1. From a sociological perspective, definitions of deviance originate_______________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
With the people who witness or judge the behavior
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2. According to ucr and nibrs data, most burglaries involve ________ entry.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Forcible
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3. __________ consider crime a natural part of a healthy society.
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Correct Answer:
Functionalists
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4. _____ is defined as an area or neighborhood in the process of being “invaded” by members of “alien” racial or ethnic groups bringing with them values and practices that conflict with those established by the “natural” inhabitants of the area.
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Correct Answer:
Transition Zone
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5. _____ is the inability to attain resources legitimately generates unhappiness (strain) and sometimes leads to efforts to obtain them illegitimately.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Strain Theory
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6. Is status Frustration a form of frustration experienced by low-income youth who desire approval and status but who cannot meet middle-class criteria and thus seek status via alternate means?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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7. _____ is known as how society is organized by social institutions—the family and educational, religious, economic, and political institutions—and stratified based on various roles and statuses.
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Correct Answer:
Social Structure
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8. _____ is defined as term used by the Chicago school to describe the interrelations of human beings and the communities in which they live.
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Correct Answer:
Social Ecology
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9. _____ is the central concept of the Chicago school of social ecology. It refers to the breakdown or serious dilution of the power of informal community rules to regulate conduct in poor neighborhoods.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social Disorganization
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10. Is social Capital the store of positive relationships in social networks built on norms of reciprocity and trust developed over time upon which the individual can draw for support?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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11. _____ is known as the seeking of immediate gratification of desires without regard for any long-term consequences.
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Correct Answer:
Short-Run Hedonism
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12. _____ is defined as a form of social solidarity characteristic of modern societies in which there is a high degree of occupational specialization and weak normative consensus.
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Correct Answer:
Organic Solidarity
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13. _____ is an extension of anomie theory claiming that low-income youth join gangs as a path to monetary success.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Opportunity Structure Theory
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14. Is modes of Adaptation robert Merton’s concept of how people adapt to the alleged disjunction between cultural goals and structural barriers to the means of obtaining them. These modes are conformity, ritualism, retreatism, innovation, and rebellion?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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15. Is middle-Class Measuring Rods according to Cohen, because low-income youths cannot measure up to middle-class standards they experience status frustration, and this frustration spawns an oppositional culture?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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16. _____ is known as a form of social solidarity existing in small, isolated, prestate societies in which individuals sharing common experiences and circumstances share common values and develop strong emotional ties to the collectivity.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mechanical Solidarity
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17. _____ is defined as messner and Rosenfeld’s extension of anomie theory averring that high crime rates are intrinsic to the structural and cultural arrangements of American society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Institutional Anomie Theory
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18. _____ is describes the interrelations of human beings and the environments in which they live and views the city as a kind of superorganism with areas differentially adaptive for different ethnic groups.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Human Ecology
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19. Is general Strain Theory agnew’s extension of anomie theory into the realm of social psychology stressing multiple sources of strain and how people cope with it?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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20. _____ is known as miller’s description of the value system and lifestyle of the lowest classes; they are trouble, toughness, excitement, smartness, fate, and autonomy.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Focal Concerns
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21. _____ is defined as the process of making inferences about individuals and groups based on information derived from a larger population of which they are a part.
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Correct Answer:
Ecological Fallacy
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22. _____ is the process of freeing social relationships from economic considerations.
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Correct Answer:
Decommodification
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23. Is consensus (or Functionalist) Perspective a view of society as a system of mutually sustaining parts and characterized by broad normative consensus?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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24. _____ is known as the most common of Merton’s modes of adaptation, that is, the acceptance of cultural goals and the legitimate means of obtaining them.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conformity
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25. _____ is defined as the shared power of a group of connected and engaged individuals to influence an outcome the collective deems desirable.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Collective Efficacy
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26. _____ is a project designed by Clifford Shaw to “treat” communities from which most delinquents came.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chicago Area Project
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27. Is anomie a term meaning “lacking in rules” or “normlessness” used by Durkheim to describe a condition of normative deregulation in society?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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28. _____ is known as a term meaning “lacking in rules” or “normlessness” used by Durkheim to describe a condition of normative deregulation in society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Anomie
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29. Anomie/strain tradition has had a large impact on theory generation in criminology.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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30. Structural theorists believe crime is which of the following?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Socially constructed
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31. Human ecology describes the interrelations of humans and the environment?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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32. Who developed social disorganization theory?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Travis Hirschi
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33. Who developed General Strain Theory?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Agnew
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34. Transition zones are where social changes leading to delinquency mostly occur.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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35. Social structure is the framework of social institutions?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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36. All of the following are social institutions EXCEPT ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Friends
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37. Social ecology characterized the spatial patterns of US cities?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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38. Short-run hedonism means the actor is seeking immediate gratification of his or her desires without regard for long-term consequences.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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