Research (Practicle, Real-World) MCQ Questions Answers

1. Qualitative explanations tend to be _____ and quantitative explanations tend to be _____.

2. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves open, axial, and selective coding is known as ?

3. _________is in the method of grounded theory analysis that involves open, axial, and selective coding, this is the first stage of thematic coding that tries to identify the main themes in the data.

4. A form of qualitative analysis that focuses on elements that are easily identified and counted, such as specific words,_________, or themes. This is common in content analysis.

5. In quantitative analysis, these are codes used to give meaning to observed content, and it is common in content analysis is known as Latent content.

6. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves_________and analytic codes is known as Index code

7. Flowchart in quantitative data analysis, this is a visual means of linking themes in the data.

8. First-level coding is Initial codes researchers make in qualitative data analysis.

9. In quantitative data analysis, this is the meaning that researchers give to the data based on the subject’s own interpretations (emic meaning) as well as the perspective of the researcher’s discipline is known as Etic meaning.

10. In quantitative data analysis, this is the meaning that researchers give to the data based on the subject’s own interpretations (emic meaning) as well as the perspective of the researcher’s discipline is known as Etic meaning.

11. In qualitative data analysis, this is the meaning that subjects give to their experiences is known as Emic meaning.

12. ________ is a general form of qualitative coding where themes are identified as similar or different to each other and where the units that are identified as similar then become part of the same category.

13. ________ is a means of linking qualitative themes where the themes are linked to each other with circles with, perhaps, different circle sizes representing the various degrees of importance of a theme to the overall research goal.

14. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves open, axial, and selective coding, this is the middle stage of coding that links data themes is known as ?

15. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves open, axial, and selective coding, this is the middle stage of coding that links data themes is known as ?

16. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves attribute, index, and analytic codes, this is the first level of coding is known as ?

17. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves attribute,______, and analytic codes, this is the last stage of coding is known as analytic code

18. In the method of grounded theory analysis that involves attribute,______, and analytic codes, this is the last stage of coding is known as analytic code

19. On a graph, this is the vertical axis that corresponds to the dependent variable is known as ?

20. On a graph, this is the horizontal axis that corresponds to the independent variable is known as ?

21. Pie chart is a circular graph that is divided into sectors where each sector represents a proportion of a variable’s value as part of a whole.

22. Marginal is the univariate information at the end of rows or columns in a bivariate table.

23. A graph that is commonly used to show trends over time is known as Line graph?

24. A graph that is commonly used to show trends over time is known as Line graph?

25. _______ is a tabular display of how often each value for different variables was selected by a subject

26. A pie chart in which the segments of the pie are separated is known as?

27. Bar graph is a graph that represents the values of categorical data with rectangular bars where the low represents the count of proportion for each value.

28. Lines that run in the background of a graph that helps a reader follow the Y-axis values across the______ is known as Axis lines

29. A ________-word summary of the purpose, methods, and main findings of a study is known as Abstract.

30. Zero-order correlation is also known as a bivariate correlation.

31. These are statistical tests of association for which it matter which variable is the dependent or dependent variable is known as Symmetrical measure

32. ________is a form of regression analysis where the computer builds a best-fit regression model by including variables based on the strength of association.

33. When an observed bivariate relationship is actually caused by a first variable outside of the original one is known as Spurious relationship

34. When using dummy variables, this is the _______ dummy variable created from a categorical variable that is omitted from the analysis in order to serve as a comparison is known as Reference category

35. Proportionate reduction of error is statistical tests of effect size that compare the errors a researcher would make in predicting the dependent variable while ignoring the independent variable relative to the errors one would make predicting the dependent variable while now considering the contribution of the independent variable for each category of the dependent variable.

36. Positive relationship is measuring association, this means that the variables are moving in a different direction. As two variables increase in value, so does the other and vice versa.

37. In a multiple regression equation, it is the relationship between a predictor variable and a dependent variable that is independent of other predictor variable known as ?

38. _________ measures the degree of association between two variables while addressing the effects of additional variables simultaneously.

39. _________ measures the degree of association between two variables while addressing the effects of additional variables simultaneously.

40. When measuring association, this means that the variables are moving in opposite directions. As one variable decreases in value, the other increases.

41. When measuring association, this means that the variables are moving in opposite directions. As one variable decreases in value, the other increases.

42. ________ is a straight line that is the best fit for the observed relationship between two normally distributed interval/ratio measures.

43. _______ is the mathematical analysis used to determine the best-fit regression line for observed data.

44. _________ is a type of spurious relationship where the main independent variable X affects a third variable Z, which in turn is what produces the change in Y.

45. _________ is a type of spurious relationship where the main independent variable X affects a third variable Z, which in turn is what produces the change in Y.

46. ________ is a type of spurious relationship in which the original bivariate relationship of X and Y is different for different values of a third variable, Z.

47. _______ is a partial correlation that adds the first (one) control variable to a bivariate comparison.

48. Entry regression method is a regression method where some the variables a researcher is interested in analyzing are put into the equation regardless of whether the variable has a inconsequential significant effect on the dependent variable

49. See inessential significance element generally units of observation about which a researcher is collecting information is known as Effect size

50. A means of converting categorical variables into aliphatic ones in order to be able to run regression analyses is known as Dummy variable

51. Direct relationship is a partial correlation that indicates that the third, control, variable does not seem to have an effect on the original bivariate relationship.

52. A table showing the correlation coefficients between variables are known as Correlation matrix ?

53. Control Variables other than the main independent variable that might influence the dependent variable and are, therefore, included in the statistical analysis.

54. _______ is an association measure for which it is important for the researcher to have a clear sense of which variables are independent and dependent, respectively.

55. In the chi-square statistical formula, this is the number of sample observations that are in each cell of comparison is known as Observed frequency.

56. When being in one sample means that you are not in the second sample is known as Independent samples.

57. When two or more samples have similar variances across the sample is known as Homogeneity of variances.

58. When two or more samples have similar variances across the sample is known as Homogeneity of variances.

59. In the chi-square statistical formula, this is the approximate number of observations we would expect to see in each cell if the one variable was dependent, meaning unrelated is known as Expected frequency

60. _________ samples in which being in one sample or having specific sample characteristics is necessary (dependent) for being part of the second sample, such as in before/after experimental designs and matched samples.

61. Z- distribution is otherwise known as the normal distribution, this distribution helps find probabilities and percentiles of small , discontinuous , randomly selected data.

62. In hypothesis testing, this refers to when the critical area to reject the null can be in the right or left tail of the distribution is known as Two-tailed test.

63. T-distribution is a probability distribution used to estimate population parameters when the sample size is large and/or the population variance is unknown.

64. The part of distribution that is furthest from the mean is known as ?

65. Short for probability of error value is known as ?

66. The singular value in a probability sample that is obtained to approximate the population parameter

67. _________ is in hypothesis testing, this refers to when the critical area to reject the null is either in the right or left tail of the distribution, but not both.

68. __________ statistical tests that relate observed sample data to unobserved population characteristics.

69. Degrees of freedom is the number of observations of data that are free to vary before constraints are violated when ______statistical parameters.

70. In hypothesis testing, this cutoff point for which a researcher considers an insufficiently improbable value that is the outcome of the null region is known as Alpha level?

71. Summarizing or examining two variables without relating it to other variables are known as Univariate.

72. Statistical significance is a threshold, usually a minimum of ______that helps determine whether an observed result is likely because of chance (hence the null hypothesis cannot be rejected) or a phenomenon of interest.

73. _________is in multivariate analyses, these are variables other than the main independent variable(s) of interest that might affect the dependent variable and threaten validity if not included in the model.

74. _______ is a way to summarize and to compare patterns in information observed in data.

75. _________ is a linear graphical representation of where data should be if the distribution is normal compared to what data actually look like.

76. Normal distribution is also known as the______.

77. Comparisons that involve two variables is known as Multivariate

78. Inferential statistics are statistical tests that relate observed sample data to observed population characteristics.

79. Frequency is a graphical representation of the distribution of data that is commonly used to determine whether a distribution is normally distributed or not.

80. Statistical tests that summarize the spread of a distribution of sample responses to a variable.

81. Statistics that summarize or compare patterns in sample data without trying to relate those patterns to the wider population is known as ?

82. Statistical test that summarizes the typical sample response to a variable.

83. Statistical comparisons that examine how two variables relate to each other is known as ?

84. ________ is usually a shortened name given to a piece of information, such as a survey question, that is used for computer identification of specific pieces of data.

85. _________ is in a codebook, this is usually the full-working question that corresponds to a piece of data, such as a full survey question.

86. _________ is a summative measure where the coded response of individual questions all measuring the same dimension of a concept and which are usually individually asked in a five- to seven-point Likert format are added to produce a total value, which is the scale score.

87. __________ is a measure that consists of the summation of responses to hierarchically related individual questions and from which, if the scale is accurate, original question responses can be deduced.

88. Codebook contains information about the structure of the data, such as _________.

89. _______from a research perspective, these are people who have vested interest in a program and who, therefore, should have a voice in the design of research related to that program.

90. _______ is in evaluation research, this is what is actually done in the program.

91. In evaluation research, this is the immediate impact of the program is known as?

92. Diagrams that outline the individual components of an evaluation process are known as Logic models.

93. In evaluation research, anything that goes into a program, including clients,_______, and resources, that will need to be tracked in a study is known as input .

94. ________ is in evaluation research, this “closes the loop” by suggesting or raising questions about what to do next and/or how to use the information learned.

95. In evaluation reports, this is the bottom-line summary that briefly summarizes the purpose of the evaluation, the goals of the program, a brief nontechnical overview of the research methods, the main findings in non-statistical terms, and the ensuing feedback or suggestions for moving forward is known Executive summary?

96. Programs designed based on the findings of research are known as ?

97. _________ is a form of evaluation research that focuses on estimating the program costs compared to whether the outcome was achieved or not (and not the economic benefits of the outcome).

98. A form of evaluation research that focuses on estimating the program costs and the economic benefits of the outcomes are known as ?

99. _________ in evaluation research, this can be an outline of program goals, inputs, measures, and who will be responsible for gathering/tracking information.

100. In qualitative research, this is a systematic means of identifying subjects based on a researcher’s simultaneous processing of the observed information is known as?