1. In strain theory, an adaptation to strain in which an individual buys into conventional means (work, school, etc.) of attaining goals but does not buy into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.) refers to _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ritualism
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2. In strain theory, an adaptation to strain in which an individual buys into conventional means (work, school, etc.) of attaining goals but does not buy into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ritualism
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3. Retreatist Gang is a type of gang identified by Cloward and Ohlin that tends to attract individuals who have failed to succeed in _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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4. A type of gang identified by Cloward and Ohlin that tends to attract individuals who have failed to succeed in both the conventional world and the criminal or conflict gangs of their neighborhoods
Answer
Correct Answer:
Retreatist gangs
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5. In strain theory, an adaptation to strain in which an individual does not buy into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.) and also does not buy into conventional means of attaining them (work, school, etc.) refers to _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Retreatism
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6. The heightened perception of inequality that results when relatively poor people live in close proximity to relatively wealthy people is called
Answer
Correct Answer:
Relative Deprivation
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7. Relative Deprivation is the heightened perception of inequality that results when relatively poor people live in close proximity to relatively wealthy people.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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8. In strain theory, an adaptation to strain in which an individual buys into the idea of conventional goals and means of reaching them but does not buy into the current conventional means (work, school, etc.) or goals (wealth, success, etc.) is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rebelllion
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9. Reaction Formation is a Freudian defense mechanism applied to Cohen’s theory of youth offending, which involves adopting attitudes or committing behaviors that are similar to what is expected.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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10. In the Durkheimian model, those societies that have a high division of labor and thus a low level of agreement about societal norms, largely because there is such a wide variety of roles
Answer
Correct Answer:
Organic societies
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11. In the Durkheimian model, those societies that have a high division of labor and thus a low level of agreement about societal norms, largely because there is such a wide variety of roles refers to _____ Societies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Organic
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12. In Durkheim’s theory, Mechanical societies are primitive societies with a simple distribution of labor
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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13. In Durkheim’s theory, primitive societies with a simple distribution of labor (e.g., hunters and gatherers) and thus a high level of agreement regarding social norms and rules because nearly everyone is engaged in the same roles refers to _____Societies.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mechanical
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14. In strain theory, an adaptation to strain in which an individual buys into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.) but does not buy into conventional means of attaining them (work, school, etc.) is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Innovation
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15. In strain theory, innovation is an adaptation to strain in which an individual buys into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.) but does not buy into conventional means of attaining them (work, school, etc.)
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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16. A type of lower-class male youth, identified by Cohen, who responds to strain and status frustration by joining with similar others to commit crime
Answer
Correct Answer:
Delinquent boy
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17. A type of lower-class male youth, identified by Cohen, who responds to strain and status frustration by joining with similar others to commit crime is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Delinquent Boy
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18. Criminal gangs tend to be highly organized and stable
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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19. Criminal Gangs is a type of gang identified by Cloward and Ohlin that forms in _____ class neighborhoods with an organized structure of adult criminal behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower
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20. Corner boy is a type of ______-class male youth
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower
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21. A type of lower-class male youth who has experienced the same strains and status frustration as others but responds to his disadvantaged situation by accepting his place in society as someone who will somewhat passively make the best of life at the bottom of the social order is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
Corner Boy
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22. In strain theory, conformity is an adaptation in which an individual buys into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.) but does not buy into conventional means of attaining them (work, school, etc.)
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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23. In strain theory,Conformity is an adaptation in which an individual buys into conventional goals (wealth, success, etc.) and also buys into conventional means of _____ them.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Attaining
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24. Conflict gangs are a type of gang identified by Cloward and Ohlin that tends to develop in neighborhoods with weak stability and little or no organization
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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25. Conflict Gang is a type of gang identified by Cloward and Ohlin that tends to develop in neighborhoods with_____
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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26. College boys are type of _____ male youth who has experienced the same strains and status frustration as his peers but responds to his disadvantaged situation by dedicating himself to doing well in school despite his unlikely chance of success
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower class
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27. A type of lower-class male youth who has experienced the same strains and status frustration as his peers but responds to his disadvantaged situation by dedicating himself to doing well in school despite his unlikely chance of success is known as _____
Answer
Correct Answer:
College Boy
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28. According to Durkheim, the extent to which people in a society share similarities or likeness; the ________ collective conscience, the less crime in that community
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stronger
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29. According to Durkheim, Collective Conscience is the extent to which people in a society share similarities or likenesses; the stronger the collective conscience, the _____ crime in that community.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Less
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30. Anomie is a concept originally proposed by Durkheim, which meant normlessness or the chaos that takes place when a society (e.g., economic structure) changes very rapidly
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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31. Anomie is a concept originally proposed by Durkheim, which meant _____ that takes place when a society (e.g., economic structure) changes very rapidly.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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32. In adaption to strain there are ________ ways that individuals deal with feelings of strain
Answer
Correct Answer:
5
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33. As proposed by Merton, there are _____ ways that individuals deal with feelings of strain.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Five
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34. According to Merton, this adaptation accepts both the institutionalized means and the cultural goals.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conformity
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35. According to Cloward and Ohlin, ______ gangs develop in neighborhoods that have weak stability and little or no organization.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conflict
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36. Another key recommendation from social structure perspective involves developing healthy coping mechanisms to strain.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Relative deprivation
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37. Social structure theories suggest that crime is a result of societal structure and not of individual propensities or personal decision making.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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38. ______, in strain theory, is an adaptation to strain in which an individual buys into the idea of conventional means and goals of success but does not buy into the current conventional means or goals.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rebellion
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39. ______ societies, in Durkheim’s theory, were rather primitive with a simple distribution of labor (e.g., hunters and gatherers) and thus a high level of agreement regarding social norms and rules because nearly everyone was engaged in the same roles.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mechanical
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40. According to Cohen, the ______ boy responds to a disadvantaged situation by dedicating himself to overcoming the odds and competing in the middle-class schools.
Answer
Correct Answer:
College
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41. According to Cohen, the ______ boy accepts his place in society as a lower-class individual who will somewhat passively make the best life at the bottom of the social order.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Corner
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42. According to Guerry, violent crime rates are highest in poor areas, whereas property crimes tend to cluster in more wealthy areas.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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43. Collective ______, according to Durkheim, is the extent to which people in a society share similarities or likeness.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conscience
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44. According to Cloward and Ohlin, ______ gangs in lower-class neighborhoods have an organized structure of adult criminal behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Criminal
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45. The one thing that all forms of strain theory have in common is their emphasis on a sense of frustration in crime causation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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46. ______ societies, in Durkheim’s model, have a high division of labor and thus a low level of agreement about societal norms, largely because everyone has such different roles in society.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Organic
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47. According to Guerry, violent crime rates to be highest in poor areas, whereas property crimes tend to cluster in more wealthy areas.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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