Research Methods (Social Work) MCQ Questions Answers

1. Developing a research question is the _____ step in the research process.

2. Those who are most likely to learn from observing a model are probably _______.

3. "a well-designed method ________.

4. In a pert chart, the _______ path is the most time-consuming set of tasks in a project.

5. Likert scales are designed to be ______ in measurement.

6. Experimental research is best suited for gathering ________ information.

7. An experiment ________.

8. A sample is always ________ a population.

9. A program logic model is a visual representation of the relationship between the program’s core components.

10. Cost–benefit analysis evaluation is used to determine if the cost of the program outweighs the benefits of the program.

11. Cost-effectiveness evaluation is used to compare ______ or more programs to determine the trade-offs between each program’s cost and each program’s outcome.

12. ______ evaluation is used to determine if the program met its short-term goals.

13. ______ evaluation is used to determine whether the program activities have been implemented as intended.

14. ______ evaluation is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program.

15. ______ evaluation is used to determine the feasibility of the program’s implementation and for monitoring the ongoing program.

16. ______ evaluations focus on the extent to which the impacts of the program can be demonstrated under authentic program settings.

17. ______ evaluations demonstrate the ability of a program to achieve its stated outcomes under experimentally controlled settings.

18. Program evaluation is the systematic scientific and rigorous evaluation of a program’s ______.

19. Standardized measures are not appropriate for measuring the target because they are not reliable or valid.

20. Individualized rating scales are tailor-made for each client to measure how the client operationalized the target behavior.

21. ______ refers to changes in the target behavior that are due to the client recording his or her behavior and is a threat to internal validity.

22. During which phase of treatment is the target behavior operationalized?

23. The underlying assumption of experimental single-case designs is that ______ of the intervention results in a change in the target behavior.

24. In social work, single-case design evaluation has primarily been used to determine the ______ of social work practice.

25. Treatment effectiveness is evaluated by looking at the observations during the ______ phase and comparing them with the observations during the baseline phase.

26. The baseline phase, symbolically referred to as the ______ phase.

27. A time-series design is one where there is repeated measurement of the ______ variable prior to the implementation of the intervention and after the intervention has been implemented.

28. Single-case design evaluation involves using a(n) ______ design to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention.

29. As you code your data, it is important that you write memos or notes to yourself and others involved in the research.

30. Open coding is the process of selecting one core category (the storyline) and relating the other categories to it.

31. ______ coding is the process of making connections among the categories and subcategories that were identified during the open coding process.

32. ______ coding is the process of developing codes and categories based through the close examination of the qualitative data.

33. How does the coding process for qualitative data differ from the coding process of quantitative data?

34. Data derived for ______ data analysis can come from interviews, focus groups, field notes, and documents.

35. It is ______ not to analyze all data that has been collected.

36. When using an inductive approach of thematic analysis, the themes are derived from the ______.

37. ______ analysis is defined as a research method for the subjective interpretation of the content of text data through the systematic classification process of coding and identifying themes or patterns.

38. Qualitative Data Analysis means that the interpretation of qualitative data is used to generate hypotheses and ______.

39. The mean is derived by subtracting all the individual scores, and then multiplying the answer by the total number of scores.

40. In an ANOVA test, the independent variable should be measured on the nominal level and should consist of three categories.

41. Researchers use measures of variability to describe the ______ that the scores are spread around the mean.

42. ______ univariate analyses are used to describe or summarize the data related to a specific variable of interest.

43. Coding involves assigning a ______ value to each category of each variable in your study.

44. The ______ size is a way of quantifying the size of difference between two groups.

45. To determine if the results of an analysis is statistically significant, one needs to look at the ______ value associated with the analysis.

46. Which of the following is used to estimate a parameter of a type of statistics?

47. What are the two types of statistics?

48. The independent-sample t test is also referred to as the ______-sample t test.

49. An example of a closed-ended question is one where the respondents are asked to rate their attitude about something on a 5-point Likert-type scale, where 1 = disagree and 5 = agree.

50. Closed-ended questions require the respondents to respond to the question in their own words.

51. If you plan to administer the survey at multiple points in time, you will use a ______ survey design.

52. Which of the following can increase a survey’s response rate?

53. Coverage error leads to ______ results.

54. ______ error occurs when researchers do not have a complete list of names of the individuals in the sampling frame from which the sample is drawn.

55. Which of the following is an example of random error?

56. Which of the following must be included in a mailed survey, according to the text?

57. A ______ involves collecting data from everyone in the population.

58. Survey research is a type of ______ research design.

59. The sampling interval is calculated by multiplying the entire population by the desired sample size.

60. An example of sampling with replacement is selecting a number for a participant from a hat, including the participant associated with the number in the sample, and then putting the number back in the hat so that it can be selected again.

61. Using the ______ method, a researcher assigns a number to everyone who is on the list complied from the sampling frame and put this number on a piece of paper and then puts the paper in a hat

62. With ______ sampling, we can determine the likelihood that any individual in the sampling frame can be selected.

63. A ______ sample is one that closely matches the population from which it was drawn.

64. The ______ is used to select those who will be included in the sample.

65. The ______ is what you are comparing in the study.

66. Which type of sampling strategy is based on the accessibility of people from the target population?

67. The ______ is all the individuals or things the researcher is interested in for the study being undertaken.

68. Why might a sample differ from a population?

69. A spurious relationship is one in which the relationship between the exposure variable and outcome variable is due to a confounding variable.

70. An ecological fallacy is the assumption that the relationship which exists for groups are assumed to also be true for individuals.

71. A ______ research design is used when a researcher is determining simultaneously the exposure and outcome for everyone in the study.

72. How is association typically measured in an ecological study?

73. A(n) ______ research design is used when researchers initially suspect there is an association between exposure and outcome.

74. Researchers using a(n) ______ research design start by first identifying the outcome and then looking backward in time to see if they can find the determinant or risk factor that contributed to the outcome.

75. Researchers using a(n) ______ research design start by first identifying the determinant or risk factor and then follow the participants over time until they develop the outcome.

76. An incidence rate is the number of new cases arising in a given period in a specified population and is usually expressed as number of cases per ______.

77. An observational cohort research design is appropriate when the outcome is not too ______.

78. A cohort research design can be used to assess ______.

79. Multilevel sampling involves selecting a subset of individuals who participated in the quantitative data collection, and including them in the qualitative sample.

80. Mixed-methods research seeks to answer research questions in a single study at a time.

81. ______ sampling produces a sample where different individuals are included in both the qualitative and quantitative samples, but these individuals have been chosen from the same population.

82. In mixed-methods research, issues related to internal validity or trustworthiness are referred to as ______ quality.

83. ______ is a type of mixed-method design where a researcher first collects and analyzes qualitative data and then collects and analyzes quantitative data.

84. What type of design is it if the researcher introduces the qualitative or quantitative method first depending upon the research purpose?

85. ______ is a type of mixed-method design where a researcher first collects and analyzes quantitative data and then collects and analyzes qualitative data.

86. A ______ design is when both qualitative and quantitative methods are used simultaneously.

87. What is the primary difference between identical and parallel sampling?

88. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a sequential transformative mixed-method study?

89. Full participant refers to being both a member of the setting in which the research is being conducted and not being the person conducting research.

90. As an observer, the researcher has no or minimal interactions with the participant.

91. Which sampling strategy involves selecting persons from the target population based on a certain attributes that the researcher has established?

92. ______ is also referred to as empathic neutrality.

93. What is a researcher called when they study a group they belong to?

94. ______ is the researcher’s understanding of the phenomenon.

95. Reflecting on a researcher’s assumptions and values is known as researcher’s ______.

96. Qualitative researchers must be mindful of their personal ______.

97. In qualitative research, the ______ is the instrument for data collection and analysis.

98. The focus of qualitative research is to discover the meaning ______ give to their interactions with others.

99. In this design, the group not receiving the intervention is referred to as the “control group.”

100. A quasi-experimental design is one where the researcher manipulates the independent variable without the random assignment of participants to an experimental group.