1. Executives who committed corporate crimes at macy's, sears, and bloomingdales spent _____ in jail.
Answer
Correct Answer:
No time
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2. Court decisions that limit police discretion are an example of a(n) __________ stressor.
Answer
Correct Answer:
External stressor
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3. House arrest is a valuable alternative to prison for ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Offenders with special needs
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4. For ________ offenses, the ucr only collects information on recorded arrests.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Part II
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5. _____ is an umbrella term for people from any of the spanish-speaking countries of latin america.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Latino
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6. Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects ________
Answer
Correct Answer:
Whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment.
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7. Thomas szasz made the controversial assertion that ________
Answer
Correct Answer:
Innovator
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8. Prostitution is widely regarded as a ________
Answer
Correct Answer:
Victimless crime.
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9. In the united states, men account for about _____ of all arrests for violent crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
About 80 percent
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10. In 2014, prisoners were serving about ________ percent of their sentences before being released.
Answer
Correct Answer:
58.1
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11. _____________is a phrase used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dark figure of crime
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12. _____ attempt(s) to neutralize the moral demands of society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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13. Male serial killers are more likely to target ________ as victims.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Strangers
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14. "crimes against the person" includes all but ________
Answer
Correct Answer:
Burglary.
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15. One of the key principles of life course theory is that ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The seeds of a criminal career are planted early in life
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16. Younger people commit _____ crime than older people.
Answer
Correct Answer:
More
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17. Social control theory suggests that ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Crime occurs when the forces that bind people to society are weakened or broken
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18. Proportionality holds that ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime
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19. Victim precipitation is When individuals ______ the likelihood they will be victimized, either actively (as a result of something they do) or passively (as a result of something they don’t do)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increase
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20. Victim Precipitation occurs when individuals increase the likelihood they will be victimized_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both
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21. Victim impact statements can be given in
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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22. Victim Impact statements are given by victims during the sentencing phase of a criminal trial; these can be given in _____ way.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Any of these
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23. Testability is the extent to which a theoretical model can be ________ tested through observation and empirical research
Answer
Correct Answer:
Empirically
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24. Testability is the extent to which a theoretical model can be empirically or scientifically tested through _____research.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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25. Temporal Ordering is the l criterion for determining causality; requires that the predictor variable (x)_______ the explanatory variable (y)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Precede
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26. Temporal Ordering is the criterion for determining causality; requires that the predictor variable (x) recede the explanatory variable (y).
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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27. Sanctuary exclusion excludes certain juvenile offenders from juvenile court jurisdiction; thus, their cases originate in criminal rather than juvenile court
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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28. Statutory Exclusion excludes certain juvenile offenders from _____ court jurisdiction.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Juvenile
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29. State police are Agencies with general police powers to
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both
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30. State Police refers to agencies with general police powers to enforce state laws as well as to investigate major crimes; may include intelligence units, and
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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31. Spuriousness is when other factors (often referred to as z factors) are causing two variables (x and y) to occur at ______ time
Answer
Correct Answer:
Same
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32. When other factors (often referred to as z factors) are causing two variables (x and y) to occur at the different time; it may appear as if x causes y, 0when in fact they are both being caused by z factor(s) it is known as Spuriousness.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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33. Scope is the range of ______ behavior that a theory attempts to explain
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criminal
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34. The range of criminal behavior that a theory attempts to explain is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scope
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35. Funds that offenders must provide to victims of crime as a condition of their sentence are known as
Answer
Correct Answer:
Restitution
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36. Restitution refers to _____ that offenders must provide to victims of crime as a condition of their sentence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Funds
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37. Probation is essentially an arrangement between the sentencing authorities and the offender requiring the offender to comply with certain terms for a specified amount of time
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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38. Probation is essentially an arrangement between sentencing authorities and ______ requiring the offender to comply with certain terms for a specified amount of time.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Offender
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39. Prison is generally for those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences, who may be housed in a supermax security prison
Answer
Correct Answer:
Any of the above
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40. Prison is generally for those convicted of more serious crimes with longer sentences, who may be housed in a supermax or ______ Security Prisons.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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41. Parsimony is a characteristic of a _____ theory, meaning that it explains a certain phenomenon, such as criminal behavior, with the fewest possible propositions or concepts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Good
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42. A philosophical perspective that recognizes that the state has both the right and an obligation to intervene on behalf of its citizens due to some impairment or impediment such as mental incompetence, or in the case of juveniles, age and immaturity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Parens patriae
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43. Parens Patriae is a philosophical perspective that recognizes that the state has both the right and an obligation to intervene on behalf of its citizens due to _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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44. Acts that are considered crimes primarily because they have been declared so by the legal codes in that jurisdiction
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mala Prohibita
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45. Mala_____ are acts that are considered crimes primarily because they have been declared so by the legal codes in that jurisdiction.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prohobita
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46. Acts that are considered inherently evil are called
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mala in Se
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47. Mala in se are acts that are considered inherently _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Evil
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48. Logical consistency refers to the extent to which _________ of a theoretical model makes sense in terms of both face value and consistency with what is readily known about crime rates and trends
Answer
Correct Answer:
A & B
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49. Logical Consistency is the extent to which _____ of a theoretical model makes sense in terms of both face value and consistency with what is readily known about crime rates and trends.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both
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50. The authority of a court to hear and decide cases within an area of the law or a geographic territory is called
Answer
Correct Answer:
Limited jurisdiction
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51. Limited Jurisdication is the authority of a court to hear and decide cases within _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both
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52. The authority to waive juvenile court jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court, which brings about an immediate _____ in the severity of response to the juvenile.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increase
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53. Judicial Waiver is The authority to waive ______ court jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court
Answer
Correct Answer:
Juvenile
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54. Jail is a Residential facility often designated
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both
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55. Jail is residential facility often designated for individuals _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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56. The primary focus of Highway patrol is to enforce the laws that govern the operation of motor vehicles on public roads and highways
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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57. _____ is one type of model characterizing statewide police departments.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Highway Patrol
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58. Empirical validity refers to the extent to which a theoretical model is supported by
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scientific research
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59. Empirical Validity refers to the extent to which a _____ model is supported by scientific research.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Theoretical
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60. ________ refers to Behaviors that are not normal; includes many illegal acts, as well as activities that are not necessarily criminal but are unusual and often violate social norms
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deviance
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61. Deviance refers to behaviors that are not normal; includes many illegal acts, as well as activities that are not necessarily criminal but are unusual and often violate _____ norms.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Social
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62. Criminology is the scientific study of _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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63. Criminal justice often refers to the various and _______ criminal justice agencies and institutions
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interrelated
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64. Criminal justice often refers to the various and interrelated criminal justice _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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65. From a legalistic approach, crime is that which violates the law
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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66. From a legalistic approach, _____ is that which violates the law.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Crime
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67. Correlation or Covariation is a criterion of causality that requires a change in a predictor variable (x) to be _____ associated with some change in the explanatory variable (y)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consistently
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68. A criterion of causality that requires a change in a predictor variable (x) to be consistently associated with some change in the explanatory variable (y) is known as_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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69. Consensus perspective are theories that assume that virtually everyone is in disagreement on the laws
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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70. Theories that assume that virtually everyone is in agreement on the laws and therefore assume no conflict in attitudes regarding the laws and rules of society is known as _____ Perspective.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consensus
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71. Conflict perspective refers to criminal behavior theories that assume that most people agree on what the law should be
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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72. Criminal behavior theories that assume that most people disagree on what the law should be and that law is used as a tool by those in power to oppress other groups is known as _____ Perspective.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conflict
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73. In concurrent jurisdiction original jurisdiction for certain cases is shared by both criminal and juvenile courts
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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74. Cncurrent Jurisdication is original jurisdiction for certain cases is shared by _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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75. Compensations are often paid to victims of violent acts; funds are provided to victim through _______ governmental agencies
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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76. Compensation is often paid to victims of violent acts; funds are provided to victim through _____ governmental agencies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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77. Criminology is the scientific study of crime, especially why people engage in crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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78. A major limitation of the NCVS is that crimes, such as prostitution, drug dealing, and gambling, are not often revealed in interviews for obvious reasons.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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79. ______ is/are often designated for individuals convicted of minor crimes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Jails
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80. The United States is seen as having a ______ court system.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dual
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81. ______ crimes are wrong because they are prohibited but they are not inherently immoral.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mala prohibita
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82. There are six methods used by law enforcement agencies throughout the United States to gather crime statistics.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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83. ______ crimes are inherently evil and immoral in nature.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mala in se
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84. A consensus perspective of crime views those with power making the decisions regarding legality.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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85. The ______ perspective is the formal system of laws and the enforcement of those laws incorporating the norms in society on which there is a broad normative consensus.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consensus
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86. The general purpose of the criminal justice system can be further simplified into three goals: to control crime, to prevent crime, and to provide and maintain justice.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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87. The first state police agency was the Texas Rangers.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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88. Deviant acts are not necessarily against the law but are considered atypical and may be deemed more immoral rather than illegal.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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89. Most mala prohibita activities are considered highly deviant, not necessarily the case for mala in se acts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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90. This crime measurement collects data on individuals who have been the victims of crimes, whether or not these crimes were reported to law enforcement.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The NCVS
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91. The primary objective of this crime measurement method is to generate a consistent set of crime statistics that can be used in law enforcement administration, operation, and management.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The UCR
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92. Detention is a short-term secure confinement of a juvenile for the protection of the juvenile or for the protection of society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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93. In this case, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a juvenile is entitled to the right to notice of charges, right to counsel, right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, and the right against self-incrimination.
Answer
Correct Answer:
In re Gault
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94. This model of state law enforcement has general police powers and enforces state laws, conduct routine patrols, and traffic regulation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
State police
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95. There is one agency for law enforcement officers and that is at the state level.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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