Educational Methods(Improving Schools & Educators) MCQ Questions Answers

1. Observation is the act of carefully watching and ________recording what you see and hear going on in a particular setting.

2. Procedure involving the sharing of interview transcripts, analytical thoughts (such as observational notes with observer’s comments), and drafts with the participants of the study in order to help ensure the quality of data is known as ?

3. Hypothesis that not only states that an effect (or a difference or relationship) will be found but also specifies the direction or nature of that effect is known as directional research hypothesis

4. Characteristic of an academic journal, meaning that any study submitted receives a blind, peer review by a maximum of two reviewers, who provide comments on the quality of the study as well as on the written manuscript detailing the study is known as Refereed

5. Groups of educators committed to working _________in the ongoing process of collective inquiry and action research is known as Professional learning communities.

6. Online discussion forum conducted via email. In education, typically located on a _______computer network and hosted by a university is known as the Electronic mailing list.

7. Academic journal appearing entirely in electronic format (as opposed to print format), usually accessible online _______ journals.

8. Learning community made up of educational professionals driven by a common goal of practicing________ teaching as a means of improving classroom instructional practice is known as the Action research community.

9. Periodicals that publish manuscripts detailing empirical research studies are known as Academic journals

10. “_______ manual” for academic writing is known as Style guide

11. Agreed-upon procedures that help ensure the readability and credibility of research reports are known as ________.

12. Brief summary of the contents of a research article, typically including the results and conclusions of the study is known as ________.

13. Action plan resulting from action research carried out by a network of practitioner-researchers are known as Team action planning.

14. Broad-based action plan resulting from a schoolwide action research project is called the School-level action planning

15. Action plan resulting from action research carried out by one person is known as Individual action planning.

16. Broad-based action plan resulting from a _________action research project is known as District-wide action planning.

17. Developing stage is the _______of the action research process, consisting of the development of an action plan.

18. Formal or informal plans that do not follow from the results of action research are known as Action plans.

19. ___________ in a given set of data, the average distance of scores away from the mean. One of the measures of dispersion.

20. ______is a representative subset of a population.

21. Inferential statistical tests that compare three measures taken on the different individuals are known as Repeated-measures t test .

22. Measure of dispersion calculated by subtracting the highest score from the lowest score in a given set of data is known as Range.

23. Statistical measure indicating the probability of chance occurrences in a given study is known as _________

24. Determination of the significance of group differences, based on a subjective decision is known as ?

25. Circular type of graph, showing the distribution of categorical scores in a data set is known as ?

26. _________ is standardized test results that allow performance comparisons with other groups of students taking the test.

27. Statistical procedures that indicate what is different within a group of scores. Include range and standard deviation is known as ________.

28. Process of logically analyzing ________data in order to reduce the volume of collected information is known as Inductive analysis.

29. Inferential statistical technique appropriate for research designs where one group is compared on a common dependent variable is known as ?

30. Graphic representation of the distribution of a set of scores is known as ________.

31. Shows the distribution of scores, where individual score values are arranged from highest to lowest is known as ?

32. ________ is a standardized test score, which provides data such as how many questions students attempted and how many correct answers they gave for each category of question.

33. System of categorization used to group qualitative data so that they provide similar types of information is known as ?

34. Inferential statistical test used to compare frequency counts by group is known as _______.

35. Graph similar to a _______but where adjacent bars do not touch because of the categorical nature of the variable Bar graphs.

36. Value that indicates the percentage of the time usually _______that we can be reasonably certain that the differences we obtain actually are due to chance.

37. ________ is alternative to documenting observations by writing field notes.

38. Characteristics of data that deal with the extent to which the data that have been collected accurately measure what they purport to measure is known as _________?

39. Unstructured observations are also known as _________observations.

40. _______is verification of the consistency of various sources of qualitative data while accounting for their inherent biases; focuses on the accuracy and believability of the data.

41. ________ is the process of relating multiple sources of data in order to establish their trustworthiness; used with qualitative research methods.

42. In documentation of a study, the provision of descriptive and contextualized statements so that readers might easily identify with the setting is known as ?

43. ________ is to provide practitioner-researchers the opportunity to maintain narrative accounts of their professional reflections on practice.

44. Assessment that is administered after a substantial unit of instruction, for purposes of assigning grades or some other sort of formal decision is known as __________assessment

45. Observation that requires the observer to do nothing but observe, looking usually for specific behaviors, reactions, or interactions are known as ?

46. __________ is an Interview where the researcher asks only predetermined questions listed on an interview guide.

47. Semi Structured interviews are also known as__________ observation.

48. __________Interview where the researcher asks several “base” questions but also has the option of following up a given question with supplementary or exploratory questions, depending on the participant’s response.

49. Concept related to the consistency of quantitative data is known as ?

50. _________ is the process of intermingling your own preliminary thoughts and interpretations alongside your observational notes.

51. ___________is the act of using other professionals who can help you reflect on your research by reviewing and critiquing your processes of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

52. Open-ended questions are used in surveys or questionnaires, where generals provide their own responses.

53. Interviews in which respondents are asked only a few questions, very broad in their nature, are known as ________-ended interviews.

54. Observer’s comments are _________interpretations of what has been observed; usually interpretations of field notes.

55. Scale similar to Likert scale, but where something other than extent of agreement is being measured is known as ?

56. Statements provided on surveys or questionnaires where individuals are asked to respond on an agree-disagree continuum is known as?

57. Statistical formula used to calculate internal consistency is known as ?

58. Interviews are the conversation between a _______-researcher and a participant .

59. List of either general or specific questions to be asked during an interview is known as?

60. Statistical estimate of the reliability of a test that is administered only once is known as ?

61. Spontaneous interviews that take place throughout the data collection process, typically part of the daily interactions with students in a classroom setting is known as _________?

62. Assessments that are administered during instruction for purposes of revising or adjusting instruction while it is ongoing is known as ?

63. Simultaneous interview of people making up a relatively small group, usually no more than 11 to 12people.

64. External audit is the use of an inside generally to review and evaluate a final research report.

65. _______ emphasizes the need for the researcher to account for the ever-changing context within which research occurs; contributes to the trustworthiness of qualitative data.

66. Narrative accounts or records kept by a variety of sources within a classroom setting is known as ?

67. The trustworthiness of qualitative data; the results of qualitative research are credible or believable from the perspective of participants in the research is known as _________.

68. Human characteristic, unable to be directly observed, is known as ______.

69. Process of establishing the neutrality and objectivity of the data is known as ?

70. Written or visual sources of data, contained within the classroom, which contribute to our understanding of what is occurring in classrooms and schools is known as ?

71. Less formal version of a student journal is known as ?

72. Acting stage is the second stage of the action research process, consisting of collecting and analyzing data.

73. Mixed-methods research design where both quantitative and qualitative data are collected at about the same time and are not given equal emphasis is known as Triangulation mixed-methods design.

74. __________, descriptive design involving the acquisition of information from individuals representing one or more groups—perhaps about their opinions, attitudes, or characteristics—by specifically asking them questions and then tabulating their responses is known as Survey research

75. Closest relative to true experimental designs, the only difference being that there is no random assignment of participants to groups.

76. Hose methodologies that require the collection of and analysis of numerical data; utilize a deductive approach to reasoning is known as _________.research methodologies

77. ________research methodologies are those research methodologies that require the collection and analysis of narrative data; utilize an inductive approach to reasoning.

78. ________ is the rule of research ethics indicating that the findings of research should somehow be likely to contribute to human knowledge or be useful elsewhere in the field of education.

79. Rule of research ethics stating that honesty should be exhibited throughout the entire research process is known as ?

80. Rule of research ethics that states that research should be done in order to acquire knowledge about human beings and the educational process in order to benefit someone or a group is known as ?

81. Rule of research ethics that states that participants should be informed accurately about the purpose of the research and specifically what they will be asked to do as participants is known as the Principle of accurate disclosure.

82. Quasi Experimental design similar to the two-group pretest-posttest design but including the addition of a control group for comparison purposes is known as Pretest-posttest control group design

83. Pre Experimental designs are __________research designs that are seen as precursors to true experimental designs in that they lack several key elements.

84. Correlation coefficient whose value is greater than more , indicating that as the scores or values on one variable decrease , the values on the other variable also decrease is known as Positive correlation

85. The most common measure of the relationship between three variables; symbolized by r is known as Pearson correlation coefficient.

86. _______observation is the act of observing as a researcher but also participating in the group or setting as an equal, active member of that group or setting.

87. ________ is right of center on the participant-observer continuum (between observer-as-participant and full participant), where the researcher continues to observe but also has considerable opportunity to interact with the participants in the study.

88. Describes the nature of a given research study, as well as the level of involvement of minors who will be participating is known as Parental consent form

89. Very primitive type of _________design; involves a single group, which is exposed to some sort of experimental treatment and then post tested after the passage of time is known as One-shot case study

90. Pre Experimental design involving only one group of participants who are pretested, exposed to different treatment conditions, and then post tested is known as One-group pretest-posttest design.

91. Observer-as-participant is the left of center on the participant-observer _______(between observer and participant-as-observer), where the researcher is primarily an observer but has some level of interaction with the participants.

92. _____study similar to case study but not necessarily focused on organizational aspects is known as Observational studies

93. ________research design focusing on a description of a specific aspect of behavior, perhaps a single variable is known as Observational research

94. Case study involving the examination of a particular organization or some aspect of the organization is known as _________case studies

95. Hypothesis that states that no effect will occur in a given study or that no differences between groups or no relationship between variables will be found is known as _______hypothesis

96. ________that states that there will be some sort of effect (or difference or relationship) discovered in the results of a given research study, without stating the nature of the difference or relationship is known as Nondirectional research

97. _________coefficient whose value is less than zero, indicating that as the scores or values on one variable increase, the values on the other variable decrease is known as Negative correlation

98. Reviews proposed research studies in order to ensure the protection of people who will be participating in them; see also Human Subjects Review Board (HSRB) is known as Institutional Review Boards

99. Informed consent forms describe the nature of a given _______study as well as the level of involvement of the participants; necessary for permission to use data collected in the study.

100. HSRBs stands for ____.