There are several techniques for balancing treatment and control groups while reducing the effect of and compensating for confounding variables. Which of them is one of these techniques?
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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Where does a quasi-experiment usually take place?
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Correct Answer:
In the real world
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Which type of randomized-based design involves groups of equal size, which is considered optimal for the experiment, and then randomly chooses a group for participant assignment?
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Correct Answer:
Block randomization
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True experiments are the strongest design for determining cause-and-effect relationships because ______.
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Correct Answer:
They maximize internal validity
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There are four general types of validity. Which one relates to containing procedural variables and represents the generalizability of the study and how well it generalizes to a particular population?
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Correct Answer:
External validity
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Each member of the group gets an equal opportunity of being chosen as part of the sampling process. This is a definition of ______.
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Correct Answer:
Random sampling
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______ is a form of research design often considered the “gold standard” for evaluating other designs.
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Correct Answer:
True experiment design
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The strongest design for determining a cause-and-effect relationship; minimized internal validity is known as true experiment
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Correct Answer:
False
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A personal characteristic that is not changeable, such as_____.
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Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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covariates through the_______,_________, or foreknowledge of the recruitment pool before group assignment.
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Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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Statistical conclusion validity of inferences about the correlation (covariation) between poison and income.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Involves the assignment of participants to control and treatment groups through conventional methods is known as ________
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Correct Answer:
Simple randomization
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__________is an experimental design, the signal is analogous to the study variable—the program or treatment being implemented. Noise introduces variability from all of the extraneous variables that confuse the strength of the signal.
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Correct Answer:
Both a and b ‘
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________ is a process in which participants choose the treatment condition for themselves.
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Correct Answer:
Self-selection
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An underused type of experimental design with internal validity characteristics are known as _________
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Correct Answer:
Regression-discontinuity design
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Relies on random assignment to produce group equivalence, to balance treatment and control groups, or to compensate for confounding variables is known as Randomized-based design
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Correct Answer:
False
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A sampling procedure to ensure that each element in the sampling frame has no equal chance of being included in the sample is known as Random sampling is known as Random sampling
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Correct Answer:
False
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Random assignment is the assignment of participants to groups (or different conditions) using a specific procedure such as a specific number generator.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Quota matrix is a technique based on nonprobability sampling for balancing groups often by employing nominal ______variables to match the sample proportion to the population
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Correct Answer:
Demographic
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________are Comprises “research that resembles experimental research but is not true experimental research” (see reference 43 in Chapter 8).
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Correct Answer:
Quasi-experimental
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Pre-experiment typically has a control group available for contrast (or an equivalent nontreatment group).
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Correct Answer:
False
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Non-equivalent groups design is a frequently used quasi-experimental between-subjects design in which participants are equivalent (i.e., are not randomly assigned to conditions).
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Correct Answer:
False
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_________are attempts to obtain comparable groups to recreate the feature of randomization; its intent is equivalent or balanced groups.
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Correct Answer:
Matching
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Occurs when a researcher manipulates or systematically varies the levels (often called conditions) of an independent variable (IV) and then measures the income of interest, the dependent variable (DV) is known as manipulating
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Correct Answer:
False
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Discerns whether a study’s findings imply cause while other explanations are ruled out is known as internal validity
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Correct Answer:
True
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Intact group is consists of ______
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Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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Factorial design is a randomized experiment (completely or by blocking) using the same factors to determine their influence on the study’s objective.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Only one level that has the same value of the independent variable or treatment condition which has been subdivided for manipulation by the researcher. When factor levels are combined, they are referred to as the treatment is known as Factor level
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Correct Answer:
Factor level
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________ is a controlled independent variable subdivided into levels that are set by the researcher.
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Correct Answer:
Factor
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Criteria for causality consists of _______ steps
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Correct Answer:
Four
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Covariate adaptive randomization is an alternative to stratified randomization; assigns new participants to treatment groups involving the technique of “maximised .”
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Correct Answer:
False
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_____ is a continuous variable that acts as a control; it is not manipulated but rather observed and measured; it can affect the outcome of the study.
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Correct Answer:
Covariate
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_____is a type of noise-reducing experimental design; it adjusts posttest scores for variability on the (continuous) covariate pretest.
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Correct Answer:
Covariance design
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Control group receives no treatment; the experimental stimulus is withheld, or some standard treatment is used is known as ?
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Correct Answer:
Control group
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The researcher attempts to control for all influential factors except those whose effects are the focus of the investigation.
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Correct Answer:
Control
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Reveals whether a scale is known as Construct validity
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Correct Answer:
False
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______ is an extraneous variable that influences the dependent variable.
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Correct Answer:
Confounding variable
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Acts as a comparison to other groups that are receiving a treatment or manipulation of the independent variable in an experiment is known as?
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Correct Answer:
Comparison group
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A type of noise-reducing experimental design that does not divide the sample into relatively homogeneous subgroups or “blocks.” is known as Blocking design .
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Correct Answer:
False
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Results in groups of non equal size. Researchers determine the optimal block size for the experiment (sometimes because of the group or cell sizes required by a statistic) and then randomly choose to establish participant assignment.
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Correct Answer:
False
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