1. Business researchers are typically interested in discovering the relationship between variables. Which variable does the researcher manipulate to explain variance or discrepancy?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Independent variable
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2. ______ can be counted or scaled. They could be age, education, income, or family size in a study of the effects of high housing costs on portions of the population.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Variables
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3. Which element in the Toulmin Model demonstrates the connection between data and claim, showing why the evidence supports the claim?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Warrant
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4. What is a form of reasoning wherein the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deduction
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5. In antiquity, who proposed a system that was a precursor to the scientific method?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Aristotle
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6. Demonstrates the connection between data and claim by creating a bridge that shows why the evidence supports the claim and makes it false is known as Warrant
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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7. Anything that can vary (i.e., that can assume multiple values and can change or be changed, counted or scaled). Is known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Variable
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8. Involves ____components that evaluate the pros and cons of an argument and the effectiveness of rebuttals.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Six
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9. Systematically interrelated concepts,_____, definitions, and hypotheses to explain and predict phenomena (facts) is known as theory
Answer
Correct Answer:
Constructs
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10. A statement of “no difference” designed for statistical testing is known as Relational hypothesis
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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11. The process of scientific inquiry in which a researcher states a problem, creates a hypothesis to explain the problem, deduces consequences and formulates several rival hypotheses, devises a decisive empirical test to exclude one or more hypotheses as the explanation, draws a conclusion, and feeds information back into the problem is known as ____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scientific method
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12. An insightful guess, speculation, or an even more rigorous assessment of the research outcome is known as ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Research hypothesis
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13. ____ is a statement that describes the relationship between two or more variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Relational hypothesis
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14. Mitigates likely objections and counter-arguments to the claim by suggesting reasons why a counterclaim is flawed, lacks credibility, or is not reasonable or realistic is known as Rebuttal
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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15. The lowest measurement level with all of the powers of ranking, not equal distance between scale points plus an absolute zero or point of origin.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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16. Adds limits,platitudes, or specificity to the claim, providing a context under which the argument is true is known as qualifier.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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17. Makes a statement about concepts that is judged true or false if it refers to observable phenomena known as ?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Proposition
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18. ______ is an assumption that the researcher takes tentatively to be true in reasoning.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Premise
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19. ______ is the X variable in correlation-based nonexperimental studies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Predictor variable
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20. _______has several values representing different categories of group membership.
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21. A variable that is rank ordered or observations that involve relational comparisons, e.g., a > b, b > c, therefore_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
A>c
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22. Operational consists of _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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23. Nominal scale is consists of ______
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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24. Influences the relationship between two other variables and thus produces an interaction effect known as ?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Moderating variable (MV)
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25. Occurs when a number is assigned to a characteristic of a person, object, or event, in a reliable and valid way is known as ?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Measurement
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26. _____ is a conceptual mechanism through which the independent variable and moderating variable might affect the dependent variable; also known as a mediating variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intervening variable
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27. _______ has both order and equality of distance between points but an arbitrary origin on scales that measure continuous variables.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interval variable
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28. Draws a conclusion from one particulars (specific facts or pieces of evidence). The premises are intended to be strong enough that if they were true, it would be plausible that you would produce a true conclusion is called Induction
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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29. _____ is the variable that researchers manipulate to explain variance in the dependent variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
IV
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30. _____ is a proposition that is constructed for empirical testing.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypothesis
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31. Extraneous is a variable intentionally being studied or known to an experimenter that may affect the income or introduction.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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32. Explanatory are Suggests that the presence of, or a change in, one variable (iv) causes an effect to occur in the other variable _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
DV
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33. Empirical testing is Uses “observations and propositions based on sensory experience and/or derived from such experience by methods . . . Including mathematics and statistics” to test a hypothesis (see reference 3 in chapter 2).
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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34. ______ has only two values reflecting the presence or absence of a property.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dichotomous variable
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35. Typically states the existence, size, form, or distribution of some variable. As a univariate hypothesis, it contains only one variable; but may also refer to several variables or groups. Is known as ____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Descriptive hypothesis
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36. DV is the presumed effect in an _______study.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Experimental
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37. _____ is a form of reasoning that claims to be conclusive; the conclusions must necessarily follow from the reasons given if the premises are valid and the form is correct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deduction
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38. Data consists of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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39. The correlation-based nonexperimental study is known as Criterion variable .
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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40. _______ are states that variables occur together in some specified way that establishes an association or trend.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Correlational hypothesis
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41. ____ is a variable that is held constant (unchanging) throughout an experiment or observation designed to test the impact of the independent variable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Control variable
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42. Continuous variable is a metric (interval-ratio) variable that takes on any value in an ordered set of values in a less range.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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43. An image or idea invented explicitly for a given research, testing, or theory-building purpose is known as ___.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Construct
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44. _____ is a generalized meaning associated with particular events, objects, conditions, and situations that aggregates objects or events that have common characteristics beyond a single observation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Concept
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45. Claim consists of _______
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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46. _____and polytomous (multicategory) variables that are discrete because only certain finite values (categories) are possible is known as Categorical
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dichotomous
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47. Support that brings credibility to a warrant’s reliability or relevance; also explains the connections between_______
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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48. Abduction is a form of illogical inference in which two chooses the hypothesis that would be the best explanation if the evidence were true
Answer
Correct Answer:
False .
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