Truth in sentencing is a policy stemming from the belief that convicts should serve the period that they have been sentenced to and not be allowed to earn good-time credit toward a parole release.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Statutes that mandate courts to impose harsher sentences on habitual offenders convicted of three or more serious offenses is called __________ .
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Correct Answer:
Three strikes
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____________ is an approach to justice that considers the therapeutic harm and benefits experienced by people engaging with the system.
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Correct Answer:
Therapeutic justice
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U.S. laws under slavery that governed the relationship between slaves and slave owners and that gave slave owners absolute power over slaves is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Slave codes
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A set of sentencing minimums and maximums for specific crimes is called __________ .
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Correct Answer:
Sentencing guidelines
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__________ is a professional panel charged with determining sentencing options for a given jurisdiction.
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Sentencing commissions
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The punishment declared by the court to a defendant for being found guilty for a crime is known as :
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Sentence
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Individual characteristics and background found by research to be correlated to criminal behavior, especially to reoffending during or after correction- system involvement, such as current offense type and severity, prior offense history and system involvement, and mental health history is called __________ .
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Risk Factor
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Examine relevant factors to measure an offender’s risk of recidivism or risk of violent behavior.
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Correct Answer:
Risk assessment instrument
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A theory of justice that sees punishment and exacting just deserts as the best response to crime is called _________ .
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Correct Answer:
Retributive justice
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An approach to repairing the harm caused by crime through cooperative practices among victims, offenders, and the community is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Restorative justice
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Restitution is a repayment of money or services to the victim or to society, which may be mandated as part of an offender’s sentence.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The return to criminal behavior after being supervised for a conviction. In research, recidivism is measured over a given period is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Recidivism
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An investigation of a person convicted of a crime, which is used to produce a presentence investigation report to the court and to inform the judge and the sentencing outcome is called __________ .
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Presentence investigations
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An agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant whereby the defendant pleads guilty to a (usually lesser) charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor is known as:
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Plea bargain
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Parole board is a panel of individuals that decides whether an offender should be released from prison to parole after serving at least a minimum portion of his or her sentence.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Individual characteristics and circumstances that may be or seem to be related to criminal behavior but which research has not found to be directly correlated to offending or reoffending, such as low self-esteem and depression is called________ .
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Correct Answer:
Non Criminogenic needs
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Driving Under the Influence, also DWI (Driving While Intoxicated), is the crime of operating a motor vehicle with impaired abilities. Measuring blood alcohol level is one way of determining a driver’s intoxication status is called _________ .
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DUI
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Diversion is programming designed to enable law violators to avoid incarceration, criminal charges, or a criminal record.
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Correct Answer:
Diversion
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A difference in the likelihood that individuals of different race or ethnicity will have some particular outcome, such as being sentenced to incarceration after a drug conviction is known as:
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Disparity
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Deterrence is the use of punishment, or the threat of punishment, to discourage individuals from committing crime.
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Correct Answer:
True
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___________ is a sentence to confinement for a fixed or minimum period that is specified by statute.
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Determinate sentencing
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The process of reducing or abolishing criminal penalties related to a certain action or behavior is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Decriminalization
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Changeable characteristics and circumstances found in research to be correlated to criminal behavior is called ___________ .
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Correct Answer:
Criminogenic needs
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When an individual is found by a court of law to be guilty of a criminal offense is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Conviction
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The _____________ theory coincides with the three strikes law in California.
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Incapacitation
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States began to review their penal codes in the 1980s to emphasize punishment.
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Correct Answer:
True
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All of the following were a response to the decrease in rehabilitation efforts except?
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Decrease in prison overcrowding
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Rehabilitation incorporated which of the following factors?
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Correct Answer:
All of the above
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____________ is consistent with the totalitarian political system.
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Retributive justice
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Slave codes attempted to regulate what owners could do to their human chattel.
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True
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Scholarly work can play a role in changing penal philosophies.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Which of the following is an example of non-criminogenic needs?
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Correct Answer:
All of the above
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The risk assessment instrument ranks the severity of the offense and an offender’s history.
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Correct Answer:
True
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_________________ are reported in the presentence report.
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Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Prosecutors compile the presentence reports.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Sentencing as an insiders game implies that little is understood by all of the following except?
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Prosecutors
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Structured sentencing states use a grid that looks at the race and gender of the offender.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Which of the following sentencing schemes implies that individuals are sentenced via more exact terms?
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Correct Answer:
Determinate
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Indiana has indeterminate sentencing laws.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Parole boards do not exert influence over offender’s terms of release.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Sentencing decisions can incorporate the recommendations of prosecutors, probation staff, and state laws.
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Correct Answer:
True
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