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Crafting Qualitative Data MCQ

How does the position of a participant observer differ from that of a complete observer?

In complete observation, the observer interacts with research participants whereas in participant observation, the observer is only a part of their environment.

In complete observation, participants are aware that they are being observed; in participant observation participants are unaware that they are being observed.

In participant observation researchers do not conceal the intention of observation and participate in a given setting as researcher and participant.

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: In participant observation researchers do not conceal the intention of observation and participate in a given setting as researcher and participant.

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Reflexivity is about ______.

Acknowledging that in social science it is difficult if not impossible to remain outside our subject matter

Researchers becoming aware of their effect on the process and outcomes of their research

Researchers reflecting on their own identity

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these

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Photo-elicitation involves ______.

The researcher taking pictures of important observations

The researcher retrieving images from specialist databases which are analysed in a certain way

The research participant taking pictures of whatever is important to them

The researcher using visual images (such as photographs, videos or paintings) in an interview to invite comments by research participants

Answer

Correct Answer: The researcher using visual images (such as photographs, videos or paintings) in an interview to invite comments by research participants

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When researchers co-create data with research participants there are a set of general rules. From the list below identify the statement that appears out of place.

Listen to the views of your collaborator.

Make yourself familiar with the context and background of your research participants.

Ensure that the academic research aims and objectives that are derived from the literature survey have primacy.

Allow your research collaborator to have an equal claim on how problems and issues might be understood..

Answer

Correct Answer: Ensure that the academic research aims and objectives that are derived from the literature survey have primacy.

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Which of the statements best characterizes ethnography rather than participant observation?

Where the researcher is in the field and able to observe the phenomena under investigation

Where entire social systems or cultures are under investigation

Where the researcher observers for relatively short periods of time

Where the researcher moves in and out of an organization

Answer

Correct Answer: Where entire social systems or cultures are under investigation

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Below are tips given to students for writing field notes. Which would never be given?

Just write, dont worry about style or grammar.

Avoid evaluation or judgmental language.

Dont worry about the detail focus on the essentials.

Capture direct quotations for use later.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dont worry about the detail focus on the essentials.

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With the advent of new technologies, information collected by the public can now often be used to support research data collected by researchers. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Pictures taken with mobile phone cameras by people taking part in activities or events

Reasons for decisions made by managers speaking into recording devices

Covert surveillance from cameras in the workplace

Electronic devices given to respondents which give information on the frequency of specific activities

Answer

Correct Answer: Covert surveillance from cameras in the workplace

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There are a number of characteristics which define action research methods. Identify the most important.

Action research is all about how the researcher advising the organization what to do.

Action research demands the involvement of the researcher in an organization change.

Action research begins pragmatically with appropriate theory emerging only as the action unfolds.

History and context play no part in the process of analysis.

Answer

Correct Answer: Action research demands the involvement of the researcher in an organization change.

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Autoethnography is which of the following?

Research in which an author uses self-reflection and writing to explore their personal experience

Where the focus of the research relates to an issue connected to cars

Where the field notes on data collection happen automatically

Where video is used to complement participant observation

Answer

Correct Answer: Research in which an author uses self-reflection and writing to explore their personal experience

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Useful probes in interviews do NOT include ______.

Open questions such as What did you mean by that?

Remaining silent

A brief summary of what you think the interviewee may feel/think

Repeating the same question

Answer

Correct Answer: A brief summary of what you think the interviewee may feel/think

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When preparing for a research interview, it is important to ______.

Ensure that one does not forget to ask the main research question

Present the interviewee with the consent form at the very end of the interview

Design questions in a way that they make it easy for the interview to respond

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Design questions in a way that they make it easy for the interview to respond

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Which of the following is NOT a type of secondary data?

Christmas cards

Cover letters

Newspaper articles

Research diaries

Answer

Correct Answer: Research diaries

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Which statements below is an advantage of using a repertory grid?

They can be conducted with many people all at the same time.

They keep individuals verbiage constructs that otherwise would remain hidden.

They incorporate the views of the interview as an expert.

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: They keep individuals verbiage constructs that otherwise would remain hidden.

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The following are issues which can help the conduct and the accuracy of interviews. Which is the odd one out?

The use of appropriate attitude and language

The location of the interview

The secret recording of the interview to ensure that the interviewee answers all questions in complete honesty

The obtaining of the interviewees trust

Answer

Correct Answer: The secret recording of the interview to ensure that the interviewee answers all questions in complete honesty

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To avoid bias, interviews often use a number of techniques. Which of the following statements does NOT serve to help prevent bias?

Mirror or reflect in your own words what the interviewee has said.

Agree with the interviewee and give an example of your own of what you think they mean.

Pause when there is a silence and let the interviewee break the silence.

Repeat the last few words the interviewee said.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mirror or reflect in your own words what the interviewee has said.

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Which of the following statements describes snowball sampling?

Probabilistic selection of cases or interviews such that the sample is likely to reflect the targeted population

Selected participants recruit or recommend other participants from amongst their acquaintances

Selection of cases dependent on whether they may contain theoretical characteristics/embody specific rhetorical constructs

Selection of aims to include a wide range of incidents of a given phenomenon

Answer

Correct Answer: Selected participants recruit or recommend other participants from amongst their acquaintances

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Which of the following is NOT a good reason to use diaries?

To place the responsibility for data collection onto the individual being researched

To release the researcher from day-to-day involvement

To provide a journal or record of events

To have the potential to gain a rich qualitative picture of motives and perspectives

Answer

Correct Answer: To place the responsibility for data collection onto the individual being researched

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Which of the following would not be considered as textual data?

Government reports

Interviews conducted by the researcher with managers

Reports in newspapers

Data from blogs or chat rooms

Answer

Correct Answer: Interviews conducted by the researcher with managers

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Which one of these main forms of data is NOT used by qualitative researchers?

Collecting stories

Large probability samples and surveys

Observing activity or people

Conducting interviews

Answer

Correct Answer: Large probability samples and surveys

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Crafting Qualitative Data MCQ

How does the position of a participant observer differ from that of a complete observer?

Reflexivity is about ______.

Photo-elicitation involves ______.

When researchers co-create data with research participants there are a set of general rules. From the list below identify the statement that appears out of place.

Which of the statements best characterizes ethnography rather than participant observation?

Below are tips given to students for writing field notes. Which would never be given?

With the advent of new technologies, information collected by the public can now often be used to support research data collected by researchers. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

There are a number of characteristics which define action research methods. Identify the most important.

Autoethnography is which of the following?

Useful probes in interviews do NOT include ______.

When preparing for a research interview, it is important to ______.

Which of the following is NOT a type of secondary data?

Which statements below is an advantage of using a repertory grid?

The following are issues which can help the conduct and the accuracy of interviews. Which is the odd one out?

To avoid bias, interviews often use a number of techniques. Which of the following statements does NOT serve to help prevent bias?

Which of the following statements describes snowball sampling?

Which of the following is NOT a good reason to use diaries?

Which of the following would not be considered as textual data?

Which one of these main forms of data is NOT used by qualitative researchers?

Which of the following would not be considered as textual data?