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Ethical Institutions MCQ

Personal computer ethics involves ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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____________ is a basic component of practitioner competence.

Answer

Correct Answer: Training

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______ occurs when one places too much emphasis on information that confirms one’s existing beliefs, while ignoring or dismissing disconfirming information.

Answer

Correct Answer: Confirmation bias

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A ______ is a belief that one has about an individual because that person belongs to a particular social category.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stereotype

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______ is the inclination to continue following a course of action because of a commitment to that course, even though continuing to follow the course will lead to negative outcomes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Escalation of commitment

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______ is the preference to maintain the current state of affairs even when a change of course should be considered.

Answer

Correct Answer: Status quo bias

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______ occurs when we attribute someone else’s behavior or performance to their internal characteristics while ignoring external factors.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fundamental attribution error

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Research shows the amount to which people cheat can increase with ______, or the distance between people physically, socially, or in time.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychological distance

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In Walter Mischel’s famous 1963 ______ experiments, children were offered an appetizing treat and told they could either eat it immediately or wait and have two portions later.

Answer

Correct Answer: Marshmallow

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Slow thinking is considered to be what system of decision making?

Answer

Correct Answer: System 2

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People use ______ thinking much less frequently than they do ______ thinking.

Answer

Correct Answer: Slow; fast

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Jonathan Haidt suggests that people make the Dalai Lama into a “rock star” not because of rational arguments but because of the ______ the Dalai Lama elicits to sympathize with victims of tragedies and be concerned with the plight of strangers.

Answer

Correct Answer: Emotions

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Stereotype is the cognitive bias in which one has a generalized belief about people of a particular social category.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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The cognitive bias in which one prefers to maintain the _____ of affairs even when a change of course should be considered.

Answer

Correct Answer: Current state

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Slow thinking is the thinking that is _____ ?

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Self interest is the motivation to take actions that benefit oneself.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Which one of the statements is not true for Integrated theory:

Answer

Correct Answer: Fast thinking occurs last

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Integrated theory is a theory that sees fast and slow thinking as originating from a _____ fast thinking occurs first and is predominant, and slow thinking justifies the decisions of fast thinking.

Answer

Correct Answer: Single System

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Heuristics are the decision making shortcuts or “rules of thumb,” found in _____ thinking.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both a and b

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In Fundamental attribution error,the cognitive bias in which one attributes another person’s _____ to their internal characteristics while ignoring external factors.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both a and b

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Fast thinking is also known as system 1 thinking.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Thinking that is _____ called Fast Thinking?

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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In Ethical intuitions,Intuitions take actions that detriment others.

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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Escalation of commitment is the cognitive bias in which one continues following a course of action because of a commitment to that course, even though continuing to follow the course will lead to _____ outcomes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Negative

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Dual process theory is a theory that proposes that _____ are separate and occur in different parts of the brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both a and b

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The cognitive bias in which one places too much emphasis on information that confirms one’s existing beliefs, while _____ disconfirming information.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Random errors that result in suboptimal decisions are known as Cognitive biases.

Answer

Correct Answer: Flase

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Which one of these is not included inCognitive Biases?

Answer

Correct Answer: Non confirmation bias

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