Is xYY Chromosome the so-called criminal chromosome; criminal behavior is thought to be caused, in some offenders, by an extra Y chromosome—believed to cause agitation, aggression, and greater criminal tendencies?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a framework consisting of a group of theories that propose similar explanations for a particular type of behavior or event (e.g., crime).
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Correct Answer:
Theoretical Paradigm
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_____ is defined as a theory that argues criminal behavior is caused by feelings of strain, which occur when people believe that legitimate means of achieving success are not accessible to them.
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Correct Answer:
Strain Theory
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_____ is
A theory maintaining that neighborhood characteristics, including poverty, racial heterogeneity, and resident transiency, break down social controls and lead to criminal behavior.
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Correct Answer:
Social Disorganization Theory
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Is social Conflict Theory a theory that explains crime as an outcome of conflicting interests between groups in society and the dominant group’s attempts to control and exploit groups with less power?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a theory maintaining that crimes will occur if they are easy to commit, carry low risk, provide large rewards, provoke people, and are excusable, as judged by a wide range of potential offenders.
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Correct Answer:
Situational Crime Prevention
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_____ is defined as a theory that explains the elements necessary for a crime to occur, as well as the types of controllers who can block criminal opportunities.
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Correct Answer:
Routine Activity Theory
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_____ is a school of thought that argues science can be used to discover the true causes of crime, which include factors outside of offenders’ control.
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Correct Answer:
Positivist School
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Is neoclassical Criminology an approach to crime that is grounded in the concept of rational choice but that views the accused as exempted from conviction if circumstances prevented the exercise of free will?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a theory asserting that criminal behaviors are learned from associating with others and from social interactions and social experiences.
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Correct Answer:
Learning Theory
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_____ is defined as a theory contending that labeling a person as a deviant or criminal makes that person more likely to engage in future criminal behavior.
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Correct Answer:
Labeling Theory
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_____ is a theory that explains how gender inequality affects female offending and justice system responses to crimes committed by females.
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Correct Answer:
Feminist Theory
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Is dual Hazard Prediction the argument that people are most likely to engage in criminal behavior if they (1) have traits associated with crime and (2) are raised in environments conducive to criminal behavior?
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a perspective indicating that people have free will to choose between criminal and lawful behavior, and that crime can be controlled by sanctions and should be proportionate to the offense.
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Correct Answer:
Classical School (Of Criminology)
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_____ is defined as criminological research that looks at whether adopted children share criminal tendencies with their biological or adoptive parents.
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Correct Answer:
Adoption Studies
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What does situational crime prevention postulate lead to criminal behavior?
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Correct Answer:
Convergence of five dimensions of criminal opportunity
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Scientists associated with which theoretical perspective postulated that a certain “criminal” chromosome likely produced tall men with below average intelligence, who behave aggressively or antisocially?
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Correct Answer:
Biological
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Which school of thought argues that offenders are rational and weigh the costs and benefits of crime?
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Correct Answer:
Classical
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In criminology, feminist theory is interested in finding out which of the following?
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Correct Answer:
Why women commit far fewer crimes than men?
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Which is one of the newest theories of crime in the criminology discipline?
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Correct Answer:
Environmental
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Which theory argues that no act is inherently criminal and that crime is only such because a group has determined a particular behavior should be criminalized?
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Correct Answer:
Labeling
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According to Hirschi, people commit crime when they have strong bonds to society and when they do not.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Control theorists argue that all people inherently attempt to ______.
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Correct Answer:
Pursue their own self-interests
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Strain theorists argue that criminal behavior occurs when people believe they are ______.
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Correct Answer:
Incapable of success
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Social disorganization theorists feel that crime is linked to which of the following factors?
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Correct Answer:
Weak core social institutions
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Which theory argues that groups teach criminal behavior to individuals?
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Correct Answer:
Learning
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Routine activity theory argues that which of the following causes criminal behavior?
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Correct Answer:
Convergence of three criminogenic elements
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By announcing their intentions to rob, armed robbers believe they are committing themselves irrevocably to the offense.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Studying theoretical paradigms of criminology help criminologists explain ______ crime.
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Correct Answer:
Different causes of
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A person who believes that the criminal justice system primarily serves the interest of the dominant groups is likely aligned with which criminology theory?
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Correct Answer:
Social conflict
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