Social deviance is a breach of ________; crime is a breach of ________.
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Correct Answer:
Norms; law
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Social Control Theory examines the processes a society Or group uses to ensure conformity to its norms and expectations
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Correct Answer:
True
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The violation of social norms is called
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Correct Answer:
Deviance
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Differential Association theory is that which focuses on the learning Of deviant behavior from those with whom we interact (e.g., family, Peers, fellow employees)
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Correct Answer:
True
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Criminal offenses committed against a person, property, or group that are motivated by the offender’s bias against a religious, ethnic, or racial group is hate crimes
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Correct Answer:
True
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Labeling theory is that Theory that explains how people can be labeled deviant after committing a deviant act, which can then lead them to carry out further acts that reflect that label
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Correct Answer:
True
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Ongoing criminal enterprises run by an organized group whose ultimate purpose is economic gain through illegitimate
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Correct Answer:
True
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A violation of a norm that may be an isolated act or an initial act of rule breaking is primary deviance
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Correct Answer:
True
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Victimless crimes is public order crimes
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True
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The likelihood that someone who is arrested,convicted, and imprisoned will later be a repeat offender is recidivism rates
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Correct Answer:
True
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Occurs when an individual continues to violate a norm and begins to take on a deviant identity as a result of being labeled as deviant is secondary deviance
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Correct Answer:
True
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Occurs when a belief or a prediction becomes a reality, in part because of the prediction is self fulfilling prophecy
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Correct Answer:
True
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Stigmatize is branding Branding a person in a way that discredits that person’s claim to a “normal” identity
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Correct Answer:
True
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____ Theory that contends that the opportunity or limitations embedded in the structures of society may contradict and undermine the goals and aspirations society encourages for its members, creating strains that lead to deviance
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Correct Answer:
Strain
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The calculated use of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or
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Correct Answer:
Terrorism
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Acts committed by or between individual consenting adults is victimless crimes
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Correct Answer:
True
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The violation of law committed by an individual or group in the course of a legitimate, respected occupation or financial activity is ____ collar crime
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Correct Answer:
White
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Jason is a senior. He “collects” (a.k.a. steals) exams from his professor’s desk and sells them for profit to other students. He also has a network of students who work for him “collecting” exams. In order to keep the other students quiet, he physically threatens his “buyers” if they squeal. Jason is committing a(n) ______.
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Correct Answer:
Organized crime
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Someone decides to sell illegal drugs because he does not have any marketable job skills. Merton would refer to this as ______.
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Correct Answer:
Innovation
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A global treaty forbids torture of war criminals, but the U.S. tortures some of its criminals anyway. Because the U.S. is a world superpower, its treatment of prisoners is not considered a state-organized crime.
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Correct Answer:
False
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How do women’s crimes generally differ from men’s?
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Correct Answer:
Women are often in less of a position to commit crimes, and those crimes they do commit are often to procure resources.
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The criminal justice system tends to treat everyone equally, regardless of race, class, or sex.
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Correct Answer:
False
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The breakdown of norms guiding behavior that leads to social disorganization is ______.
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Correct Answer:
Anomie
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William Chambliss’s study of the Saints and the Roughnecks is an example of a(n) ______.
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Correct Answer:
Self-fulfilling prophecy
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People with higher statuses in society are less likely to be seen as deviant.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The idea of “peer pressure” (that students’ deviant peers encourage them to be deviant as well) fits most closely with labeling theory.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Which theory explains why people obey norms?
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Correct Answer:
Social control theory
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According to some sociologists, labeling someone a deviant can actually increase their deviant behavior.
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Correct Answer:
True
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As societies modernize, which of the following can be expected?
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Correct Answer:
A rise in anomie
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Globally, 35% of women have been the victim of physical or sexual violence.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Deviant actions for which there are formal penalties imposed by the government, such as fines, jail, or prison sentences is called
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Correct Answer:
Crime
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Crimes that members of society generally agree are serious is consensus crimes
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Correct Answer:
True
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School or district policies that set predetermined punishments for certain misbehaviors and punish the same way, no matter the severity or the context of the behavior are known as _____ policies.
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Correct Answer:
Zero-tolerance
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Crime committed by people of high social status in connection with their work is called _____ crime.
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Correct Answer:
White collar
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Actions taken by U.S. state and federal governments to curb the illegal drug trade and reduce drug use by punishing drug possession, use, and trafficking more harshly is known as “War on drugs”.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Crimes that involve force or threat of force, including murder and negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault are called _____.
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Correct Answer:
Violent crimes
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State and federal laws that sentence an individual to life in prison who has been found guilty of committing three felonies or serious crimes punishable by a minimum of a year in prison is a term known as Three strikes Laws.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Theories that explain deviance in terms of the conflicting interests of different segments of the population are called ____ theories.
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Correct Answer:
Subcultural
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In Merton’s reformulation of Durkheim’s functionalist theory, a form of anomie that occurs when a gap exists between the culturally defined goals of a society and the means available in society to achieve those goals are known as _____ strain.
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Correct Answer:
Structural
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The theory that conflicts generated by fundamental contradictions in the structure of society produce laws defining certain acts as deviant or criminal is called Structural contradicition theory.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The theory that when there is a discrepancy between the cultural goals for success and the means available to achieve those goals, rates of deviance will be high is known as _____.
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Correct Answer:
Strain theory
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Criminal or other harmful acts of commission or omission perpetrated by state officials in the pursuit of their jobs as representatives of the government are known as _____.
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Correct Answer:
State crimes
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The ability to exercise social control is called Social power.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The theory that explains that that probability of delinquency or deviance among children and teenagers is rooted in social control is known as _____theory.
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Correct Answer:
Social control theory
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The attempts by certain people or groups in society are called ____.
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Correct Answer:
Social control
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Individuals' connections to others are known as Social bonds.
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Correct Answer:
True
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As a consequence of labeling, people develop deviant self-concepts, living up to the label imposed on them is known as ______.
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Correct Answer:
Self-fulfilling prophecy
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Second step in labelling deviance when a person is labelled deviant accepts the label as part of his or her identity and, as a result, begins to act in conformity with the label is called _____ deviance.
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Correct Answer:
Secondary
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The policies and practices that push students, particularly at-risk youth, out of schools and into the juvenile and criminal justice system is called the School-to-prison pipeline.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Crimes that involve the violation of individuals’ ownership rights, including burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson are called ____ crimes.
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Correct Answer:
Property
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The first step in the labeling of deviance, it occurs at the moment an activity is labeled deviant is called ____ deviance.
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Correct Answer:
Primary
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Societies made up of many diverse groups with different norms and values are called ____ societies.
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Correct Answer:
Pluralistic
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A theory that the skull configurations of deviant individuals differ from those of non deviants is called ____.
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Correct Answer:
Phrenology
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Crime committed by criminal groups that provide illegal goods and services is called a _____ crime.
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Correct Answer:
Organized
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Legislation stipulating that a person found guilty of a particular crime must be sentenced to set minimum numbers of years in prison are known as Mandatory minimum sentences.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A symbolic interactionist approach holding that deviant behavior is a product of the labels people attach to certain types of behavior is called _____ theory.
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Correct Answer:
Labeling
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The unofficial means through which deviance and deviant behaviors are discouraged in society is called ____ social control.
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Correct Answer:
Informal
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The recruitment, transport, transfer, harboring, or receipt of a person by such means as threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, or deception for the purpose of exploitation is called _____.
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Correct Answer:
Human trafficking
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Official attempts to discourage certain behaviors and visibly punish others; most often exercised by the state is called Formal social control.
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Correct Answer:
True
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It's a perspective that suggests studies of deviance are biased because all research is done by males largely ignoring female perspective is called _____ perspectives on deviance.
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Correct Answer:
Feminist
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The theory that people differ not only in their motivations to engage in deviant acts but also in their opportunities to do so is called ____
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Correct Answer:
Differential opportunity theory
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The theory that deviant and criminal behavior is learned and results from regular exposure to attitudes favorable to acting in ways that are deviant or criminal is called ____.
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Correct Answer:
Differential association theory
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Any attitude, behavior, belief, or condition that violates cultural norms or societal laws and results in disapproval, hostility, or sanction if it becomes known is called ____.
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Correct Answer:
Deviance
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Theories that focus on the relationship between race, power, and racism are called ____ theories.
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Correct Answer:
Critical race
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Any act defined in the law as punishable by fines, imprisonment, or both is called ____.
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Correct Answer:
Crime
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Theories that propose that what is labeled deviant or criminal—and therefore who gets punished—is determined by the interests of the dominant class are classe Class-dominant theories.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Crimes punishable by death are called ____.
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Correct Answer:
Capital offenses
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A crime, such as murder, that is severe enough to merit the death penalty is called Capital crime.
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Correct Answer:
True
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