1. _____ is defined as the environment experienced by children reared in the same family (parental SES, religion, values and attitudes, parenting style, family size, intactness of home, and neighborhood) assumed to make them similar.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Shared Environment
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2. _____ is a neurological theory based on the proposition that behavior is regulated by two opposing mechanisms, the behavioral activating system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS).
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reward Dominance Theory
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3. Is prefrontal Cortex occupies about one-third of the front part of the brain’s cerebrum. It has many connections with other brain structures and plays the major integrative and supervisory roles in the brain?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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4. _____ is known as the observable and measurable behavioral and personality characteristics of any living thing as a result of genes interacting with the environment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Phenotype
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5. _____ is defined as the proportion of total reproductive effort invested in rearing offspring; traits facilitating parenting effort are associated with prosocial behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Parenting Effort
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6. _____ is that part of the environment referring to the unique experiences that make children from the same family different.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nonshared Environment
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7. Is neurotransmitters brain chemicals that carry messages from neuron to neuron across the synaptic gap?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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8. _____ is known as brain cells consisting of the cell body, an axon, and a number of dendrites.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Neurons
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9. _____ is defined as the proportion of total reproductive effort allotted to acquiring sexual partners; traits facilitating mating effort are associated with antisocial behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mating Effort
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10. _____ is a concept defined by a number ranging from 0 to 1 indicating the extent to which variance in a phenotypic trait in a population is due to genetic factors.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Heritability
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11. Is genotype a person’s genetic makeup?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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12. _____ is known as variations in the same gene allele (alternate form of a gene) such as SNPs and VNTRs.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Genetic Polymorphisms
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13. _____ is defined as strands of DNA that code for the amino acid sequences of proteins.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Genes
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14. _____ is the interaction of a genotype with its environment: People are differentially sensitive to identical environmental influences because of their genes and will thus respond in different ways to them.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gene–Environment Interaction
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15. Is gene–Environment Correlation the notion that genotypes and the environments they find themselves in are related because parents provide children with both?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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16. _____ is known as an autonomic nervous system mechanism that mobilizes the body for action in response to threats by pumping out epinephrine.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Flight/Fight System
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17. _____ is defined as a chronic condition affecting the brain resulting from an individual’s prenatal alcohol exposure.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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18. _____ is a way of thinking about human behavior using a Darwinian evolutionary theoretical framework.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Evolutionary Psychology
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19. Is cheats individuals in a population of cooperators who gain resources from others by signaling their cooperation and then defaulting?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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20. _____ is known as inhibits or modulates behavior and associated with serotonin.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavioral Inhibition System
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21. _____ is defined as a branch of genetics that studies the relative contributions of heredity and environment to behavioral and personality characteristics.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavioral Genetics
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22. _____ is a reward system associated chemically with the neurotransmitter dopamine and anatomically with pleasure areas in the limbic system.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavioral Activating System
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23. Is allele an alternate form of the same gene, for example, a “blue” allele versus a “brown” allele of the gene coding for eye color?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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24. _____ is known as any behavior that contributes directly or indirectly to an individual’s survival and reproductive success.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adaptive Behavior
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25. Which of the following is a neurological theory based on the propositions that behavior is regulated by two opposing mechanisms, the BAS and BIS?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reward Dominance Theory
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26. Which of the following best describes what neuroscience has learned about human behavior?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The neuronal networks that control vital functions are present at birth, with others developing over time
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27. The ______ system is associated with the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavioral activating
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28. Johnny has a genetic predisposition to seek excitement, which leads him to seek out other adventure-lovers. This seeking out of his “niche” in society is best identified with a(n) ______ G/E correlation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Active
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29. The ______ perspective focuses on the interaction of heritable traits and the environment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavior genetics
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30. ______ view crime as a form of “cheating” that allows offenders to obtain resources illegitimately.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Evolutionary psychologists
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31. The ______ perspective focuses on the process of natural selection, as well as mating and parenting practices.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Evolutionary psychology
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32. Biosocial criminologists tend to be stronger proponents of treatment than punishment in our system’s response to crime.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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33. Humans invest less in parenting effort than any other species.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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34. The same polymorphism of the ______ transporter gene has been found to be linked to both sexual and criminal behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dopamine
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35. Dopamine and serotonin are examples of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Neurotransmitters
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36. Genetic influences are more strongly linked to adult antisocial behavior than juvenile behavior.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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37. ______ are chemical messengers that carry information between neural networks.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Neurotransmitters
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38. Neural pathways formed later in life are more resistant to change than those formed during childhood.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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39. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been found to predict criminal behavior in offspring.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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