MCQs > Educational Subjects & Courses > Psychology MCQs > Introduction To Psychology MCQs

Introduction To Psychology MCQ

1. The prolongation of brain maturation in the young human is known as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Frontal cortex maturation.

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2. Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to shape desired behaviors.

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavior modification

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3. Generalization is to __________, whereas reductionism is to __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dentify general rules that govern behavior across multiple organisms; identify simple causes of complex behaviors

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4. Focal hand dystonia, sometimes called "musician's cramp", is caused by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Extreme overlap of cortical representation of the fingers

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5. The term "serotonin turnover" refers to the amount of serotonin that is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Released at synapses and resynthesized.

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6. Infants begin to purposefully use objects as tools by _______________ of age.

Answer

Correct Answer: 24 months

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7. Our long-term fuel reservoir contains ________ and is located in ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Triglycerides; fat cells

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8. One way to address the ________ aspect of test anxiety is to stop nonproductive self-talk.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cognitive

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9. The elderly show the greatest drop-off in cognitive abilities on items ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: That require speed and visual-spatial skills.

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10. Judgers prefer ________ while perceivers prefer ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Organization; spontaneity

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11. In women, iq has been shown to be highly correlated with ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The volume of gray matter in the right frontal lobe and Broca's area, and with the volume of white matter throughout the brain

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12. In comparing the dreams of men and women, researchers have found that generally ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Men's dreams more often involve cars, weapons, tools, and sex

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13. In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) ________ level of tension.

Answer

Correct Answer: Optimal

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14. In addition to coordinating voluntary movement, the ________ enables nonverbal learning and memory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cerebellum

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15. In the experimental method, the _____ is sometimes referred to as the treatment.

Answer

Correct Answer: Independent variable

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16. In order to be substantiated child maltreatment, _____ must be verified by the authorities.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abuse or neglect

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17. People are more likely to be persuaded by a message delivered by someone ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: With whom they share some similarity

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18. The conversion of sensory information into coded neural signals is called ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Transduction

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19. The brain reduces an older person's awareness of sensory losses by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Automatically filling in the missed sights and sounds.

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20. Our eyes don't adapt completely to a repeated visual stimulus because ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Eye movements called micro saccades cause the stimulus image to vibrate

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21. Ouch! a paper cut! the sharp sting travels along ________ pain fibers, which are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fast; myelinated

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22. Organisms that help those they recognize as capable of returning the favor are displaying ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reciprocal altruism

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23. Operationism means that a concept ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Must be defined in logical terms

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24. Ones accumulated knowledge (e.g., of general psychology data) would highlight___intelligence.

Answer

Correct Answer: Crystallized

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25. One way to ensure less sample bias is to select a(n) _____ sample.

Answer

Correct Answer: Representative/random

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26. One vret program for treating spider phobias is called ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: SpiderWorld

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27. The best way to avoid groupthink is to encourage ______________ within an organization.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dissent

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28. The fact that we crawl before we walk is an example of _______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: . maturation.

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29. The fact that groups can be powerful catalysts for ____________ means that they can also be risky.

Answer

Correct Answer: Personal change

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30. Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective.

Answer

Correct Answer: Evolutionary; behavioral

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31. In bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, the _____ refers to the interactions among systems

Answer

Correct Answer: Mesosystem

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32. In albert banduras social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

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33. In english, most _____ are combinations of two or more phonemes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Morphemes

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34. In psychoanalytic theory, the id has __________ as a main goal.

Answer

Correct Answer: Obtaining pleasure

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35. In memory, _____ is an account of an event that has been pieced together from a few highlights.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reconstruction

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36. There are generally thought to be _____ naturally occurring emotions that are present from birth.

Answer

Correct Answer: Seven

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37. Typically, when a person misses their regular sleep, they begin to accumulate a(n) __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sleep debt

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38. Those who have experienced night terrors will usually __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Have anxiety about going back to sleep after an incident

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39. A nightmare differs from a night terror in that generally the subject remembers __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: A nightmare, but not a night terror episode

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40. When a person is awake and alert an eeg will produce _____ waves.

Answer

Correct Answer: Beta

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41. A persons willingness to respond to a particular stimulus is called __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Response criteria

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42. Empirical research reveals that on average, people spend about _____ of their time daydreaming.

Answer

Correct Answer: 10%.

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43. Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Serious injury and violent death

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44. Elsa is having an orgasm. she is in the _________ stage of the erotic stimulus pathway theory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Surrender

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45. Electroencephalographs (eegs) of individuals in stage 1 sleep are characterized by _____ waves.

Answer

Correct Answer: Theta

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46. The topic of ethics is most closely associated with the _____ perspective.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stakeholder

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47. Those with intellectual disability have an iq level of ____and below.

Answer

Correct Answer: 70

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48. A key gene in addiction controls comt, an enzyme that breaks down ____ after its release.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dopamine

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49. A freudian slip is a speech or hearing error that freud claimed revealed someones __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unconscious thoughts

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50. A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Figure; ground

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51. A distinctive feature of itch is that it relies on ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unusually slow axons

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52. A disadvantage of the contraceptive sponge is it _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Is less effective in preventing pregnancy than some other methods

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53. A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives

Answer

Correct Answer: Genetics

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54. A child's achievement seems more influenced by _____ in the united states than in other nations.

Answer

Correct Answer: Income and ethnicity

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55. A child who calls any man with a moustache daddy is demonstrating the principle of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Overextension

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56. A child that is not stimulated with a normal environment is likely to show ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fewer neural synapses compared to a stimulated child

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57. A change in attitudes in response to information provided by another person is called ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Persuasion

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58. A bystander is most likely to help if he or she is ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: The only person around

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59. A bright child's _____ age is considerably above his or her _____ age.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mental; chronological

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60. The ape in our house was written by _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: C. Hayes

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61. ____________ is the best-known example of neuroplasticity.

Answer

Correct Answer: Synaptogenesis

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62. _____ learning occurs without reinforcement.

Answer

Correct Answer: Latent

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63. _____ is/are evolved biological tendencies that predispose animals' behavior and learning.

Answer

Correct Answer: Biological constraints

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64. _____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Answer

Correct Answer: Preparedness

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65. _____ is the most common reason people seek mental health services.

Answer

Correct Answer: Depression

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66. _____ involves reinterpreting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.

Answer

Correct Answer: Euphemistic labeling

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67. _____ intelligence is defined as the ability to use your active mind to solve novel problems.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fluid

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68. _____ drugs are drugs that influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychoactive

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69. _____ considered guided participation important and thought of learning as a collaborative process.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vygotsky

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70. In a typical classical conditioning experiment by pavlov, a buzzer or tone serves as a(n) ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Neutral stimulus that becomes a conditioned stimulus.

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71. Birds appear to be biologically predisposed to develop aversions to the ________ of tainted food.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sight

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72. At _____, childrens vocabularies consist of more than three but less than fifty words.

Answer

Correct Answer: 18 months

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73. Asperger syndrome is a specific type of autistic ______ disorder.

Answer

Correct Answer: Spectrum

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74. _____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive illusions

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75. ____ is often called america's greatest philosopher.

Answer

Correct Answer: William James

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76. The mcgurk effect illustrates the importance of ___________ on speech perception.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vision

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77. When a double-blind study is not possible, an acceptable alternative may be a ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: A masked design

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78. Strong manipulations are used to ________ the effect of the ________ variable.

Answer

Correct Answer: Maximize; independent

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79. When you take aspirin to remove a headache, the removal of pain is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Negative Reinforcement

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80. Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.

Answer

Correct Answer: Antidepressant

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81. With increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Be modified

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82. When novices close their eyes when trying a somersault, _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Their performance is not degraded as much as is the performance of experts

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83. Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior

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84. Tinnitus is a phantom ________ sensation.

Answer

Correct Answer: Auditory

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85. The relationship between neurons and glia is similar to the relationship between ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Racecar drivers and their pit crews

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86. The reference page should place the title references __________ at the top of the page.

Answer

Correct Answer: Running head

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87. The ratio of reported maltreatment cases to substantiated maltreatment cases is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 3:1

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88. The quality of resilience is dynamic, which means that it _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: May change over time

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89. The process of encoding low frequencies of sound is called ________ coding.

Answer

Correct Answer: Temporal

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90. The most significant public impact of watson's varied undertakings was to ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Transform childrearing practices

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91. The mental process of forming concepts is an example of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cognition

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92. The key to hypnotic induction seems to be related to ________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: State of suggestibility

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93. The greatest secretion of growth hormone occurs during _____ sleep

Answer

Correct Answer: Stage 4

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94. The grammatical structure "a unless b" is a logically equivalent to __________

Answer

Correct Answer: A or B.

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95. The gestalt principle of ________ distinguishes patterns from their back grounds.

Answer

Correct Answer: Figure-ground

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96. The _______________ is involved in aggressive attack, predation, and regulation of pain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Periaqueductal gray

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97. The ________ technique could be used to trace axons that are afferent to the injected region.

Answer

Correct Answer: Retrograde labeling

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98. Synaptic pruning means that unused __________ is(are) being removed in the brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Neurons

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99. Sleep stages 1-4 are termed ________, whereas stages 3-4 are referred to as ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Non-REM sleep; slow-wave sleep

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100. Sisu does not involve __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Disregarding goals when faced with repeated failures

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101. Object relations theorists emphasize the ____ influences on personality

Answer

Correct Answer: Social and environmental.

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102. Moving a limb to the body is _________ whereas moving a limb away from the body is ______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Flexion; contraction

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103. Most infants begin cooing about 6-8 ____ after birth.

Answer

Correct Answer: Weeks

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104. Most efforts to study the effects of genetics on personality use ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The twin study method

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105. Morphine is considered a(n) ________ drug because it decreases pain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Opioid

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106. More than _____ percent of women with children work.

Answer

Correct Answer: Disagreements

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107. Medial deviation of one or both eyes is known as ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Strabismus.

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108. Mary thinks that she is a good person. this observation reflects mary's _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self- efficacy

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109. Mania, unlike many other disorders, actually ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increases productive, goal-directed behavior

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110. A(n) __________ is a paragraph-length summary of the methods and major findings of an experiment.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abstract

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111. From a phenomenological perspective, to understand another person, you must understand ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: That persons construals

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112. Xanax and ativan are ________ drugs

Answer

Correct Answer: Antianxiety.

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113. Wundt's doctrine of apperception was also known as the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Law of psychic resultants

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114. Functionalism was an intentional protest of the limitations of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Wundt's experimentalism and Titchener's structuralism

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115. Concurrent with the rise of gestalt psychology, the zeitgeist in physics was embracing ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Field theory

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116. Following a spinal cord injury, formation of the ____ prevents neuronal regeneration in the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Glial scar, central nervous system

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117. Twin studies and studies of adopted children allow behavioral geneticists to research the _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Relative contributions of genes and environment.

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118. Food deprivation is to ________ as hunger is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Need; drive

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119. When decoding a task, remember that all terms and phrases go with the ____________ learning pattern

Answer

Correct Answer: Precision

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120. The ________ technique overstimulates neurons, killing them and creating a lesion.

Answer

Correct Answer: Kainic acid

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121. When a criterion is missing information that is part of the behavior being measured, _____ occurs.

Answer

Correct Answer: Criterion deficiency*

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122. Newborns show an innate preference for looking at faces. this preference ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Provides advantages in social behavior and language learning

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123. Endel tulving said that _____ memories have to do with knowledge of the world.

Answer

Correct Answer: Semantic

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124. Everything you think you know about your traits and abilities resides in the ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Declarative self

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125. Enclosed within axons are ____, which are hollow spheres containing ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vesicles; chemical messengers.

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126. Studies on mood and persuasion indicate that ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: People are more likely to be affected by a persuasive message when they are in a good mood

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127. Smoking, overeating, high blood pressure, and ________ strongly predict heart disease.

Answer

Correct Answer: Type a behavior

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128. If a treatment suddenly lowered your serotonin level ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: We could not predict how and when your behavior would change

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129. If a test is valid, then its scores will be useful in _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Predicting the test-taker's behavior in a similar situation

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130. If _____ transmission is blocked, we are paralyzed.

Answer

Correct Answer: ACh

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131. From 1965 to 2013, women went from 9 percent to _____ percent of u.s. medical students.

Answer

Correct Answer: 47

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132. For a person to remember a piece of information, _____ processes must function properly.

Answer

Correct Answer: 3

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133. For _____ especially, sex is more satisfying if they are in a committed relationship.

Answer

Correct Answer: Women

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134. Escape from a punishing event is a ________ reinforcer.

Answer

Correct Answer: Negative

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135. Control of the emotional content of speech depends on ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The right hemisphere

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136. Comparing the two types of concepts, logical is to ______ as natural is to ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Clear; fuzzy

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137. Chronically high insulin levels lead to increased appetite by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Causing a high percentage of available glucose to be stored as fat

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138. Children who have mastered ___________ have learned when and how to express emotions.

Answer

Correct Answer: Emotional regulation

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139. Chemicals known as ____ and ____ guide neuron migration.

Answer

Correct Answer: Immunoglobulins; chemokines

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140. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, relieve pain by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reducing the release of chemicals from damaged tissues

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141. An individual with damage to the primary somatosensory cortex would most have problems with ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ability to locate where they are being touched

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142. After a loud noise, information travels from the medulla to the ____, and then to the neck muscles.

Answer

Correct Answer: Pons

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143. Adolescents develop ____ reasoning, which allows them to find weaknesses in arguments.

Answer

Correct Answer: ​logical

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144. According to freud, anxiety is typically the result of the control of the _____ being threatened.

Answer

Correct Answer: Super ego

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145. ____ is a neurotransmitter that participates in movement, planning, and reward.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dopamine

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146. Mature-age women in college tend to __________ than mature-age men.

Answer

Correct Answer: Experience more interruptions in their academic programs

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147. On average, we are able to remember about __________________ of what we hear.

Answer

Correct Answer: 25%.

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148. Negative reinforcement is _____ the same as punishment.

Answer

Correct Answer: Always mostly sometimes never.

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149. Middle adolescence is characterized by __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Feelings of invincibility

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150. The origins of gambling are ________ years old

Answer

Correct Answer: 7,000.

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151. Hunger, arousal, and achievement are three basic _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Motives

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152. The test-retest and split-half methods are used to determine a test's _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reliability

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153. The somatosensory cortex serves as the leading edge of the ____ lobe.

Answer

Correct Answer: Parietal

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154. Researcher george vaillant found that _____________ is/are what really matter(s) in life.

Answer

Correct Answer: Relationships with other people

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155. A rat that is raised in an enriched versus a deprived environment typically develops _____ .

Answer

Correct Answer: A thicker cerebral cortex

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156. Memories in our unconscious that affect performance and behavior are known as __________ memories.

Answer

Correct Answer: Implicit

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157. Medias impact on learning is __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both positive and negative

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158. Women on the average have a greater density of neurons in part of the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Temporal lobe

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159. With the removal of the ovaries, a woman's natural ________ level drops.

Answer

Correct Answer: Testosterone

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160. Today, most psychologists take _____ approach to human development.

Answer

Correct Answer: An interactionist

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161. To begin using your learning patterns intentionally, it is important to __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reread your textbook until you have memorized the bold terms

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162. The strongest evidence for a critical period for human language development is the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Difficulty deaf children have learning sign language if they start late

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163. Researcher observes and counts the number of time the baby smiles. this is a ________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ratio scale

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164. When we respond to a stimulus as a creator we are likely to ______________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Seek solutions; Take an action; Try something new

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165. The vast, interconnected network of all of the neurons in your body comprises your ________ system.

Answer

Correct Answer: Nervous

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166. The term _____ refers to the co-occurrence of both pleasant and unpleasant emotions.

Answer

Correct Answer: Emotional complexity

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167. The target stores' "bulls-eye" logo is an example of a _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Logos

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168. The process of remembering something by repeatedly thinking of it is known as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Rehearsal

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169. The ________ , present in infants, is an example of a built-in, unlearned fear.

Answer

Correct Answer: Moro reflex

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170. Most peoples _____ level peaks before noon, making this the time they are likely to be most _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Cortisol; alert.

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171. With regard to developmental themes, your text emphasizes ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The interactions between nature and nurture

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172. When the axons of healthy neurons adjacent to damaged cells grow new branches, _____ has occurred.)collateral

Answer

Correct Answer: Collateral sprouting

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173. Watson's contribution to the method of objective testing was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: To argue that the subjects' responses were under the stimulus control of the test items

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174. Watson chose to pursue research with white rats, he said, because he ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Wanted to maintain a close association with biology

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175. Universal norms are to _______ as culture-specific norms are to _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Nature; nurture

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176. Today, about 10 percent of adults in great britain and the united states claim to be _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Left-handed

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177. The results of several studies of facial expressions in people who were born blind suggest ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A major role for genetics as well as environment

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178. The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as ________ is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer

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179. The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: ​are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep

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180. The recognition that two different stimuli call for two different responses is known as ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Discrimination

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181. The processing of the self in the brain takes place primarily in ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A widely distributed network of brain structures

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182. The need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is called ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Physical dependence

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183. The millon clinical multiaxial inventory-iv (mcmi-iv) emphasizes _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Personality disorders

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184. The method of loci, outlines, and acronyms are all examples of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Pnuemonic devices

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185. The major theme of physical and cognitive development in midlife is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stability

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186. The light energy from an object is _______ into neural energy that can be interpreted by the brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Transduced

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187. The left side of the brain notices details, while the right side grasps _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The details; the big picture

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188. The information processing approach is to the connectionist approach as ________ is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Serial; parallel.

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189. The increased activity of the amygdala is a reason that young children experience _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Frightening nightmares

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190. The immune system's way of telling the brain that the body is ill is by way of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cytokines

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191. The flynn effect is most likely due to the result of changes in _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Education and nutrition.

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192. The flow of ____ ions across the membrane is controlled by the gabaa complex

Answer

Correct Answer: Potassium.

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193. The first person to de-condition a learned fear was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Jones

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194. Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of certain ________ drugs.

Answer

Correct Answer: Antipsychotic

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195. States of tension or arousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned are called _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary drives

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196. Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. however, ________ occurs worldwide.

Answer

Correct Answer: Schizophrenia

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197. Similar to depressed patients, bipolar patients may benefit from a change in their ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sleep schedule

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198. Scott argued that consumers ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Are not rational beings

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199. Scientists study sleep in sleep labs using _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: EEG recordings

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200. One objection to the use of the one-mate strategy in women is that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: In some cases, having multiple sex partners can result in more offspring.

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201. One criticism of watson was that his strict objectivity ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Was hard to achieve.

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202. On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear ________ it does on a bright sunny day.

Answer

Correct Answer: Equally as yellow as.

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203. Night terrors can be distinguished from nightmares in that night terrors ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Occur during NREM sleep.

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204. Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in blood pressure and a(n) ________ in pain sensitivity.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increase; decrease

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205. Neurotransmitters have distinct molecular shapes; so do the _____ they bind to.

Answer

Correct Answer: Receptors.

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206. Neurotransmitters are packaged in sacs called ___________ in the terminal button.

Answer

Correct Answer: Synaptic vesicles.

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207. Neurons localized within the ________ control the secretion of glucocorticoids.

Answer

Correct Answer: Posterior pituitary

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208. Motives address the fundamental question of the _____ of behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Why

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209. Most people today sleep between _____ hours each night.

Answer

Correct Answer: 7-8

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210. Most nerves produce and release _______, chemicals that convey information between nerves.

Answer

Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters

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211. Most infants begin babbling about 3-4 ____ after birth.

Answer

Correct Answer: Months hours weeks days

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212. Morphine, heroin, and codeine are effective because they imitate the action of our natural ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Endorphins

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213. Morphine and other opiate drugs decrease sensitivity to pain by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mimicking the effects of endorphins at the synapses

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214. Morphine and heroin duplicate the action of ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Endorphins

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215. Modern psychology emerged from philosophy approximately ____ years ago.

Answer

Correct Answer: 200

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216. Moderate levels of stress, such as meeting new friends, have been shown to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Be beneficial, as long as supportive moderators are available.

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217. Milgram's research suggests that _____ factors are most important when it comes to obedience.

Answer

Correct Answer: Situational

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218. Maximizing _____ cues is a good way to improve your memory of something.

Answer

Correct Answer: Retrieval

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219. Marcia is described as a good stress manager because she ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Accepts her limitations.

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220. Low levels of arousal lead to _____ and high levels of arousal lead to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reduced behavior efficiency; reduced behavior efficiency

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221. Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Narcolepsy

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222. Learning to drive a car is an example of _____ that becomes _____ over time.

Answer

Correct Answer: Explicit learning; implicit

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223. Learning reflects _____. maturation reflects _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Nurture, nature.

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224. Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of _____ prevention.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary.

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225. Lateralization refers to the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Functional asymmetries of the brain.

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226. Language has been defined as a system for communicating thoughts and feelings using ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Arbitrary signals such as voice sounds, gestures

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227. Khler's research on tenerife ____

Answer

Correct Answer: Was analyzes based solely.

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228. Khler argued that trial-and-error learning ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation

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229. Knowledge of the internal aspects of oneself is termed as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Intrapersonal intelligence

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230. Keller and marion breland are known for their article, _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Prepared to learn

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231. Katy has red hair. when other people see katy, they assume she has a temper. this illustrates ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stereotype

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232. A(n) _____ inventory asks about how one would act with others in a variety of situations.

Answer

Correct Answer: Social skills

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233. The place theory of perception is analogous to tones produced by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stringed instruments

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234. The psychologist who believed that learned behavior could be inherited was _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: McDougall.

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235. The placebo effect best illustrates the importance of _____________ in therapeutic outcomes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive expectation

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236. An obsession is a ________, while a compulsion is a ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Thought; behavior

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237. In a case study, a researcher is most likely to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Conduct an in-depth study of a single research project

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238. Humans localize low frequencies by ____ differences and high frequencies by ____ differences.

Answer

Correct Answer: Phase; loudness

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239. The singular thing or event that catches ones attention is called __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stimulus.

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240. There is compelling evidence for the role of the hippocampus in ____ memory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Spatial

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241. Experts have singled out three primary culprits for the anger epidemic: time, tension, and _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Technology

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242. Experimental research requires that the responses of _____ group(s) be examined.

Answer

Correct Answer: At least two

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243. According to dr. hans selye, the third stage of the "stress triad" is known as the ________ stage.

Answer

Correct Answer: Exhaustion

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244. A skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Operant conditioning

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245. A set of connected ideas support by examples is a(an) ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Argument

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246. A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Valid

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247. A predictor variable is generally analogous to a(n) ________ variable in the experimental method.

Answer

Correct Answer: Independent

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248. A potential treatment for jet lag is to administer ________ at ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Melatonin; bedtime

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249. A person with broca's aphasia ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Recognizes that something is wrong with grammatically incorrect sentences

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250. A perfect correlation, whether positive or negative, is ________ in the real world.

Answer

Correct Answer: Very unlikely to occur

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251. A neuron may have thousands of _____, but can have only one _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dendrites; axon

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252. A mild degree of pain releases the neurotransmitter ____. a more intense pain also releases ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Glutamate, substance P

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253. Hearing a tone for a split second after the tone has stopped is an example of ____ memory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Echoic

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254. Harry and martha frank found that on barrier problems dogs did not perform as well as _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Wolves

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255. Giftedness is an extreme of intelligence defined as having an iq score of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 130 or above

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256. Ghrelin is associated with ____ in the periphery and ____ in the brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stomach contractions; excitation of the arcuate nucleus

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257. From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as i see.

Answer

Correct Answer: 18 to 24

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258. Consciousness is defined in your text as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: An awareness of oneself and one's surroundings

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259. Compared with boys, girls are more likely to play in ________ groups.

Answer

Correct Answer: Small

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260. After his surgery, h.m. had the most difficulty with ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: ​being able to define new English words

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261. After his dismissal from johns hopkins, watson ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Published for the American public through popular media

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262. According to your text, some researchers believe autism may be due to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Corpus callosum

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263. According to the text, the emotions that we feel __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Can sometimes make us feel good when we are humiliated

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264. About half of children whose parents divorce will have a stepparent within _____ years.

Answer

Correct Answer: 4

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265. A major theme of freud's system, borrowed from darwin, was the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Importance of the sex drive throughout life

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266. A litmus test for cult organizations is that _____ is/are part of the structure.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abuse

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267. A limitation of the experimental method is that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Participants know that they are in a research study and may vary their behavior accordingly

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268. ________ are habitual targets of displaced aggression.

Answer

Correct Answer: Scapegoats

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269. Excessive cost and time required to implement and maintain is characteristic of ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Activity-based costing

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270. Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Tympanic membrane.

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271. The word blanket has _____ phoneme(s) and _____ morpheme(s).

Answer

Correct Answer: Seven; twoc

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272. The primary reason older people receive less neural input is that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Their senses decline, reducing the sensory input

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273. Some dementias, including _____, begin with impaired motor control.

Answer

Correct Answer: Parkinson's disease

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274. According to the drive-reduction theory, we are pushed by our _____ and pulled by our _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Needs; incentives

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275. According to the old model of parent-adolescent relationships, _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence

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276. The principle of auditory grouping called ________ is responsible for melody schema.

Answer

Correct Answer: Experience

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277. To avoid rear wheel traction loss on a slippery surface ____________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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278. Thorndike's law of effect is most similar to _____'s concept of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Skinner; positive reinforcement

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279. Titchener's view of the field of psychology was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Too limited to embrace new work and dimensions

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280. Action potentials move along axons _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: More rapidly in myelinated than in non-myelinated axons

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281. A(n) _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings.

Answer

Correct Answer: Conditioned response

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282. Facebook, linkedin, and twitter are examples of ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Social media providers

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283. Cultivation theory argues that media _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Immersion enculturates people into shared beliefs about the world

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284. Carl rogers maintained that the one basic tendency for humans is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Maintain and enhance life

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285. Alfred adlers theory is called _____ because of its emphasis on the uniqueness of the person.

Answer

Correct Answer: Individual psychology

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286. According to yalom, __________ is a necessary precondition for effective group therapy.

Answer

Correct Answer: Group cohesiveness

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287. _____ is the neurotransmitter most closely linked to learning that certain behaviors are rewarding.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dopamine

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288. In order for reinforcers to be effective a(n) ______ state must exist for that reinforcer.

Answer

Correct Answer: Deprivation

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289. Asking women for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Answer

Correct Answer: Variable-ratio

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290. Job satisfaction has a _____ correlation with counterproductive behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Moderate negative

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291. Afterimages are best explained by the _____ processing theory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Opponent

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292. Nicotine activates the same brain areas as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cocaine

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293. An ________ is a stimulus that indicates that a particular behavior will be reinforced.

Answer

Correct Answer: SD

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294. _____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

Answer

Correct Answer: Parental sensitivity

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295. High achievers prefer job situations with ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Personal responsibility and feedback

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296. Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.

Answer

Correct Answer: Low negative affect

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297. Cattell's taxonomy included _____ traits.

Answer

Correct Answer: 16

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298. As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Show less commitment to their organizations

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299. Allison chewie felt she was always pressed for time; she was feeling ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Time poverty

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300. A manager with a theory x view of human nature would ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Be unlikely to allow workers to work independently

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301. A brand community is an example of a(n) _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary group

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302. ________ emphasizes motivating the worker through the characteristics of the job itself.

Answer

Correct Answer: Job Enrichment

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303. ______ is designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings.

Answer

Correct Answer: Programmed conflict

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304. _____ pertain(s) to the personal gratification consumers associate with the product or service.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychological needs

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305. A way for sm companies to monetize their application, service, or content is through the ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Freemium revenue model

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306. According to dweck, the best parenting advice one can give to help children succeed is ________

Answer

Correct Answer: Constructively criticize and link with praise for effort

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307. Bandura conducted a classic study known as the "bobo" doll study. the term bobo refers to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: The type of inflatable doll that was used in the study

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308. Damage to the frontal lobes, such as that suffered by phineas gage, reliably produces ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Impulsivity and poor judgment

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309. Allen, who has a drug addiction problem, is most likely to be successfully treated by ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavior therapy

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310. _____ is utilized when an individual conjures up a sensory experience in their own mind.

Answer

Correct Answer: Imagery

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311. According to spencer, the universe operates in accord with ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The principle of the survival of the fittest

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312. Creating and managing content is part of the ________ component from the five components of smis.

Answer

Correct Answer: Procedures

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313. _____ is an individual's characteristic response tendencies across similar situations.

Answer

Correct Answer: Motivation

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314. The behavioral perspective is to ________ as the psychodynamic perspective is to

Answer

Correct Answer: Learning; unconscious processes.

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315. According to freud, _____ is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism.

Answer

Correct Answer: Repression

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316. __________ can be incurred when the actions of supervisors are the cause for harm.

Answer

Correct Answer: Direct liability

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317. _____'s work is the basis for conflict theory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Karl Marx

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318. Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as _____ disorder.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cyclothymic

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319. Carl rogers, a leading humanist, developed the approach of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Client-centered therapy

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320. _____ offers medication and other biological treatments.

Answer

Correct Answer: Address psychological

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321. The humanistic perspective represents a reaction to both the _____ and the ______ views.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychoanalytic; behavioral

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322. The dorsal auditory stream terminates in the ________ and is involved in ________ .

Answer

Correct Answer: Posterior parietal cortex; sound localization

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323. Securely attached infants tend to show ____ when reunited with a caregiver.

Answer

Correct Answer: A need for an extended interaction

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324. The _____ includes the cerebral cortex and several structures beneath it.

Answer

Correct Answer: Forebrain

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325. In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: The inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function

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326. The ______________ is to sensory input as an old-fashioned switchboard was to telephone calls.

Answer

Correct Answer: Thalamus

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327. Individuals who believe they control their own fates display an _____ locus of control.

Answer

Correct Answer: Internal

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328. The new discipline of psychology was the product of the union of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Philosophy and physiology

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329. For titchener, distinct sensations combined with others to form ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Perceptions and ideas

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330. A graph illustrating the pressure and volume changes during one heartbeat is called the __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cardiac cycle

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331. For brentano, the primary research method was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Observation

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332. A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

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333. One of the most famous projective tests is the rorschach inkblot test, which is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: More widely used than the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

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334. Rescorla's modern concept of classical conditioning is based on the idea that _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Information about the coming of the UCS.

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335. According to erikson's theory, the dominant crisis of adolescence concerns _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Establishing an identity

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336. Parasuicide refers to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A suicide attempt that does not end in death

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337. ________ is not a benefit of flextime.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reduced absenteeism

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338. Paychecks and course grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fixed-ratio.

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339. The kind of generalization your text focuses on is ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Response generalization

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340. To measure forgetting, ebbinghaus used the ____________ method.

Answer

Correct Answer: Relearning

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341. The ventral auditory stream terminates in the ________ and is involved in ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Posterior parietal cortex; sound localization

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342. The state we are in when we are awake and reasonably alert is called ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Altered state of consciousness

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343. The reappearance of previously effective behavior during extinction is called ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Spontaneous recovery

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344. Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school.

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345. Self-disclosure is most likely to occur _____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: During one-on-one conversations.

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346. Infants by age ___ months will imitate acts modeled on television.

Answer

Correct Answer: Similar,successful, admirable

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347. The famous bobo doll research was conducted by _____ and showed the power of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Albert bandura, observational learning

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348. Benzedrine, methedrine, and dexedrine are all ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

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349. Unlike jean piaget, lev vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a __________ process.

Answer

Correct Answer: Socially mediated.

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350. In drive theory, inborn is to ______ as experience is to ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Biological drives; primary drives.

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351. The more ________ a society is, the more respect is accorded to its elderly adults.

Answer

Correct Answer: Collectivistic.

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352. Research shows that _____ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome.

Answer

Correct Answer: The quality of the client's participation

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353. Preschoolers often have trouble tying their shoelaces because they have inadequate _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fine motor skills

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354. For most people, money and praise are _____ reinforcers.

Answer

Correct Answer: Secondary

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355. For girls, menarche is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A girl's first menstrual period

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356. According to baddeley and hitch, ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Short-term memory itself has different forms.

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357. According to kohlberg _____ is what advances a person's morality.

Answer

Correct Answer: Age.

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358. _____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.

Answer

Correct Answer: Egoism

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359. Paid obituaries in newspapers and roadside memorials illustrate the fact that mourners _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sometimes want strangers to know about a death

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360. People in stage 4 (n4) sleep ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sleep apnea

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361. Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all of the following except _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Previous friendships

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362. People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods.

Answer

Correct Answer: Novel.

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363. Emotional disgust is to emotional delight as ________ is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Right prefrontal cortex activation; left prefrontal cortex activation.

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364. Feelings of hunger are ________ by high levels of pyy and ________ by high levels of leptin.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increased; decreased.

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365. Over the next decade, the employment of fitness works is expected to increase by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 25%

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366. Your text defines family therapy as a psychological treatment that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Attempts to change maladaptive interaction patterns among family members

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367. Windigo psychosis is an example of a _____ mental disorder.

Answer

Correct Answer: Culture-bound

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368. Whereas psychotherapists generally ____, psychiatrists ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cannot prescribe medications; can prescribe medications

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369. When child culture conflicts with adult morality, children will _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Align themselves with their peers

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370. To solve a problem in his or her special area, the expert is more likely than the novice to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Rely on past experiences

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371. The newest antipsychotics are called _____ antipsychotics.

Answer

Correct Answer: Atypical.

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372. The most extreme, final form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Suicide

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373. Researchers have discovered that people who are under chronic stress tend to have _____ telomeres.

Answer

Correct Answer: Shortened.

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374. Narcolepsy occurs when ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Bruxism

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375. In western culture, viewing the deceased as a role model is seen as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A continuing bond

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376. In problem solving, the term rule of thumb refers to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Heuristics

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377. In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: CS; US

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378. Immanuel kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.

Answer

Correct Answer: Phlegmatic

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379. Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep

Answer

Correct Answer: Disinhibitor.

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380. Cocaine is detectible in urine for about ______________ after administration.

Answer

Correct Answer: Two to three days.

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381. Center-based day care is common in countries like france, israel, and china, where _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is heavily subsidized by the governments.

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382. Believers in the information-processing model of memory are likely to agree that ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Studying computers can give you useful insight.

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383. As in early adulthood, __________ tend to be emotionally closest during middle adulthood.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sister-sister bonds

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384. After the children are grown, most married couples _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Spend longer hours at work.

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385. Across cultures, a result of near-death experiences is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: An increased fear of death

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386. According to wundt, there were two elementary forms of experience, namely ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sensation and feelings.

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387. A person will often take a barbiturate as a ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sleep aid

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388. ________ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract.

Answer

Correct Answer: Acetlycholine

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389. _____ is to easygoing as _____ is to moody.

Answer

Correct Answer: Agreeableness; neuroticism.

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390. Twin and adoption studies have found that biology has _____ influence on temperament.

Answer

Correct Answer: A moderate.

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391. The puzzle box is traditionally associated with the work of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Thorndike

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392. The primary reason older people receive less input into their brains is that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Their senses decline, reducing the sensory input

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393. The different periods in freud's theory of the developing personality are called ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychosexual stages

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394. Rollo may sees __________ as being a fundamental aspect of human existence.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anxiety

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395. Rescorla found that the cs must _________ the ucs for conditioning to take place.

Answer

Correct Answer: Predict

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396. Consistent with james's views, pavlov argued that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychology was not yet a science.

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397. Cognitive control can be observed as early as____________________

Answer

Correct Answer: Infancy

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398. As individuals get older, they describe _____ possible selves and portray them in more _____ ways.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fewer; concrete

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399. A sample that ________ is most likely to yield generalizable results.

Answer

Correct Answer: Is large and randomly selected.

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400. A person's macrosystem includes _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Political processes.

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401. Sensitivity to _____ sounds usually declines first among _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: High-pitched; women

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402. Samuel is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. samuel is high in _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Neuroticism

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403. Our sense of taste works when food molecules are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dissolvedin a liquid solution.presented

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404. Only _____% of lymphocytes are in circulation at any one time.

Answer

Correct Answer: 2%

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405. Nicotine activates neural mechanisms similar to those activated by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cocaine

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406. Damage to the amygdala can impair recognition of ________ but not ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Facial emotion expression; recognition of emotion using tone of voice

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407. Behavioral therapies use applications of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Direct intentionalism.

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408. An approach to learning termed ____ was developed by thorndike.

Answer

Correct Answer: Connectionism

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409. All of the following beliefs reflect cognitive flexibility except _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Life plans are static

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410. According to retrieval failure theory, memories stored in ltm are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Never really forgotten.

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411. According to piaget, the sensorimotor stage begins at _____ and ends at about age _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Birth ; 2 years

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412. A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Implicit

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413. A prediction that comes true because people believe it is called _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A self-fulfilling prophecy.

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414. A marked decrease in brain processing and memory in some older adults may be attributed to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Inadequate control processes

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415. Jenna tickles her 5-year-old son. this sensory input is first translated into ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haptic code

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416. Implicit memory formation involves the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cerebellum

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417. _____ is characterized by excessive worry and unease concerning multiple aspects of life.

Answer

Correct Answer: Generalized anxiety disorder.

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418. Melatonin is to ________ as an aspirin is to ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Insomnia; headache.

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419. All of watson?s methods are based on the concept of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Observation

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420. In the treatment of long-standing self-injurious behavior, punishment is often ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ineffective

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421. Selective attention is _____, whereas divided attention is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Focusing on one thing; focusing on many things

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422. Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation.

Answer

Correct Answer: Attribution.

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423. In the final scene of fat pig, helen __________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Exoenzymes

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424. In the context of the structure of the eye, the axons of the ganglion cells make up the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Optic nerve

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425. With sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fall; rise.

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426. The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dendrite.

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427. The boy scouts is an example of an organization that grew out of the _____ school of thought.

Answer

Correct Answer: Child protectionist

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428. The actualizing tendency is to _____ as striving for superiority is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Carl Rogers; Alfred Adler

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429. The activation-synthesis hypothesis resulted from using ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: PET scans

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430. The activation-information-mode model suggests ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Events that occur during waking hours may influence dreams

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431. The __________ perspective emphasizes the human capacity for personal growth.

Answer

Correct Answer: Humanistic

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432. Teenage boys who are __________ are just as likely as girls to form intimate same-sex ties.

Answer

Correct Answer: Androgynous

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433. Sexual harassment tends to occur when there is a(n) ____ difference between two people.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sex

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434. Senility is to _____ as dementia is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ageism; irreversible, pathological loss of brain functioning

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435. Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increase; increase

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436. Mental representations of previously stored sensory experiences are called _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mental images

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437. Many fear responses are acquired through the process of _______ conditioning.

Answer

Correct Answer: Classical.

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438. If you experience micro sleep,______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Pull off the road at a safe place and nap

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439. Green et al. used a ________ from their ________ of interest in order to make a ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sample; population; generalization

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440. Forward conditioning occurs when the ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Neutral stimulus is presented immediately before the unconditioned stimulus.

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441. Erikson would suggest that 80-year-old ____ has achieved integrity.

Answer

Correct Answer: Christine, who is highly self-affirming.

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442. Episodic memories are affected by damage to the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Prefrontal cortex

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443. Elnora stuart paired __________ with pleasant scenes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Toothpaste

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444. Electroconvulsive therapy (ect) was introduced in the _____; it is used to treat severe _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: 1930s; depression

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445. Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the united states.

Answer

Correct Answer: 1 to 3

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446. Brief quotes and short characterizations of the day's events in news coverage are called ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sound bites

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447. Brain scans of people viewing erotic material reveal a more active ________ in men than in women.

Answer

Correct Answer: Amygdala

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448. Binet and simon considered children relatively slow if their ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mental age equals their chronological age

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449. Behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Observable behaviors.

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450. Autopsies show that the brain of a person with major ncd due to alzheimer's disease _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Has a proliferation of plaques and tangles

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451. As many as _____ of women suffer from bulimia at some point in their lives.

Answer

Correct Answer: 10

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452. An innate mechanism that assists individuals in the development of language is the __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Language acquisition device (LAD)

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453. An important factor with respect to children coping with adversity is a child's _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Adversity

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454. Allen, who has a drug abuse problem, is most likely to be successfully treated by ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavior modification

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455. Activity in the ________ depresses hunger.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ventromedial hypothalamus.

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456. According to whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Language influences throught

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457. According to maslow, the motive of self-actualization makes one want ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: To fulfill one's inborn potential

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458. A flashbulb memory is one in which _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vivid images are associated with a surprising or strongly emotional event

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459. A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mood.

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460. A basic experiment involves a minimum of ________ participant group(s).

Answer

Correct Answer: Two

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461. _______________ formed a large part of freud's psychoanalytic method.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dream interpretation

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462. __________ is common in middle adulthood.

Answer

Correct Answer: Life evaluation

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463. ______ was a clinical psychologist and applied sport psychology professional.

Answer

Correct Answer: Bruce Ogilvie

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464. ______ differences are biological and ______ differences are culturally prescribed.

Answer

Correct Answer: Parental; sibling

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465. _____ theory is to role relinquishment as _____ theory is to social involvement.

Answer

Correct Answer: Disengagement; activity

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466. _____ stimulates the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and also blocks their reuptake.

Answer

Correct Answer: Amphetamine

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467. _____ involves extreme weight loss due to an obsessive fear of obesity and self-imposed starvation.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anorexia nervosa

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468. _____ are marked by excessive guilt, withdrawal, or fearfulness.

Answer

Correct Answer: Internalizing problems

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469. _____ aggression aims to hurt only as a means to some other end.

Answer

Correct Answer: Instrumental

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470. ____ used the binet test at ellis island to restrict the entry of immigrants to the united states.

Answer

Correct Answer: Goddard

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471. _____ uses psychological rather than biological means to treat psychological disorders.

Answer

Correct Answer: Insight therapy

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472. The content of the unconscious mind is the focus of ________ therapy.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychoanalytic

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473. According to freud, the _____ holds painful memories and is the source of psychological disorders.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reality principle

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474. According to sigmund freud, _____ mental processes occur without a person being aware of them.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unconscious

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475. As a result of freud's analysis of his own dreams, he recognized ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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476. Money is an important coping resource because _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: It increases your options for eliminating stressors or reducing stress

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477. Irreversibility refers to the preoperational child's tendency to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Believe that what has been done

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478. In the _____ stage of alzheimer disease, patients may not eat or talk.

Answer

Correct Answer: Final

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479. The term andropause, or male menopause, is sometimes used to refer to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The age-related reduction in testosterone

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480. Tia has a bmi of 40. she would be classified as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Morbidly obese.

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481. The most common defense mechanism is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Repression

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482. The inability to move limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer

Correct Answer: Active.

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483. Older adults have _____ vocabularies but _____ fluency.

Answer

Correct Answer: Extensive; limited

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484. Most teacher-directed preschool programs stress _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Academics.

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485. The type of grief that impedes a person's future life is called _____ grief.

Answer

Correct Answer: Complicated.

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486. The explanation of the pre that puts greatest emphasis on internal cues is the ________ hypothesis.

Answer

Correct Answer: Frustration

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487. According to the text, sociodramatic play may help children to develop _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Antisocial behavior.

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488. A(n) _____ is a mental representation of spatial locations and directions.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cognitive map

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489. A subliminal stimulus refers to any stimulus that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Is presented below the threshold of a person's conscious awareness.

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490. A child's cognitive understanding of sex differences would be his or her _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Gender schema.

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491. __________ tends to decline only slightly in middle adulthood.

Answer

Correct Answer: Frequency of sexual activity

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492. Worldwide, only about 15 percent of infants receive daily care from _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A paid, trained, nonrelative caregiver.

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493. An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ________ is linked to seizures.

Answer

Correct Answer: GABA

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494. According to freud, the ego is guided by the _____, whereas the id is guided by the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The reality principle; the pleasure principle

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495. According to famed hypnosis researcher _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hilgard, hypnosis

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496. According to _____, the highest level of personal development is called self-actualization.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mahler

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497. About _____ as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.

Answer

Correct Answer: Three times

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498. A biased sample consists of too many ________ cases.

Answer

Correct Answer: Basic.

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499. A _____ reinforcement schedule gives the reinforcer after a varying number of responses.

Answer

Correct Answer: Variable-ratio

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500. _____ may be the most crucial difference between a skilled and an unskilled person.

Answer

Correct Answer: Strategy

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501. _____ is a feeling of fullness that has an effect on the perception of hunger.

Answer

Correct Answer: Satisfaction

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502. _____ is a common condition because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs.

Answer

Correct Answer: Polypharmacy

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503. The most common reversible condition that is mistaken for neurological disorder is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Depression; malnutrition, dehydration, brain tumors, physical illness, and overmedication

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504. A rule for hiring a set number of people from a minority group is____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A quota Explanation:Part

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505. Bullying differs from ordinary aggression because bullying attacks are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Repeated.

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506. Approximately _____ of those who suffer from anorexia nervosa literally starve themselves to death.

Answer

Correct Answer: 10%

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507. The first to apply psychology to personnel selection was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Scott

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508. _____ expressed the belief that adolescents must rebel in order to become healthy adults.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sigmund Freud

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509. Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.

Answer

Correct Answer: Instruction

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510. A key factor that strengthens a preschooler's cognition is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Having an older sibling.

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511. ________ is (are) a common landmark or reference point used for stereotaxic surgery.

Answer

Correct Answer: Bregma

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512. About _____ percent of females with aids contracted it through rape.

Answer

Correct Answer: 20

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513. A century ago, the average lifespan worldwide was _____ years.

Answer

Correct Answer: 40

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514. ________ are not a component of the somatosenses

Answer

Correct Answer: Hair cells within the cochlea

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515. For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Perceivable and measurable

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516. The fact that many elderly people take many different medications means that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The drugs can interact and produce adverse reactions

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517. After receiving a reward for escaping the puzzle box, the cats ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Appeared to enjoy the box more

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518. The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles.

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavior modification

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519. The word chimps contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).

Answer

Correct Answer: Semantics.

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520. Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by ________ needs

Answer

Correct Answer: Belongingness

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521. Drive-reduction theorists would say that getting a haircut to look attractive is a(n) ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary. Thirst, sexual desire, and hunger

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522. A toddler in freud's anal stage would also be at erikson's _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Autonomy versus shame and doubt stage.

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523. ____ is a technique with which you try to prepare for all possible errors before they occur.

Answer

Correct Answer: Defensive programming

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524. A main symptom in lewy body disease is loss of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Inhibition

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525. Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

Answer

Correct Answer: Intermittent

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526. _____ assume(s) that maladaptive behavior can result from irrational thoughts, beliefs, and ideas

Answer

Correct Answer: Cognitive behavior therapies (CBT)

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527. Psychology as a hub science tells us that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Many disciplines require an in-depth understanding of people.

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528. __________ can keep you alert and sharpen your concentration

Answer

Correct Answer: Stress response.

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529. Humanistic psychologists believe that psychological disorders result when _____

Answer

Correct Answer: NOT self-actualization is attained too early.

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530. The creator of monadology was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Leibnitz

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531. Freud's self-analysis was precipitated by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The worsening of his own neurotic symptoms.

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532. Experimental research on freudian theory has shown that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Some of his concepts are testable by the methods of science

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533. A slot machine is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule.

Answer

Correct Answer: Variable ratio

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534. Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

Answer

Correct Answer: Another person's consciousness

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535. Freud's investigative approach was ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: To consider evidence as he alone interpreted it.

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536. A basic difference between psychoanalysis and the other systems of psychology was that ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The other systems had an academic background and a focus on pure science

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537. In response to the u.s. invasion of cambodia, congress _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Forbade the use of U.S. troops in Cambodia and Laos

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538. In freud's system, personality development is built on the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychosexual stages.

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539. Thorndike used ____ measures of learning to record his data.

Answer

Correct Answer: Quantitative

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540. Freud proposed that neurotic behavior did not develop in persons who ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Led a normal sex life

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541. Depression is a stage of grieving in which __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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542. Coping with loss __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Happens all at once.

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543. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into ________ independent abilities

Answer

Correct Answer: Naturalist

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544. The feeling of fullness you get once you have ingested enough food is called _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Satiety

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545. Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Bandura

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546. A key feature of the apple lisa was its use of _______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Graphical user interface

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547. A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Need substantial interaction with an organization 's customers

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548. Our ________ is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self-esteem

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549. _____ involves retaining information over time.

Answer

Correct Answer: Memory

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550. Self-report tests are most closely associated with the _____ perspective of personality.

Answer

Correct Answer: Trait.

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551. The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Skin

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552. If you experience microsleep __________

Answer

Correct Answer: Pull off the road at a safe place and nap

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553. Information released through pretrial publicity is often _____ at trial.

Answer

Correct Answer: Inadmissible

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554. Workplace stress diminishes all of the following except _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive emotions

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555. When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality, one is thinking about ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Character

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556. Twin and adoption studies are helpful for assessing the ________ of intelligence.

Answer

Correct Answer: Heritability

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557. Trait anxiety refers to _________ anxiety, whereas state anxiety refers to __________ anxiety.

Answer

Correct Answer: General; momentary

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558. The written exam for a driver's license would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.

Answer

Correct Answer: Achievement

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559. The unshared environment in studies of personality refers to differences in _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Aspects of the environment that differ between individuals within a family

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560. The two most profound influences on the growth of clinical psychology as a specialty were ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: World War II and the VA hospital system.

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561. The three components of ______ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

Answer

Correct Answer: Attitude.

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562. The technique of telling consumers to "use brand x!" is traceable to ____ law of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Scott's; suggestibility

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563. The stanford-binet 5 is to _____ as the wais-iv is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Internal consistency within subtests and indices,

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564. The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Why are we here

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565. The pygmalion effect is based on the concept of ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self-concordance

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566. The principle by which the id operates is called the _____ principle.

Answer

Correct Answer: Pleasure; reality.

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567. The cultivation effect (also known as "mean world" syndrome) argues that ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: People who consider television watching an

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568. The controller role in a team is responsible for ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Examining details and enforcing rules.

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569. Social media (sm) providers host the sm presence using ________ in the cloud.

Answer

Correct Answer: Number of Relationships × Relationship Strength × Entity Resources

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570. Social loafing occurs most likely as a result of ________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: It occurs when people go along with the behavior of others in order to be accepted by the group.

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571. People who are ?agreeable? are more likely to have _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fewer medical complaints

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572. Passivity can harm relationships because those who are passive _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Have open relationships with others

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573. Owners of tvs with a ________ can identify and block objectionable programming.

Answer

Correct Answer: V-chip

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574. Outgoing and sociable describe aspects of the _____ factor of the five-factor model.

Answer

Correct Answer: Extroversion.

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575. On the thematic apperception test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Tell a story about what has, is, and will happen in the scene.

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576. M?nsterberg was best known ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Through his publications in the popular press on applied psychology

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577. Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance.

Answer

Correct Answer: Strong positive.

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578. Most children with autism spectrum disorder show signs in _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Infancy.

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579. Mens rea refers to _____, whereas actus reus refers to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A guilty mind; a criminal act.

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580. Mbo emphasizes goals that are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Tangible, verifiable, and measurable

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581. Job enrichment is based on the _________ theory of job satisfaction.

Answer

Correct Answer: Herzberg's motivator-hygiene.

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582. Interviews can be reliable and valid selection tools as long as they are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Effective interviewing - interview

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583. Intellectually gifted people score in the top _____ percent on a standard iq test.

Answer

Correct Answer: 1-2.

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584. Hermann rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test.

Answer

Correct Answer: Projective

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585. Hard work is a necessary component of a positive attitude because _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive thinking is a habit you have to build up over time

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586. Freud's ideas such as id, ego, superego, repression, and unconscious forces ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Are very difficult to test experimentally

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587. Freud used dream analysis and hypnosis to gain access to the _____ mind.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unconscious

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588. Freud believed that the oedipus complex produces _____ in little boys and _____ in little girls.

Answer

Correct Answer: Castration anxiety; penis envy

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589. Frederick herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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590. For freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Superego

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591. Fechner's most important contribution to psychology was the ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Quantification of the mind-body relationship

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592. Defensive self-esteem is to fragility as _____ self-esteem is to sturdiness.

Answer

Correct Answer: Secure.

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593. Carl rogers considered someone to be psychologically well adjusted if he or she __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unconditional positive regard.

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594. Beethoven is to ______________ as van gogh is to ______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Musical intelligence; spatial intelligence.

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595. As a restriction to most flextime programs, most employers require flextime employees to _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Job sharing

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596. Applications, résumés, interviews, and employment tests are known as ______ tools.

Answer

Correct Answer: Selection

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597. Another word for discriminant validity is ________ validity.

Answer

Correct Answer: Divergent

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598. An unsuccessful resolution of the toilet training conflict may result in an adult who is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anal-retentive or anal-expulsive

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599. All of the following are ways in which sports psychologists help athletes except __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Enhancing memory

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600. Aerobic exercise _____ the body's production of serotonin and _____ its production of endorphins.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increases; increases

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601. According to psychologists, memory is a _____-part component process.

Answer

Correct Answer: Three

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602. According to herzberg, __________ influence job dissatisfaction.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hygiene factors.

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603. According to eysenck, _____ is related to low physiological arousal.

Answer

Correct Answer: The Behavioral Activation System

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604. According to dan mcadams, our _____ are our identities.

Answer

Correct Answer: Life stories

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605. According to alfred adler, feelings of _____ are universal during infancy and childhood.

Answer

Correct Answer: Inferiority.

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606. About ________ percent of wais scores fall between 70 and 130.

Answer

Correct Answer: 95

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607. A series of symmetrical stimuli is to picture what _____ is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Rorschach; TAT

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608. A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unconditional positive regard

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609. ________ (irb) reviews research that is conducted using human participants

Answer

Correct Answer: Institutional Review Board

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610. _____ refer to direct contacts between the firm and a customer.

Answer

Correct Answer: Touchpoints

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611. _____ is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self- esteem

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612. ____ read online forums, read blogs, and listen to podcasts.

Answer

Correct Answer: ​Spectators

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613. According to freud, the _____ accounts for unconscious aggressive and destructive impulses.

Answer

Correct Answer: Death instinct.

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614. Opiate drugs affect synapses in the brain that use _____ as their neurotransmitter.

Answer

Correct Answer: Endorphin.

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615. Skinner claimed that he studied ____ while pavlov studied ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Operant behavior; respondent behavior

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616. Parents who set strict boundaries and show little warmth reflect a(n) _____ parenting style.

Answer

Correct Answer: Authoritarian.

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617. Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Retracted due to a financial conflict of interest

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618. Marcy is in a car accident. this is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Answer

Correct Answer: Acute

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619. Alcoholics anonymous is a particularly well-known ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self-help group

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620. In adolescence, __________ parenting predicts high self-esteem.

Answer

Correct Answer: Diffused.

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621. Rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation.

Answer

Correct Answer: Extrinsic factors.

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622. A psychic claims he can predict the future. this is known as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Precognition

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623. To be considered a stimulant, a drug must ________ mental activity and ________ physical activity.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increase;increase

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624. Women are _____ as likely as men to experience episodes of severe unipolar depression.

Answer

Correct Answer: Two times.

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625. An advantage of algorithms over heuristics is that ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Algorithms guarantee a correct answer if one is available

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626. A conflict between the id and the ego results in _____ anxiety.

Answer

Correct Answer: Neurotic.

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627. Medication, electroconvulsive shock therapy, and psychosurgery are all types of ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Biomedical therapy

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628. Fisher and harris found that observers learned more when a model _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Frowned and shook her head

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629. Research suggests that children raised in households in which parents are homosexual __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Show no differences in eventual adjustments

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630. Pavlov's conditioned reflexes require ____ for learning to occur.

Answer

Correct Answer: S-R connections

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631. To retain information in working memory, individuals must _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Process the information

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632. Salivating at the presentation of food is an example of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A reflex

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633. When developmentalists use the term expert, they usually mean a person who _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Is significantly better than others at performing a certain task.

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634. All of the following are examples of physiological motives or drives except ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hunger

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635. With regard to paid work, older employees tend to have _____ compared to younger employees.

Answer

Correct Answer: Less absenteeism.

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636. A concept of bandura that reflects one's beliefs about one's own adequacy is ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self-efficacy

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637. The result of the ego's failure to satisfy both id and superego is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Conscious anxiety

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638. Mdma and lysergic acid diethylamide are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hallucinogens.

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639. Nature is to nurture what _____ reinforcers are to _____ reinforcers.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive; negative.

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640. Perhaps the broadest, most integrative approach in psychology is the _____ perspective.

Answer

Correct Answer: Biopsychosocial.

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641. A driver with a learner's permit is limited to _____ passengers under the age of 21.

Answer

Correct Answer: 1

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642. A health psychologist who is using biofeedback with a patient is most likely treating _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Alcohol dependence

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643. Neuroleptic drugs _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Are antianxiety drugs.

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644. If this causes that, then this is the _____ variable, and that is the _____ variable.

Answer

Correct Answer: Independent; dependent.

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645. In rogerian therapy, the role of the therapist is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Provide an accepting environment for a client's free exploration of important thoughts and feelings

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646. With respect to the neuron, receiver is to transmitter as _____ is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dendrite;axon

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647. When you use a knife as a screwdriver, you have _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Overcome functional fixedness

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648. When you group subcategories within broader concepts or categories, you are creating _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hierarchies

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649. When the axons of healthy neurons adjacent to damaged cells grow new branches, _____ has occurred.

Answer

Correct Answer: Collateral sprouting

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650. Vending machine is to slot machine what _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary; secondary

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651. Used excessively, defense mechanisms can be dangerous because they _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Distort reality.

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652. The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is an example of _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

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653. The three steps in systematic desensitization include all of the following except _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Practicing relaxation to anxiety-arousing stimuli,

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654. The theory of sleep that best explains why bears hibernate all winter is the _____ theory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Adaptation/protection

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655. The surface description of a dream is called the _____ content.

Answer

Correct Answer: Manifest.

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656. The sense of _____ is the most dangerous aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

Answer

Correct Answer: Invincibility

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657. The response of scientific psychology to psychoanalysis by the 1950s and 1960s was to ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reframe Freud's concepts in behavioral terms

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658. The reduction in ability to retrieve rarely used information over time is called ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Decay

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659. The psychometric approach to studying cognitive development analyzes intelligence using _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Intelligence.

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660. The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ________ memory.

Answer

Correct Answer: Long-term

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661. The neonate's brain is about __________ the size of an adult's brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: 25%

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662. The gestalt protest against wundt's system focused on his ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Elementism

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663. The first doctoral dissertation in psychology to use animal subjects was that of ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Thorndike

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664. The development of __________ reaches its height in midlife.

Answer

Correct Answer: Expertise

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665. Shy and reserved would fall within the _____ factor of the five-factor model.

Answer

Correct Answer: Extraversion.

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666. About _____% of individual differences in aggressive behavior can be attributed to genetic factors.

Answer

Correct Answer: 50%

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667. Out of sight, out of mind can describe the behavior of a child who lacks the concept of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Object permanence.

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668. Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development studied _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Verbal meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, number ability, and word fluency

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669. Reinforcement is meant to _____ the frequency of a behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive reinforcement

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670. Involuntary, automatic, innate responses to stimuli are called __________ behaviors.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reflex behaviors.

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671. Conditions of worth are to _____ as fixations are to _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Extraversion

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672. B. f. skinner believed that _____ reinforcement was the best way to shape desirable behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive reinforcement

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673. Atypical antipsychotics affect both _____ and _____ levels in certain parts of the brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Serotonin; dopamine

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674. As people age, their friendships tend to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Improve

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675. According to the fuzzy trace theory, the _____ consists of the precise details of the information.

Answer

Correct Answer: Verbatim memory trace.

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676. A(n) _________________ is a memory aid that helps people recall important information.

Answer

Correct Answer: Memory enhancement device

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677. Research shows that behavioral therapy is roughly _____% more effective than no treatment at all.

Answer

Correct Answer: 80

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678. Most people think that they are _____ famous people like oprah winfrey.

Answer

Correct Answer: Happier than.

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679. Linguists have identified more than _____ different phonemes among all the world's languages.

Answer

Correct Answer: More than 800

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680. The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why _____ increases attraction.

Answer

Correct Answer: Proximity

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681. Schachter suggests that people rely on ____ cues to label their emotional states.

Answer

Correct Answer: External.

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682. Retroactive interference, as used in the study of memory, refers to when _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information

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683. Religiously active aids patients ________ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

Answer

Correct Answer: Survive longer

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684. Owen is a type b personality. owen would be characterized by _____ behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Noncompetitive

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685. Neurotransmitters find their way to __________ and subsequently affect the next neuron.

Answer

Correct Answer: Receptor sites

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686. Most infants develop a(n) _____ attachment relationship with their caregiver(s).

Answer

Correct Answer: Secure

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687. Medication for psychological disorders is generally prescribed by _____, who have _____ degrees.

Answer

Correct Answer: Serotonin and norepinephrine.

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688. Intelligence that reflects the ability to reason abstractly is termed _____ intelligence.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fluid

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689. In the strange situation, a sign of insecure attachment might be _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Crying and unable to be comforted when Mother returns

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690. In a _____, the cheek muscles are pulled back, and the muscles around the eyes also contract.

Answer

Correct Answer: Eyes

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691. Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin.

Answer

Correct Answer: Low; high

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692. Developmentalists have demonstrated that social learning takes place _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Throughout life.

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693. Cones are concentrated in the _____ and specialized for _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fovea; color vision and visual acuity

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694. Compared to formal concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fuzzy with unclear boundaries.

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695. Carl jung emphasized the importance of the _____ in personality functioning.

Answer

Correct Answer: The collective unconscious

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696. Besides sexual and aggressive forces, jung believed the unconscious contained _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive and spiritual motives

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697. As the united states moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing, _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Some nations are following suit and others are moving away from it.

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698. Anterograde amnesia is to ____ as retrograde amnesia is to ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Loss of memory for old events;inability to form new memories

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699. An example of stage-three sensorimotor behavior is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Looking for a smile and smiling back

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700. Aggression used to obtain a toy or other object is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Instrumental.

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701. Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

Answer

Correct Answer: Personality traits

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702. According to your textbook, motivation _____ behavior and emotion _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Energizes

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703. According to your text, the major objective of the mmpi-2 is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Assist in the diagnosis of psychological disorders.

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704. According to your text, one of the best definitions of personality is your _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions.

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705. According to the cognitive theory of motivation, _____ influence our goal-directed behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Attributions and expectancies

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706. According to freud's psychoanalytic theory, the electra complex causes girls to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Adore their father and resen.t their mother

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707. According to freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ego abides by the _____ principle.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reality

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708. According to freud, the result of conflict between the id and superego is ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anxiety

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709. According to _____, one reason that people forget is because they are repressing painful memories.

Answer

Correct Answer: Freud

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710. Abraham maslow maintains that older adults are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: More likely than younger people to reach self-actualization

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711. A rat with hippocampal damage has difficulty with the morris water maze because it ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Has difficulty remembering where the platform is from

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712. _____ therapies aim to increase awareness of one's self and environment.

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavioral

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713. Lsd and ecstasy influence the operation of the neurotransmitter _____ in the brain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Serotonin

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714. Just as chunking is a form of stm organization, _____ is (are) a form of ltm organization.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hierarchies

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715. During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year.

Answer

Correct Answer: 2 to 3.

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716. In the context of types of therapy, client-centered therapy follows a _____ approach.

Answer

Correct Answer: Nondirective

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717. Evolutionary psychologists are most directly concerned with the impact of ________ on behavior.

Answer

Correct Answer: Genetic predispositions.

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718. During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fertility problems

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719. A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Abdominal pain associated with menstruation

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720. The semantics of the sentence "he ran" refer to its ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Meaning

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721. In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Accumulated stress.

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722. Food is considered a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is a secondary reinforcer.

Answer

Correct Answer: Money

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723. A delusion is a(n) ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sensory experience that does not correspond to reality

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724. A behavior pattern that is unlearned and found in almost all members of a species is called _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: An instinct

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725. Cocaine may ________ symptoms of schizophrenia by ________ dopamine levels.

Answer

Correct Answer: Eliminate; decreasing

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726. A disorder that may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Autism spectrum disorder

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727. All of the following terms are used in social identity theory except _______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Control group.

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728. A(n) __________ is a visual aid that summarizes a large block of information, usually in list form.

Answer

Correct Answer: Chart table

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729. Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys are examples of ______ sources.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary

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730. The person most closely associated with the law of effect is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Thorndike

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731. The _____ suggests that schizophrenia is caused by an overactivity of dopamine neurons.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dopamine hypothesis

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732. The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Latent; Tolman

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733. The chimpanzee in kohler's insight experiment _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sat for a while, then used a stick to bring the banana within reach

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734. The availability heuristic is a rule of thumb in which ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The frequency of an event's occurrence is predicted by the ease with which the event is brought to mind

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735. The amygdala is involved in the recognition of ________communicated via ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Fear; facial expression

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736. The aim of _____ therapy is to replace maladaptive behaviors by applying learning principles.

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavior

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737. Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Less detailed in the distance

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738. Susan beal hypothesized that _____ played a role in sids deaths.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sleeping position

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739. _____ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than do _____ approaches.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic

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