Transitions are Life events important in altering trajectories ______ from crime
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Correct Answer:
Both
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Trajectories are the paths people take in life, often due to life transitions
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Correct Answer:
True
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The first major perspective to emphasize reciprocal, or feedback, effects in the causal modeling of the theoretical framework
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Correct Answer:
Thornberry's interactional model
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Moffitt's developmental theory or taxonomy is a theoretical perspective proposing that criminal behavior is caused by
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Correct Answer:
Both
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Life-course persistent offenders start offending early and persists in criminal behavior through adulthood
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Correct Answer:
True
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Developmental theories are perspectives of criminal behavior that emphasize the _______ of individuals’ criminality over time
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Correct Answer:
Evolution
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Adolescence-Limited offenders commit crimes only during adolescence and desists from criminal behavior in his or her 20s or adulthood
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Correct Answer:
True
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______ refers to how often the individual offends at certain times.
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Correct Answer:
Frequency
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The general theory of crime assumes that self-control must be established by age ______.
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Correct Answer:
10
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Virtually all studies on life-course/developmental perspective show that most individuals who are arrested become repeat offenders.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Adolescence-limited offenders include all persons who committed offenses when they were teenagers or young adults.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Developmental theories are distinguished by their emphasis on the evolution of individuals’ criminality over time.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Which developmental theory focuses on two different types of offenders, namely life-course persistent offenders and adolescence-limited offenders?
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Correct Answer:
Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy
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Which developmental theory focuses on certain factors having different influences at certain times in a person’s life, as well as the reciprocal or “feedback” effects of subsequent variables or behavior on the earlier antecedent factors, creating a feedback loop?
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Correct Answer:
Thornberry’s interactional model
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This small group, estimated to be 4% to 8% of offenders—albeit the most violent and chronic—commit the vast majority of serious, violent offenses in any society, such as murder, rape, and armed robbery.
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Correct Answer:
Life-course persistent
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Which theoretical model is considered as “antidevelopment” in the sense that it proposes that once an individual has an early propensity toward criminality; it is virtually impossible to change that propensity and such person’s will likely continue offending?
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Correct Answer:
Gottfredson and Hirschi’s theory of low self-control
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Which developmental theory focuses on transitions and trajectories in our life-course as reasons for causing individuals to reduce their criminal offending, such as getting married or obtaining, a job a person doesn’t want to lose?
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Correct Answer:
Sampson and Laub’s developmental theory
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The term onset refers to when an individual stops committing crime.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Which of the factor in developmental theory seems to offer the best chance for predicting future criminality?
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Correct Answer:
Early onset
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______ is the degree of seriousness of the offenses he or she commits at certain times in their offending career.
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Correct Answer:
Intensity
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