_____ is the court of last resort in the United States, also the highest appellate court; it consists of nine justices who are appointed for life.
Answer
Correct Answer:
U.S. Supreme Court
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Is trial Process all of the steps in the adjudicatory process, from indictment or charge to conviction or acquittal?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as civil or criminal courts in which cases are decided through an adversarial process; typically including a court of last resort, an appellate court, trial courts, and lower courts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
State Court System
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_____ is defined as a legal doctrine requiring that one must not be a party to a lawsuit unless he or she has a personal stake in its outcome.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Standing
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_____ is later amended, a law originally enacted to ensure compliance with the Sixth Amendment’s provision for a speedy trial by requiring that a federal case be brought to trial no more than 100 days following the arrest.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Speedy Trial Act Of 1974
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Is pretrial Motions/Processes
Any number of motions filed by prosecutors and defense attorneys prior to trial, for instance, to quash evidence, change venue, conduct discovery, challenge a search or seizure, raise doubts about expert witnesses, or exclude a defendant’s confession
?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as
A stage in the criminal process conducted by a magistrate to determine whether a person charged with a crime should be held for trial based on probable cause; does not determine guilt or innocence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Preliminary Hearing
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_____ is defined as the act of creating laws or setting standards to govern the activities of government; the U.S. Supreme Court, for example, has engaged in policy making in several areas, such as affirmative action, voting, and freedom of communication and expression.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Policy Making
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_____ is a preconviction process between the prosecutor and the accused in which a plea of guilty is given by the defendant, with certain specified considerations in return—for example, having several charges or counts tossed out, and a plea by the prosecutor to the court for leniency or shorter sentence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plea Negotiation (Or Bargaining)
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Is jurisdiction, Court the authority of a court to hear a particular type of case, based on geography (city, state, or federal) and subject matter (e.g., criminal, civil, probate)?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a state court that stands between a trial court and a court of last resort; it typically has appellate jurisdiction only.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intermediate Court Of Appeals
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_____ is defined as a formal proceeding during which the accused is read his or her rights and informed of the charges and the amount of bail required to secure pretrial release.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Initial Appearance
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_____ is a body that hears evidence and determines probable cause regarding crimes and can return formal charges against suspects; use, size, and functions vary among the states.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grand Jury
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Is federal Court System the four-tiered federal system that includes the Supreme Court, circuit courts of appeal, district courts, and magistrate courts?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as in the Bill of Rights, it contains the protection against excessive bail and fines, as well as cruel and unusual punishment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eighth Amendment
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_____ is defined as the state and federal court systems of the United States.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dual Court System
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_____ is a sentencing alternative that removes a case from the criminal justice system, typically to move a defendant into another treatment program or modality.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Diversion Program
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Is district Courts trial courts at the county, state, or federal level with general and original jurisdiction?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a procedure wherein both the prosecution and the defense exchange and share information as to witnesses to be used, results of tests, recorded statements by defendants, or psychiatric reports, so that there are no major surprises at trial.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Discovery
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_____ is defined as an attempt (usually by defense counsel) to have a criminal trial continued until a later date.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Delay (Trial)
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_____ is the last court that may hear a case at the state or federal level.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Court Of Last Resort
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Is circuit Courts originally courts wherein judges traveled a circuit to hear appeals, now courts with several counties or districts in their jurisdiction; the federal court system contains 11 circuit courts of appeals (plus the District of Columbia and territories), which hear appeals from district courts?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a link between one’s act and the injurious act or crime, such as one tossing a match in a forest and igniting a deadly fire.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Causation
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_____ is defined as the clerical procedure that occurs after an arrestee is taken to jail, during which a record is made of his or her name, address, charge(s), arresting officers, and time and place of arrest.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Booking
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_____ is surety (e.g., cash or paper bond) provided by a defendant to guarantee his or her return to court to answer to criminal charges.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bail
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Is arraignment a criminal court proceeding during which a formally charged defendant is informed of the charges and asked to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is known as a legal system wherein there is a contest between two opposing sides, with a judge (and possibly a jury) sitting as an impartial arbiter, seeking truth.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adversarial System
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Which of the following is true of state intermediate courts of appeal (ICA)?
Answer
Correct Answer:
ICAs were created to try and manage the caseload burden on state supreme courts.
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At what point during the trial does the judge explain that guilt must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Jury instructions
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In about half of all states, if a prosecutor wishes to formerly charge an individual with a crime but does not want to give the defense the advantage of hearing the evidence in their case, what pretrial proceeding would they prefer?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grand jury
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It is impossible for a prosecutor to appeal an acquittal because the appeal would ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Violate the Fifth Amendment protection against double jeopardy
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Quashing of evidence, change of venue, and discovery are all examples ______ motions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pretrial
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How do we refer to the trial courts that typically handle misdemeanors and the preliminary stages of felony offenses?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Trial courts of limited jurisdiction
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One of the features of the ______ system is that there are checks and balances on all courtroom actors to protect against impropriety and misuse of the criminal court system.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adversarial
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There is no appeal to a higher authority available after a decision is made by which of the following courts?
Answer
Correct Answer:
U.S. Supreme Court
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Which type of court has the legal authority to decide all matters not delegated by state law to lower courts of limited jurisdiction?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Trial courts of general jurisdiction
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Which court is the most likely to shape legal precedent in the geographic district you live in due to the fact that it is more often the last word on legal issues?
Answer
Correct Answer:
U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals
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Why is the judiciary considered to be the “least dangerous branch” of the government?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Court decisions can be overturned by legislative action, and it has no enforcement powers.
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What is the goal of discovery?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Promoting a fair trial
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Which posttrial motion is almost always denied?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Motion to override jury’s decision and grant the defendant a new trial
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What happens if a defendant’s right to a speedy trial has been violated?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The indictment is dismissed.
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How is a U.S. Circuit Court Chief Judge chosen?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Seniority
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