A ______ is used to give a false explanation of research to participants.
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Correct Answer:
Cover story
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What accounted for 88.4% of research misconduct cases from 2007 to 2011 at the National Science Foundation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plagiarism
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Which of the following is not a recommendation in preparing an informed consent form?
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Correct Answer:
Researchers should use technical jargon to ensure participants understand the project fully.
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Satisfying the ethical principle of ______ requires a risk–benefit analysis, in which the researcher weighs the risks and benefits in a study.
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Correct Answer:
Beneficence
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______ is to concoct methods or data that misrepresent aspects of a research study with the intent to deceive others.
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Correct Answer:
Fabrication
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A debriefing is given at what stage in the research process?
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Correct Answer:
At the end of a study, immediately after all procedures have been conducted.
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An Institutional Review Board consists of at least five members who perform what primary function?
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Correct Answer:
Board members review research protocols.
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In the Milgram obedience experiments, what did the authority figure order the participant to do?
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Correct Answer:
Administer shocks to the learner in increments of 15 V for each successive incorrect response
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Justice is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont Report that states that ______.
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Correct Answer:
All participants should be treated fairly and equitably in terms of receiving the benefits and bearing the risks in research
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Which of the following is used in research to specifically meet the principle of respect for persons in the Belmont Report?
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Correct Answer:
Informed consent
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The Belmont Report was published in response to public outrage over ______.
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Correct Answer:
The Tuskegee syphilis study
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Which document contains 10 directives aimed to protect human participants from unnecessary harm?
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Correct Answer:
The Nuremberg Code
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Scientific integrity means the extent to which a researcher is honest and truthful in his or her actions, _____ and dissemination of research.
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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A type of analysis in which the researcher anticipates or weighs the risks and benefits in a study is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Risk-benefit analysis
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An ethical principle listed in the Belmont Report that states that participants in a research study must be autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Respect for persons
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All are correct about research protocol except_____
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Correct Answer:
Researchers are not bound to follow the protocol once it is approved
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Research ethics identifies the actions that researchers must take to conduct _____ research.
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Correct Answer:
Both
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The reproduction of research procedures under identical conditions for the purposes of observing the same phenomenon is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Replication
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An individual’s use of someone else’s ideas or work that is represented as the individual’s own ideas or work is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Plagiarism
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A procedure used by the editors of scientific journals in which a manuscript or work is sent to experts in that area to review the work and determine its scientific value or worth regarding publication is known as peer review.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The Nuremberg code is the first international code for ethical conduct in research consisting of _____ directives aimed at the protection of human participants.
Answer
Correct Answer:
10
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An ethical principle listed in the Belmont Report that states that all participants should be treated fairly and equitably in terms of receiving the benefits and bearing the risks in research is called_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Justice
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An institutional review board consists of how many members?
Answer
Correct Answer:
5
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Informed consent is a _____ agreement in which participants state they are willing to participate in a research study after being informed of all aspects of their role in the study.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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To concoct methods or data that misrepresent aspects of a research study with the intent to deceive others is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fabrication
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The republication of original data that were previously published is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Duplication
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A strategy used by researchers in which participants are deliberately mislead concerning the true purpose and nature of the research being conducted is called_____
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Correct Answer:
Deception
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Debriefing is full disclosure to participants of the true purpose of a study, typically given at_____
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Correct Answer:
End of a study
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A false explanation intended to prevent research participants from discovering the true purpose of a research study is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Cover story
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A protection of individual identity in which the identity of a participant is not made available to anyone who is not directly involved in a study is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Confidentiality
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An ethical principle listed in the Belmont Report that states that it is the researcher’s responsibility to minimize the potential risks and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Beneficence
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Belmont report is a published document that recommends three principles for the ethical conduct of research with human participants which includes_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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The consent of a minor or other legally incapable person to agree to participate in research only after receiving an appropriate explanation in reasonably understandable language is known as_____
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Correct Answer:
Assent
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A protection of individual identity in which the identity of a participant remains unknown throughout a study, even to those involved in a study is known as_____
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Anonymity
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______ research objective of attempting to understand the subjective viewpoints of particular people and particular groups
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Correct Answer:
Understanding
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Which program performs poorly that is based on a weak or faulty program theory?
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Correct Answer:
Theory failure
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An explanation or explanatory system that discusses how a phenomenon operates and why it operates as it does is called
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Correct Answer:
Theory
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Evaluation focused on determining the overall effectiveness and usefulness of the evaluation object is summative evaluation
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Correct Answer:
True
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Group- and society-level factors or variables is knowns as
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Sociological
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Factors or variables relating individuals to other individuals and to social groups is social ______ factors
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Psychological
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An approach for ______ the is called science
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Correct Answer:
Generation of knowledge
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Preferring the most complicated theory that works is called rule of parsimony
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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A set of published research studies on a ______ Is called research literature
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Correct Answer:
Particular topic
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Systematic investigation using appropriate methodologies to provide justified answers to questions about our world is called research
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Research examining the same variables with different people Is known as ______
Answer
Correct Answer:
Replication
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A researcher who focuses on testing theories and hypotheses using quantitative data to see if they are confirmed or not is called
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Correct Answer:
Quantitative researcher
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A researcher who focuses on exploration, description, and understanding of subjective meanings and sometimes the generation and construction of theories using qualitative data is called
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Correct Answer:
Qualitative researcher
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Individual-level factors or variables is called
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Psychological factors
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Any set of beliefs or practices that purport to be ______ but are not
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Scientific
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The future might not resemble the past is known as ______
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Correct Answer:
Problem of induction
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Stating what is likely to occur, not what will necessarily occur is called probabilistic
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The philosophical idea that empirical research provides evidence, not proof is called principle of evidence
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The research objective of attempting to predict or forecast a phenomenon is called
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Prediction
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The research objective of attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur is called
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Influence
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The process of drawing a conclusion that is “probably” true is called
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Inductive reasoning
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A program performs poorly because it is not implemented correctly is called implementation failure
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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A prediction or educated guess; the ______ of the researcher’s prediction of the relationship that exists among the variables under investigation is called hypothesis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Formal statement
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Evaluation focused on improving the ______ is called formative evaluation
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Correct Answer:
Explanation object
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A top down approach to research is called exploratory method
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Correct Answer:
False
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The research objective of attempting to generate new ideas about phenomena is called exploration
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The research objective of attempting to show how and why a phenomenon operates as it does is called
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Correct Answer:
Explanation
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Determining the worth, merit, or quality of an evaluation object is called
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Correct Answer:
Evaluation
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The theory of knowledge and its justification; the branch of philosophy dealing with knowledge and its justification is called
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Correct Answer:
Epistemology
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The idea that knowledge comes from ______ is called empiricism
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Correct Answer:
Experience
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A statement based on ______ , experiment, or experience is called empirical statement .
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Correct Answer:
Observation
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The research objective of attempting to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon is called
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Description
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The process of drawing a conclusion that is necessarily true if the premises are true is called
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Correct Answer:
Deductive reasoning
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The property that statements and theories should be testable and refutable is called criterion of falsifiability.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Which method is top-down or theory-testing approach to research?
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Correct Answer:
Confirmatory method
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Research aimed at generating fundamental knowledge and theoretical understanding about basic human and other natural processes is called
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Correct Answer:
Basic research
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Research focused on answering practical questions to provide relatively immediate solutions is called
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Correct Answer:
Applied research
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Anonymous review of book and article manuscripts by experts for scientific accuracy and merit is anonymous peer review
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Correct Answer:
True
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Applied research focused on solving practitioners’ local problems is ______ research
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Correct Answer:
Action
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A brief description of the essential characteristics of the study IS called
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Correct Answer:
Abstract
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Educational researchers typically engage in basic, applied, evaluation, action, and orientational research.
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Correct Answer:
True
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“The future might not resemble the past.” This is known as the criterion of falsifiability
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Correct Answer:
False
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Orientational research is conducted for the purpose of advancing an ideological position such as class, and gender inequality should be reduced in society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Inductive reasoning involves drawing a conclusion that is necessarily true if the premises are true.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Action research is focused on helping professionals evaluate program effectiveness.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Which of the following statements is true of a theory?
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Correct Answer:
A theory offers an “explanation” and answers “how” and “why” questions.
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Which “scientific method” follows these steps: (1) observation/data, (2) patterns/descriptions, (3) theory?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inductive or exploratory method
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Which of the following is a basic assumption of science?
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Correct Answer:
One can distinguish between more and less plausible claims about the world.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a good theory or explanation?
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Correct Answer:
It is general enough to apply to more than one place or situation.
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You have been told that the members of a local group engage in what seems to you to be an irrational or odd practice. You decide to conduct a research study to learn why these people engage in the practice. In this case, the primary purpose of your research study is ______.
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Correct Answer:
Exploration
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You design an experiment to test how two different teaching styles influence how well children learn spelling words. The main purpose of your research study would be to ______.
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Correct Answer:
Explain
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The idea that knowledge comes from experience is called ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Empiricism
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The principle of ______ says that if two different theories are available, which have the same explanatory power, then one should select the theory that is the most simple, concise, and succinct.
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Correct Answer:
Parsimony
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What type of research is used to develop a solid foundation of reliable knowledge and provide theoretical understanding about human processes?
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Correct Answer:
Basic research
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The theory of knowledge and its justification is called ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Epistemology
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