1. A researcher that fails to report nonstatistical findings, whether to deliberately hide results or the publisher not publishing the article, is an ethical dilemma known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
File drawer problem
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2. Which of the following is a sample statistic that is used to estimate a population parameter?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Point estimate
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3. Often reported with both parametric and nonparametric tests for significance, ______ can describe the proportion of variance in a dependent variable that can be explained by the levels of a factor.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Effect size
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4. A researcher needs to analyze one categorical factor for the extent to which frequencies observed fit well with the expected frequencies. The researcher should use ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chi-square goodness-of-fit
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5. Which type of test is used to test significance in hypotheses tests with nominal or ordinal scales of measurement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nonparametric
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6. Pearson correlation coefficient parametric test for correlation is used for ______ levels of measurement.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interval or ratio
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7. A source of variation associated with how the effects of one factor are influenced by the levels of a second factor is ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interaction
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8. What is the power of the decision-making process?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis
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9. A significant ______ indicates that group means significantly vary across the levels of one factor, ______ of the second factor.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Main effect; independent
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10. If a researcher retains the null hypothesis that is actually false, they have performed a ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Type II error
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11. A researcher sets a null hypothesis and runs a test statistic to see if the null hypothesis is true. The criterion is set at .05, and the results show that the tested p value is .021. What can the researcher conclude about their null hypothesis?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The researcher can reject the null hypothesis and state the effect reached is significant.
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12. If a researcher implements a new teaching strategy that is hypothesized to increase learning retention and tests scores, which of the following would be the correct null hypothesis?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The new teaching strategy will lower learning retention and tests scores.
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13. Inferential statistics uses data taken from ______ to make generalizable observations to ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A sample; a larger population
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14. Type II error is _____ finding.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False negative
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15. Type I error is _____ finding.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False positive
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16. A mathematical formula that allows researchers to determine the likelihood of obtaining sample outcomes if the null hypothesis were true is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Test statistic
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17. When the null hypothesis is retained, we reach significance.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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18. A criterion of judgment upon which a decision is made regarding the value stated in a null hypothesis is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Significance level
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19. When the null hypothesis is rejected, we reach significance.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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20. Power is the probability that we will detect an effect if an effect actually exists in a population.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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21. Power is the probability that we will detect an effect if an effect actually exists in a population.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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22. A sample statistic that is used to estimate a population parameter is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Point estimate
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23. Parametric tests analyze data on_____ scale.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ratio
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24. The p value is compared to the_____to make a decision about a null hypothesis.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Level of significance
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25. Null hypothesis is a statement about a population parameter that is assumed to be false.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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26. Nonparametric tests analyze data on_____ scale of measurement.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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27. A source of variation associated with mean differences across the levels of a single factor is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Main effect
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28. A criterion of judgment upon which a decision is made regarding the value stated in a null hypothesis is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Level of significance
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29. The probability or likelihood that an interval estimate will contain the value of an unknown population parameter is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Level of confidence
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30. The interval or range of possible values within which an unknown population parameter is likely to be contained is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interval estimate
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31. Interaction is a source of variation associated with how the effects of one factor are_____, the levels of a second factor.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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32. Procedures that allow researchers to infer or generalize observations made with samples to the larger population from which they were selected refer to inferential statistics.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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33. Eta squared is a measure (η2) of proportion of _____ used to describe effect size for data analyzed using ANOVA.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Variance
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34. The types of estimation include_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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35. Effect size conventions means the standard rules for identifying_____ effects based on typical findings in behavioral research.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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36. Effect size includes_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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37. A mean difference or discrepancy between what was observed in a sample and what was expected to be observed in the population is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Effect
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38. A measure of proportion of variance that is used as an estimate of effect size for the chi-square test for independence is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cramer’s V
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39. The upper and lower boundaries of a confidence interval given within a specified level of confidence refer to_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Confidence limits
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40. The interval or range of possible values within which an unknown population parameter is likely to be contained is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Confidence interval
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41. A measure of effect size in terms of the number of standard deviations that mean scores shifted above or below the population mean stated by the null hypothesis is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cohen’s d
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42. Cohen’s conventions means the standard rules for identifying _____ effects based on typical findings in behavioral research.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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43. Coefficient of determination is a measure (R2) of proportion of_____ used to describe effect size for data analyzed using a correlation coefficient or regression.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Variance
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44. A statistical procedure used to determine whether frequencies observed at the combination of levels of two categorical variables are similar to or different from frequencies expected is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chi-square test for independence
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45. A statistical procedure used to determine whether observed frequencies at each level of one categorical variable are similar to or different from frequencies expected is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chi-square goodness-of-fit test
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Educational Research And Methods MCQs | Topic-wise
