Sociology MCQ

1. What people really do is considered __________ culture.

Answer

Correct Answer: Language

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2. The _____, according to marx, were the exploited workers who did not own the means of production.

Answer

Correct Answer: Proletariat

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3. Social change is almost always ________

Answer

Correct Answer: Controversial

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4. In _____, the means of production are privately owned.

Answer

Correct Answer: Capitalism

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5. Before factories, workers could _____ if they did not like something.

Answer

Correct Answer: Pick up their tools and leave

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6. Antivirus software uses ________ to search for known viruses.

Answer

Correct Answer: Signature checking

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7. To interpret _____, we consider facial expressions, posture, and gestures.

Answer

Correct Answer: Body language

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8. Stratification is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A way to determine socioeconomic status the categorization of society into social classes

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9. One important feature of socialism is __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: The lack of a need to compete

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10. Of all societies, _____ are the most egalitarian.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hunters and gatherers

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11. In terms of absolute numbers, most poor people in the united states are ________

Answer

Correct Answer: Non-Hispanic whites.

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12. In general, an important foundation of humor is ________

Answer

Correct Answer: Incongruity-differences in meaning.

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13. Four characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Few technological advances
More dangerous lifestyle
People were nomadic
Healthier diets

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14. By the age of _________, the ratio of women to men is about 2 to 1.

Answer

Correct Answer: 85

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15. According to the social scientists, ________ is an important basis for self-esteem.

Answer

Correct Answer: Self-love

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16. According to its word parts, misogamy means _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: A hatred of marriage.

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17. According to _____, social change is a slow and gradual process.

Answer

Correct Answer: Functionalism

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18. What does the word "domination" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The control of one group or individual by another.

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19. What is the definition of "Dominant status"?

Answer

Correct Answer: One social position that overshadows the other social positions an individual occupies.

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20. What is Division of labor?

Answer

Correct Answer: The assignment of specialized tasks to various members of a group, organization, community, or society.

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21. What is the definition of "discrimination"?

Answer

Correct Answer: The unequal and unfair treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of some irrelevant characteristic

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22. What is the definition of "Discovery"?

Answer

Correct Answer: The uncovering of something that existed but was unknown

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23. What is the process of spread of inventions and discoveries from one group or culture to another on a voluntary basis called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Diffusion

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24. What is the unequal placement and evaluation of various social positions called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Differentiation

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25. What does functional differentiation refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The division of labor or of social roles within a society or an organization.

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26. According to differential association theory, deviant behavior is learned from _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Friends or associates

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27. How does differential association attributed the existence of deviant behavior?

Answer

Correct Answer: By learning from friends or associates

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28. What is the definition of a deviant career?

Answer

Correct Answer: The regular pursuit of activities regarded by the individual and by others as deviant.

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29. What is the definition of deviance?

Answer

Correct Answer: Behaviors or characteristics that violate important social norms.

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30. Which of the following is NOT a quality of punishment that helps prevent others from committing crimes?

Answer

Correct Answer: Leniency

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31. What is the process of breaking down jobs into less complex segments called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Deskilling

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32. What is the goal of a descriptive study?

Answer

Correct Answer: To describe the social phenomena being studied.

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33. What is demography?

Answer

Correct Answer: The scientific study of population size, composition, and distribution as well as patterns of change in those features.

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34. What is the scientific study of population size, composition, and distribution called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Demography

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35. What is democracy?

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of political organization in which power resides with the people and is exercised by them.

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36. What is the socially created perspective that people apply to a situation called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Social norms

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37. Deduction reasoning is best described as:

Answer

Correct Answer: Reasoning from the general to the specific.

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38. Which of the following is NOT a cyclical theory?

Answer

Correct Answer: Marxism

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39. What is the culture of poverty characterized by?

Answer

Correct Answer: Failure to delay gratification, fatalism, and weak family and community ties.

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40. What is culture lag?

Answer

Correct Answer: The time difference between the introduction of material innovations and resulting changes in cultural practices.

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41. What does "culture" refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The common heritage shared by the people of a society, consisting of customs, values, language, ideas, and artifacts.

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42. What is the definition of "cultural universals?"

Answer

Correct Answer: Cultural features, such as the use of language, shared by all human societies.

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43. What is the cultural revolution?

Answer

Correct Answer: The repudiation of many existing cultural elements and the substitution of new ones.

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44. What is the cultural relativism?

Answer

Correct Answer: The view that the customs and ideas of a society must be viewed within the context of that society.

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45. Cultural imposition is the forcing of members of one culture to do what?

Answer

Correct Answer: Adopt the practices of another culture.

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46. What is cultural imposition?

Answer

Correct Answer: The forcing of members of one culture to adopt the practices of another culture.

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47. What is the view that the nature of a society is primarily shaped by?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ideas and values of the people living in it.

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48. What is cultural change?

Answer

Correct Answer: Modifications or transformations of a culture's customs, values, ideas, or artifacts.

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49. What is cultural capital?

Answer

Correct Answer: Symbolic wealth socially defined as worthy of being sought and possessed.

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50. What is the crude death rate?

Answer

Correct Answer: The number of deaths per 1000 persons occurring within a one-year period in a particular population

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51. The crude birth rate is the total number of live births per ___.

Answer

Correct Answer: 1000 persons

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52. What is the crude birth rate?

Answer

Correct Answer: The total number of live births per 1000 persons in a population within a particular year.

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53. What is the main Evidence for inferring causality?

Answer

Correct Answer: Evidence that the two variables are correlated and that the hypothesized cause preceded the hypothesized effect in time.

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54. What is crime?

Answer

Correct Answer: A behavior prohibited by law.

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55. What is a credential?

Answer

Correct Answer: An educational degree or certificate used to determine a person's eligibility for a position.

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56. What does credential mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The educational degree or certificate used to determine a person's eligibility for a position.

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57. What is Cooperation?

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of social interaction involving collaborative effort among people to achieve a common goal.

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58. What is the meaning of convergence theory?

Answer

Correct Answer: A theory suggesting that modernizing nations come to resemble one another over time.

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59. What does convergence theory suggest?

Answer

Correct Answer: In collective behavior, a theory suggesting that certain crowds attract particular types of people, who may behave irrationally.

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60. What does controlling for in research mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The effort to hold constant factors that might be influencing observed changes in the dependent variable.

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61. What does "subjugation" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The use of force and ideology by one group to retain domination over another group.

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62. What is the context of socialization?

Answer

Correct Answer: The setting or arena within which socialization occurs.

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63. What is the definition of socialization?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ideas, beliefs, values, knowledge, and so forth that are presented to people who are being socialized.

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64. Socialization is the process of _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Internalizing the norms and values of society

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65. What makes people in a crowd susceptible to the suggestions of fanatical leaders according to Contagion theory?

Answer

Correct Answer: Anonymity

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66. What is the theory called when people of different racial groups who became acquainted would be less prejudiced toward one another?

Answer

Correct Answer: Contact hypothesis

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67. What is the contact hypothesis?

Answer

Correct Answer: The theory that people of different racial groups who became acquainted would be less prejudiced toward one another.

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68. How many "supercities" were there in the United States in 1984?

Answer

Correct Answer: 21

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69. What is the conjugal family?

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of family organization centered around the husband-wife relationship rather than around blood relationships.

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70. What is a conjugal family?

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of family organization centered around the husband-wife relationship

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71. What is conformity?

Answer

Correct Answer: Going along with the norms or behaviors of a group.

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72. Which of the following is NOT a conflict perspective?

Answer

Correct Answer: Functionalism

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73. What is the difference between conflict and competition?

Answer

Correct Answer: Individuals in conflict are more interested in defeating an opponent than in achieving a goal.

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74. What is the definition of Conflict?

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of social interaction involving direct struggle between individuals or groups over commonly valued resources or goals.

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75. According to concentric-zone theory, what surrounds the central business district?

Answer

Correct Answer: Zones devoted to different land uses

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76. According to Concentric-zone theory, cities grow around a central business district in what shape?

Answer

Correct Answer: Concentric zones

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77. What is the meaning of complementary marriages?

Answer

Correct Answer: Marriages in which husband and wife take distinctly separate family roles.

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78. What is a community?

Answer

Correct Answer: A collection of people in a geographical area

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79. What is commitment?

Answer

Correct Answer: Willingness of members of a group to do what is needed to maintain the group.

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80. What does the word "cohort" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: A group of people sharing something in common

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81. What is cognitive development?

Answer

Correct Answer: The systematic improvement of intellectual ability through a series of stages.

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82. What does a closed system in organizational theory mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The degree to which an organization is shut off from its environment.

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83. What is a class system?

Answer

Correct Answer: A system of stratification based primarily on the unequal ownership and control of economic resources.

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84. Class consciousness is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The sense of common class position and shared interests held by members of a social class.

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85. What is the struggle between competing classes called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Class conflict

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86. What is Class?

Answer

Correct Answer: A social hierarchy based on prestige and/or property ownership.

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87. What is civil religion?

Answer

Correct Answer: The interweaving of religious and political symbols in public life.

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88. What is the branch of law that deals largely with wrongs against the individual?

Answer

Correct Answer: Civil law

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89. What does civil law deal with?

Answer

Correct Answer: Wrongs against the individual

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90. What is a city?

Answer

Correct Answer: A relatively permanent settlement of large numbers of people who do not grow or gather their own food.

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91. What is Church A?

Answer

Correct Answer: An organization with formal and traditional religious doctrine, beliefs, and practices.

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92. What is the capacity of charter schools to confer on their graduates?

Answer

Correct Answer: Special rights

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93. What does charter refer to in the context of schools?

Answer

Correct Answer: The capacity of certain schools to confer special rights on their graduates.

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94. What is a charismatic leader?

Answer

Correct Answer: An individual who enlists the strong emotional support of followers through personal and seemingly supernatural qualities.

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95. What does the word "charisma" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The exceptional mystical or even supernatural quality of personality attributed to a person by others.

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96. What is a closed system of social stratification in which prestige and social relationships are based on hereditary position at birth?

Answer

Correct Answer: Caste system

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97. What is a form of economic organization in which private individuals accumulate and invest capital?

Answer

Correct Answer: Capitalism

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98. What is the birth rate?

Answer

Correct Answer: Number of births per year per 1000 women 15 to 44 years old.

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99. Which of the following is an example of bias?

Answer

Correct Answer: The influence of a scientist's personal values and attitudes on scientific observations and conclusions.

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100. What is authority?

Answer

Correct Answer: Power regarded as legitimate

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101. What is athletics?

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of sport that is closer to work than to play.

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102. What is an Association?

Answer

Correct Answer: A group of people bound together by common goals and rules, but not necessarily by close personal ties.

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103. What is the definition of "assimilation"?

Answer

Correct Answer: The merging of minority and majority groups into one group with a come mon culture and identity.

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104. What does assimilation mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The merging of minority and majority groups into one group with come common culture and identity.

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105. What does the word "apartheid" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The recent policy of racial separation in South Africa enforced by legal political and military power.

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106. What is anomie?

Answer

Correct Answer: A breakdown or confusion in the norms, values, and culture of a group or a society.

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107. What is an anomaly?

Answer

Correct Answer: In science, anomalies are observations or problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.

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108. What does "anomaly" mean in terms of science?

Answer

Correct Answer: Problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.

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109. What is the definition of Amalgamation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The biological as well as cultural assimilation (merging) of racial or ethnic groups.

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110. What does the term "alienation" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The separation or estrangement of individuals from themselves and from others.

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111. What is the primary means of subsistence in agrarian societies?

Answer

Correct Answer: Large scale cultivation using plows and draft animals

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112. What is the definition of an Aggregate?

Answer

Correct Answer: A collection of unrelated people who do not know one another but who may occupy a common space

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113. What is achieved status?

Answer

Correct Answer: A social position (status) obtained through an individual's own talents and efforts.

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114. What is another term for absolute poverty?

Answer

Correct Answer: Extreme poverty

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115. What is the definition of absolute poverty?

Answer

Correct Answer: The condition of having too little income to buy the necessities-- food, shelter, clothing, health care.

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116. What is the American Dream?

Answer

Correct Answer: The belief that all Americans, regardless of the conditions of their birth, have an equal chance to achieve success.

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117. What is an agricultural or agrarian society?

Answer

Correct Answer: A society that raises crops by using animal-drawn plows.

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118. What are agents of socialization?

Answer

Correct Answer: People, groups, and experiences that influence our behavior and self-image.

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119. Achieved status is a status that we either earn or choose and that is not subject to where or to whom we were born.

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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120. What is an absolute monarchy?

Answer

Correct Answer: A political system under which a king or queen has complete control of a country.

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