______ make(s) people feel that you don’t see them, that they are unimportant.
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Disconfirmation
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______ acknowledge(s) the time frame of your judgments.
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Indexing
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One example of ______ in language includes the practice of women taking their husband’s surnames after marriage.
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Sexism
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If we settle on a(n) ______ for someone at one time and then encounter the same person later, we’ll probably fail to realize that the person may have changed over time.
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Extreme label
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When we communicate, we are doing much more than ______; we’re connecting with some people and indicating to others how different we are from one another.
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Exchanging words
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The ______ used for a communication transaction has an impact on the meaning and experience of that transaction.
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Channel
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John and Geroge both speak the same language, and because of this the ______ will affect the meaning.
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Contextual cues
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In communication research, the ______ involves the setting or situation in which the encounter takes place.
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Context
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The ease with which a language can express is thought is called _______.
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Codability
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Sapir and Whorf believed that without a ______ for something, a person has difficulty perceiving that thing or thinking that it’s important.
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Word
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______ language is one of the most studied in terms of the effects of ethnicity on language.
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African American
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Those who are incarcerated are an example of a(n) ______.
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Speech community
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Culture pertains to more than ______.
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National origin
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The term “persons of color” puts emphasis on the person and their ______.
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Ethnicity
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The Communication Acconmadation Theory (CAT) says speakers may ______ or make their speech style like the other’s.
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Converge
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The words or the vocabulary that make up a language is called
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● Verbal symbols
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An explanation for differences in women’s and men’s verbal codes based on conceptualizing the two sexes as two separate cultures is called
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● Two-culture theory
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The lack of clarity people use intentionally when they do not want others to completely understand their intentions is called
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● Strategic ambiguity
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When words conceal change; when we speak and respond to people today the same way we did many years ago is called
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● Static evaluation
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Groups who share norms about how to speak; what words to use; and when, where, and why to speak is called
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● Speech communities
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A word with a restricted number of possible referents is called
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● Specific
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Language that is demeaning to one sex is called
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● Sexist language
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The use of one term with a positive connotation and its supposed parallel term with a negative connotation (e.g., master and mistress) in Semantic derogation
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● True
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The tendency to respond to words, or labels for things, rather than the things themselves is called
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● Reification
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The thing the word represents is called
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● Referents
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When people utilize the either/or aspect of the English language and use words that cast topics in extremes in polarization
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● True
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Idiomatic communication used for interpersonal contact only which communication?
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● Phatic communication
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Acknowledging the viewpoints of those with whom you interact is called
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● Perspective taking
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A verbal ritual where each person’s negative comment is matched by the following speaker’s negative comment in
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● Negative Contagion
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A theory explaining what happens to people whose experiences are not well represented by the verbal symbols in their language is called
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● Muted group theory
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Words—such as chairman, salesman, repairman, mailman, and mankind—that include the word man but are supposed to operate generically to include women as well in
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● Man- linked words
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Sometimes called the “weak form” of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, it refers to the notion that while language doesn’t completely determine your thinking, it strongly influences it known as
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● Linguistic relativity
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Sometimes called the “strong form” of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, it refers to the notion that without a word in your language for a thing/ idea, you cannot perceive that thing/idea in the linguistic determinism
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● True
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Experiences and ideas that aren’t named in a language is called
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● Lexical gaps
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Consists of both verbal symbols and grammar; it enables us to engage in meaning making with others is called
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● Language
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Acknowledging the time frame of your judgments of others and yourself is known as
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● Indexing
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A word or a phrase that has an understood meaning within a culture, but that meaning doesn’t come from exact translation is called
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● Idiom
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Refers to the set of rules in a specific language dictating how words should be organized is called
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● Grammar
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The rule in English grammar, dating from 1553, requiring the masculine pronoun he to function generically when the subject of the sentence is not known to be a woman or man in generic he
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● True
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A word with the fewest restrictions in terms of possible referents is called
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● General
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A kind of equivocation using milder or less direct words substituted for other words that are more blunt or negative is called
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● Euphemisms
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A type of ambiguity involving choosing your words carefully to give a listener a false impression without actually lying is called
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● Equivocation
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Putting our thoughts into meaningful language is known as
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● Encoding
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A process described in Communication Accommodation Theory involving speaking in a way that highlights the differences between two people’s speaking styles.
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● Diverge
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Occurs when someone feels ignored and disregarded. Disconfirmation makes people feel that you don’t see them—that they are unimportant is called
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Correct Answer:
● Disconfirmation
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Denotative meaning is the literal, conventional meaning that most people in a culture have agreed to be the meaning of a symbol. Denotation is the type of meaning found in a dictionary definition.
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● True
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Developing an understanding of the speaker’s meaning based on hearing language is called
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● Decoding
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A process described in Communication Accommodation Theory involving making one’s speech style similar to another’s is called
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● Converge
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People’s personal and subjective experience with a verbal symbol is called
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● Connotative meaning
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The acknowledgment, validation, and support of another person is called
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● Confirmation
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Referents that you are able to detect with one of your senses. Concrete referents are those that you can see, smell, taste, touch, or hear is called concrete
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● True
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A theory explaining how two speakers of different backgrounds (based on age, culture, sex, or other differences) may adjust their style of speaking relative to each other is called
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● Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT)
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The number of words in a language it takes to express a thought is called
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Correct Answer:
● Codability
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Referents that cannot be detected through your senses is called
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Correct Answer:
● Abstract
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