Which distribution has a single peak, where the tail is on the right side, or upper end of the x-axis?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Positive skew distribution
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The ______ the value of ______, the stronger the correlation between items on the same measure.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Higher; Cronbach’s alpha
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A ______ is used to illustrate correlations graphically.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scatterplot
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The middle income in the United States is approximately $44,000. Which central tendency is used to measure income, and why?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The median because the income of outliers like billionaires will skew the data
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Which central tendency and scale of measurement should a researcher use to report the neighborhood their students live in?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mode; nominal scale
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Two language arts teachers administer the same end of the year exam. Teacher A’s class had an average of 78 with a standard deviation of 5. Teacher B’s class also had an average of 78 and a standard deviation of 12. Which best describes the results?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Teacher A’s students had less variance in her scores and were more closely gathered around the mean.
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A ______ is a ______ that converts a raw score into a score that tells you how many standard deviations a score is from the mean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Z-score; standard score
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In a normal distribution, how often should scores fall within one standard deviation of the sample mean?
Answer
Correct Answer:
68% of the time
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The ______ is a measure of variability for the average squared distance that scores in a sample deviate from the sample mean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sample variance
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The ______ is a measure of variability for the average squared distance that scores in a sample deviate from the sample mean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sample variance
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What is the median in the following set of numbers: 2, 6, 1, 7, 9?
Answer
Correct Answer:
6
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What is used to describe data that is normally distributed on an interval or ratio scale of measurement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mean
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If the results from a math exam are symmetrically distributed with an average grade of 50%, the distribution is ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Normally distributed
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When a frequency distribution has less information on the left tail, or lower end of the x-axis, and most scores lie to the right, the distribution is ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Negatively skewed
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When summarizing descriptive data in percentages, it is best to use ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pie charts
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Z score is a standard score that converts a raw score into a score that tells you how many _____ a score is from the mean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Standard deviation
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Variability ranges from_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
0-infinity
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Sum of squares means the sum of the _____ of scores from the mean and is the value placed in the numerator of the sample variance formula.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Squared deviations
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Standard score is one where the raw score is transformed into a normal frequency distribution with a specific_____ so that we can compare an individual’s score to other scores in the same peer group.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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A distribution of scores that includes outliers or scores that fall substantially above or below most other scores in a data set is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Skewed distribution
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A graphical display of discrete data points (x, y) used to summarize the relationship between two factors is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scatterplot
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A measure of variability for the average squared distance that scores in a sample deviate from the sample mean is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sample variance
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A measure of variability for the average distance that scores in a sample deviate from the sample mean and is computed by taking the square root of the sample variance is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sample standard deviation
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The sum of all scores (∑x) divided by the number of scores summed (n) in a sample or in a subset of scores selected from a larger population is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sample mean
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Is a distribution where the tail is on the right side or upper end of the x-axis and most of the scores lie at the lower end of the scale is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Positive skew distribution
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A graphical display in the shape of a circle that is used to summarize the relative percentage of discrete and categorical data into sectors is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pie chart
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Percentile rank is a standard score that converts the raw score to rank an individual’s performance in relation to many other individuals who scored _____ that same score.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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Normal distribution is a theoretical distribution with data that are symmetrically distributed around _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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_____ is a distribution where the tail is on the left side or lower end of the x-axis and most of the scores lie at the higher end of the scale.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Negative skew distribution
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The value in a data set that occurs most often or most frequently is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mode
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The middle value in a distribution of data listed in numeric order is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Median
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A graphical display used to summarize the frequency of continuous data that are distributed in numeric intervals using bars connected at the upper limits of each interval is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Histogram
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A tabular summary display for a distribution of data organized or summarized in terms of how often a category, score, or range of scores occurs is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Frequency distribution table
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A value that describes the number of times or how often a category, score, or range of scores occurs is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Frequency
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Empirical rule states that at least_____ % of data fall within one standard deviation of the mean.
Answer
Correct Answer:
68
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Descriptive statistics are typically presented as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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Degree of freedom for sample variance is _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
N-1
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A measure of internal consistency that estimates the average correlation for every possible way that a measure can be split in half is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cronbach’s alpha
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A measure of interrater reliability that estimates the level of agreement between two raters while taking into account the probability that the two raters agree by chance or error is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cohen’s kappa
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Statistical measures for locating a single score that tends to be near the center of a distribution and is most representative or descriptive of all scores in a distribution is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Central tendency
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A graphical display used to summarize the frequency of discrete and categorical data using bars to represent each frequency is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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A graphical display used to summarize the frequency of discrete and categorical data using bars to represent each frequency is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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Age/grade equivalent is a standard score that compares an individual’s score to the_____ scores of different age groups.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Average
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