The largest number of a confidence interval is called
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Correct Answer:
Upper limit
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Failing to reject a false null hypothesis is called
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Type II error
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Rejecting a true null hypothesis is called
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Type I error
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A statistical test used to determine whether a regression coefficient is statistically significant t test for regression coefficients
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True
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T test for independent samples is statistical test used to determine whether the difference between the means of two groups is statistically significant
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True
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A statistical test used to determine whether a correlation coefficient is statistically significant is t test for correlation coefficients
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True
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The claim made in significance testing when the evidence suggests that the observed result was probably not due to chance; we believe it is a real relationship
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True
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A numerical characteristic of a sample is known as _____
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Statistics
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The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is _____ error
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Standard
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A commonly used synonym for hypothesis testing is _____ testing
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Correct Answer:
Significance
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The cutoff the researcher uses to decide when to reject the null hypothesis (also called alpha level); the researcher hopes the p value will be less than the significance level is alpha level
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Correct Answer:
True
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The difference between the value of a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter is called
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Sampling error
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The theoretical probability distribution of the means of all possible random samples of a particular size drawn from a population is sampling distribution of the mean
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Correct Answer:
True
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The theoretical probability distribution of the values of a statistic that results when all possible random samples of a particular size are drawn from a population is called
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Sampling distribution
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A set of elements or cases taken from a larger population is called
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Sample
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Repeated sampling is Drawing many or all possible samples from a population
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True
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The probability of the observed result of your research study or a more extreme result, if the null hypothesis were true (also called p value) is called p value
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True
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A conclusion made when a relationship is strong enough to be of practical importance is called non -practical significance
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False
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The likelihood of rejecting the _____ when it is false is called power
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Null hypothesis
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A follow-up test to the _____ is called post hoc test
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Analysis of variance
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The large group to which a researcher wants to generalize the sample results; the complete set of cases is called
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Population
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The use of the value of a sample statistic as the estimate of the value of a population parameter is called point estimation
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True
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The estimated value of a population parameter is called point estimate
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True
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A numerical characteristic of a _____ is called parameter
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Population
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A statistical test used to compare two or more group means (also called one-way ANOVA) is called _____
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One-way analysis of variance
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A statement about a _____ is called null hypothesis
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Population parameter
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An alternative hypothesis that includes the not equal (≠) sign is called
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Nondirectional alternative hypothesis
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One half the width of a confidence interval is called margin of error
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True
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The smallest number on a confidence interval is called
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Lower limit
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State the null and alternative hypotheses.Set the significance level before analyzing the data. (Most educational researchers use .05 as the significance level. Note that the significance level is also called the alpha level or, more simply, alpha.)Obtain the probability value based on the analysis of your empirical data using a computer program such as SPSS. (Note that the probability value is also called the p value.)Compare the probability value to the significance level and make the statistical decision.
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True
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The probability that a confidence interval to be constructed from a _____ will include the population parameter is called level of confidence.
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Random sample
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Statistics that go beyond the immediate data and infer the characteristics of populations based on samples; use of the laws of probability to make inferences and draw statistical conclusions about populations based on sample data is called
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Inferential statistics
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The branch of inferential statistics that is concerned with how well the sample data support a null hypothesis and when the null hypothesis can be rejected Is called hypothesis testing
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True
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A measure of the strength or magnitude of a relationship between the independent and dependent variables is called effect size indicator
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True
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An alternative hypothesis that contains either a greater than sign (>) or a less than sign (<) is called
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Directional alternative hypothesis
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The endpoints of a _____ is called confidence limits
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Confidence limits
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A range of numbers inferred from the sample that has a certain probability or chance of including the population parameter is called _____
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Confidence interval
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A statistical test used to determine whether a relationship observed in a contingency table is statistically significant is called chi-square test for contingency tables
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Correct Answer:
True
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A statement that the population parameter is some value other than the value stated by the null hypothesis; it is the complement of the null hypothesis. For example, if the null hypothesis states that two population means are equal, then the alternative hypothesis would state that the two means are not equal Is called alternative hypothesis
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True
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In hypothesis testing (or significance testing), the research finding is said to be statistically significant when the significance level is less than or equal to the probability value.
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False
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In the one-way analysis of variance procedure, post hoc tests are needed when the overall one-way analysis of variance is statistically significant and you have two group means.
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False
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The significance level also is called the alpha level.
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True
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In significance testing, the research hypothesis is actually tested.
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False
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The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is called the sampling deviation.
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False
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The symbols in the null and alternative hypotheses are ______.
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Greek letters standing for population parameters
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In hypothesis testing, the “probability of the observed result of your research result, or a more extreme result, if the null hypothesis were true” is called the ______, and the “cutoff the researcher uses to decide when to reject the null hypothesis” is called the ______.
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P value; alpha level
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A ______ results if you “reject a true null” hypothesis, and a ______ results if you “fail to reject a false null” hypothesis. (Select the letter that has the right answers in their correct order.)
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Type I error; Type II error
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The difference between the value of the sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter is the ______.
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Sampling error
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A numerical characteristic of a population (such as a mean) is called ______, and a numerical characteristic of a sample (such as a mean) is called ______. (Select the answer with the two correct terms in their correct order.)
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Parameter; statistic
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The statistical procedure known as analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to see whether group means are significantly different. This test can be used for how many group means?
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Two or more group means
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You have just used the statistical program called SPSS to calculate a 95% confidence interval and a 99% confidence interval. Which statement is true?
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The 95% interval will be narrower.
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Practical significance ______.
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Is considered when interpreting statistically significant results
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The theoretical probability distribution of all values of a statistic when all possible random samples are drawn from a population is known as a ______.
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Correct Answer:
Sampling distribution
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Which of the following symbols represents a population parameter?
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Correct Answer:
μ
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