A code of ethics for psychologists helps to do all of the following except __________.
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Correct Answer:
Establish public doubt
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Ethics is a discussion of how people __________ behave.
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Should
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______ is ethical approach that says judgments of the ethics of a study depend on the consequences the study has for the research participants and the benefits that might arise from the study
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Utilitarianism
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A quotation of 4 or more words, but fewer than 40, around which quotation marks are used is short quotation
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True
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Presenting one’s words as original when they have been used previously in another publication is self plagiarism
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True
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The document submitted to the IRB by the researcher for review is called
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Research protocol
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Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research or reporting research results is called
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Research misconduct
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A set of principles to guide and assist researchers in conducting ethical studies is called
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Research ethics
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Having control of others’ access to information about you is ______
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Privacy
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Using words or work produced by others and presenting it as your own is known as ______
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Plagiarism
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A process whereby consent is given by not returning the consent form is passive consent
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True
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Doing no harm to others is nonmaleficence
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True
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The institutional review committee that assesses the ethical acceptability of research proposals is known as
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Institutional review board
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Agreeing to participate in a study after being informed of its purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, alternative procedures, and limits of confidentiality is called
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Informed consent
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Review by all members of the IRB is full board review
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True
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A process by which a study is rapidly reviewed by fewer members than constitute the full IRB board is expedited review
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True
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Studies involving no risk to participants and not requiring full IRB review is ______ studies
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Exempt
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The principles and guidelines that help us uphold the things we value is called
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Ethics
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An ethical approach that says concrete and inviolate moral codes cannot be formulated but are a matter of individual conscience is ethical sketicism
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True
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Helping study participants deal with and eliminate any stress or other undesirable feelings that the study might have created is called
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Desensitizing
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An ethical approach that says ethical issues must be judged on the basis of some universal code is deontological approach.
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True
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Informing study participants about any deception that was used and the reasons for its use is called
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Dehoaxing
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Misleading or withholding information from the research participant is called
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Deception
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Debriefing is post study interview in which all aspects of the study are revealed, any reasons for deception are explained, and any questions the participant has about the study are answered.
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True
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Confidentiality is not revealing the identity of the participant to anyone other than the researcher and his or her staff
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True
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A quotation of 40 or more words using indented format is ______ quotation
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Block
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Acting for the benefit of others is ______
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Beneficence
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Agreeing to participate after being informed of all the features of the study that could affect the participant’s willingness to participate is called
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Assent
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Keeping the identity of the participant from everyone, including the researcher is called
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Anonymity
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Active consent is a process whereby consent is provided by signing a consent form
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True
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“Informed consent” means that before people agree to take part in a research study, they must be informed of ALL aspects of the study.
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False
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Fraudulent results are considered to be the most serious type of research misconduct.
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True
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A consent form should include a description of the statistical techniques to be used for data analysis.
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False
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The goal of debriefing is desensitizing and dehoaxing.
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True
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IRBs tend to rely mostly on a utilitarian approach to ethics.
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True
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Which of the following is information that should be included in a consent form, if it is applicable?
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Statement of the extent to which the results will not be kept confidential.
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Which of the following statements about the use of deception in research is true?
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The researcher should not use any more deception than needed to conduct a valid study.
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One of the difficult ethical issues to contend with when doing Internet research is the issue of obtaining informed consent and knowing when informed consent should be obtained. One of the thorny issues is determining what information is public and what information is private. Which of the following is definitely within the public domain and does not need informed consent?
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Information obtained from a television program aired over the Internet.
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When writing the research report, Jane thought that Dr. Turner’s summary of a prior study was presented in a very understandable way so she copied the summary and put it in her report. Immediately following the summary she put in a reference to Dr. Turner, which she assumed would tell the reader that she had taken the summary from that reference. In copying this summary, she has ______.
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Plagiarized
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IRB members review research proposals and they focus especially on ______.
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Correct Answer:
The ethical acceptability of the proposed research
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Passive consent occurs when ______.
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Parents give consent for their children by not returning the consent form
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Dr. Doe was investigating the reaction to fear-invoking stimuli in children aged 8–12 and obtained parental consent for children to participate. In addition to getting the parental consent, Dr. Doe gave each child information about the research study and asked if he or she would help by participating in the study. In asking the children whether they would participate, Dr. Doe obtained ______.
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The child’s assent
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The three major approaches to ethics ______.
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Differ in the criteria people use to make decisions
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What approach to ethics says that ethical issues must be judged on the basis of some universal code?
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Correct Answer:
Deontological approach
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Confidentiality is defined as ______.
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Correct Answer:
Participant responses not be shared with anyone outside the study staff
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