a causal model and then empirically tests it is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Causal modeling
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A control method that can be used to statistically equate groups that differ on a pretest or some other variable; used to examine the relationship between one categorical independent variable and one quantitative dependent variable, controlling for one or more extraneous variables (also called ANCOVA) is called analysis of covariance
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The research objective dimension and the time dimension can be crossed to form a table of types of nonexperimental quantitative research. This results in a table of six different types of nonexperimental quantitative research.
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Correct Answer:
False
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The post hoc fallacy is exemplified by claiming that because A preceded B, A caused B.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A researcher uses the research approach of “causal modeling” (developing a theoretical model and testing it). The primary objective of such research is exploratory.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The proper time order condition (the temporal antecedence condition) of the “required conditions for cause and effect” is virtually always a problem in nonexperimental quantitative research.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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The number of fire trucks responding to a fire and the amount of fire damage positively correlated. This relationship is spurious.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Which approach to research is the strongest for establishing that a relationship is causal?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Experimental
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In what kind of research does the researcher test hypotheses and theories about how and why a phenomenon operates as it does?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Explanatory research
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Which of the following independent variables might a researcher study using nonexperimental quantitative research because it cannot be experimentally manipulated?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Various personality traits
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The book describes “research objective” as another important dimension for classifying nonexperimental research. This dimension includes three major objectives. Which of the following is one of those three types?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Causal research
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The book describes the “time dimension” as one important dimension for classifying nonexperimental research. This dimension includes three major design types. Which of the following is one of those three types?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Retrospective
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According to the text, which statement about the “simple cases” of nonexperimental quantitative research is true?
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Correct Answer:
Causal conclusions can NOT be drawn from either of the two “simple cases.”
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The ______ is a mathematical procedure that is the “parent” of many statistical techniques. For example, two of its “children” are analysis of covariance and partial correlation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
General linear model
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Which of the following is a type of longitudinal research?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Trend
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The President of your university assigns the Director of Research to determine what jobs and the salaries the alumni have. The researcher draws a random sample from the list of alumni and conducts a telephone interview with the alumni in the sample. This research project is best described as having what kind of objective?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Descriptive
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A researcher is interested in the relationship between vocabulary and school achievement in Grade 1. The researcher decides that to control for IQ, which also is expected to influence achievement in Grade 1. The researcher takes a group of first graders and measures them on vocabulary, achievement, and IQ. Then the researcher statistically examines the relationship between vocabulary and school achievement, controlling for IQ. What is the name of this control technique?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Partial correlation
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