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Hydraulics for Architectural Engineers MCQ

1. What is the base flow?

Answer

Correct Answer: The part of stream flow that is attributable to long-term discharge of groundwater to the stream.

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2. What is Design Flow?

Answer

Correct Answer: Projected flow through a watercourse which will recur with a stated frequency.

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3. What is the definition of detention?

Answer

Correct Answer: Practices which store storm water for some period of time before releasing it to a surface waterbody.

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4. What is Effective Discharge?

Answer

Correct Answer: The calculated measure of channel forming discharge.

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5. What is the area that will flood with a given probability called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Flood Hazard Zone

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6. What is Flux?

Answer

Correct Answer: The volume of fluid crossing a unit cross-sectional surface area per unit time.

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7. What is the definition of groundwater?

Answer

Correct Answer: Water in the saturated zone

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8. What is the saturated zone?

Answer

Correct Answer: The zone where the pores or fractures of the rocks are completely filled with water.

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9. What is the study of the distribution and movement of water on Earth's surface called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Hydrology

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10. What is Interflow?

Answer

Correct Answer: Flow of water through the upper soil layers to a ditch, stream, etc.

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11. What is sublimation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The process by which a material changes state from solid directly to gas

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12. What is the Moderate Flood Stage?

Answer

Correct Answer: Flooding of structures and main roadways may occur.

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13. What does Minor Flood Stage mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: Some property flooding and public threat may occur.

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14. What is the lag time?

Answer

Correct Answer: The time from the center of mass of the rainfall to the peak of the hydrograph.

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15. What does Low Flow refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: Minimum flow through a watercourse which will recur with a stated frequency.

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16. What is the study of the form and structure of a river, stream, or channel called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Morphology

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17. What is the Muskingum Method?

Answer

Correct Answer: A hydrologic river routing method that uses the continuity equation and a linear storage relationship.

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18. What is the peak flow?

Answer

Correct Answer: Maximum flow through a watercourse which will recur with a stated frequency.

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19. What is precipitation?

Answer

Correct Answer: Water that falls to earth in the form of rain, snow, hail, or sleet.

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20. What is the rating curve?

Answer

Correct Answer: Relationship between depth and amount of flow in a channel

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21. What is the Recession Curve?

Answer

Correct Answer: Portion of the hydrograph where runoff is from base flow.

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22. What is the definition of retention?

Answer

Correct Answer: The process of capturing storm water and releasing it slowly though infiltration into the ground.

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23. What does the term "riparian" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: Pertaining to the bank of a river, pond, or small lake.

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24. What is the definition of "runoff"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Flow of water across the land surface as surface runoff or interflow.

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25. What is the ratio of runoff to precipitation?

Answer

Correct Answer: Runoff Coefficient

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26. What is a scarp?

Answer

Correct Answer: The sloped bank of a stream channel

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27. What is the definition of sediment?

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil fragmental material that originates from weathering of rocks and is transported or deposited by air, water, or ice.

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28. What is a simulation model?

Answer

Correct Answer: A model describing the reaction of a watershed to a storm using numerous equations.

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29. What does "SMS" stand for in terms of soil?

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil Moisture Storage

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30. What is the storage-discharge relation?

Answer

Correct Answer: Values that relate storage in the system to outflow from the system.

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31. What is the main component of a stream corridor?

Answer

Correct Answer: Stream channel

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32. What does a stream corridor generally consists of?

Answer

Correct Answer: The stream channel, floodplain, and transitional upland fringe.

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33. What are subbasins?

Answer

Correct Answer: Hydrologic divisions of a watershed that are relatively homogenous.

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34. What is a Synthetic Design Storm?

Answer

Correct Answer: Rainfall hyetograph obtained through statistical means.

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35. What is the unit hydrograph for ungaged basins based on theoretical or empirical methods?

Answer

Correct Answer: Synthetic Unit Hydrograph

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36. What is Thalweg?

Answer

Correct Answer: The

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37. What is the Theissen Method?

Answer

Correct Answer: A method for areally weighting rainfall through graphical means.

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38. What is the process of transpiration?

Answer

Correct Answer: The conversion of liquid water to water vapor through plant tissue.

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39. What is a unit hydrograph?

Answer

Correct Answer: Graph of runoff vs. time produced by a unit rainfall over a given duration.

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40. Unit Hydrograph is a graph of runoff vs. what?

Answer

Correct Answer: Time

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41. What is the Unsaturated Zone?

Answer

Correct Answer: The zone between the land surface and the water table which may include the capillary fringe

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42. What is a watershed?

Answer

Correct Answer: Area of land that drains to a single outlet and is separated from other watersheds by a divide.

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43. What is Watershed Delineation?

Answer

Correct Answer: Determination of watershed boundaries

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44. What is a water surface profile?

Answer

Correct Answer: A plot of the depth of water in a channel along the length of the channel.

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45. Which of the following is not a property of water table?

Answer

Correct Answer: Earth material below the groundwater table is saturated with water.

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46. What is the water pressure at the water table?

Answer

Correct Answer: Atmospheric pressure

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47. What is the purpose of a weir?

Answer

Correct Answer: To raise the upstream water level

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48. What is the general purpose of a valve?

Answer

Correct Answer: To control or stop the flow in a pipeline or orifice.

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49. What is the purpose of a trash rack?

Answer

Correct Answer: To prevent the ingress of floating or submerged debris.

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50. What is the thickness or width of a dam at the level of the top of the dam called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Top width

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51. What does TOP OF DAM refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The elevation of the uppermost surface of a dam

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52. What is the TOE OF DAM?

Answer

Correct Answer: The junction of the downstream face of a dam with the ground surface

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53. What is the level of water in the discharge channel immediately downstream of the dam called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Tailwater level

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54. What is the definition of storage?

Answer

Correct Answer: The retention of water or delay in runoff by planned operation or by temporarily filling the overflow areas.

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55. What is the purpose of Stoplogs?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide a cheaper or more easily handled means of temporary closure than a bulkhead gate

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56. What is the purpose of a STILLING BASIN?

Answer

Correct Answer: To dissipate the energy of fast-flowing water and to protect the riverbed from erosion.

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57. What is the largest flood that a given project is designed to pass safely?

Answer

Correct Answer: SPILLWAY DESIGN FLOOD

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58. What is the SPILLWAY DESIGN FLOOD?

Answer

Correct Answer: The largest flood that a given project is designed to pass safely

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59. What is a spillway channel?

Answer

Correct Answer: A channel conveying water from the spillway crest to the river downstream.

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60. What is a SERVICE SPILLWAY?

Answer

Correct Answer: A principal spillway used to regulate reservoir releases additional to or in lieu of the outlet.

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61. What is a primary spillway?

Answer

Correct Answer: The principal or first used spillway during flood flows

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62. What is the main purpose of an OGEE Spillway?

Answer

Correct Answer: To allow water to flow over the weir without causing erosion

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63. What is an auxiliary spillway?

Answer

Correct Answer: A secondary spillway designed to operate only during exceptionally large floods.

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64. What is a spillway?

Answer

Correct Answer: A structure over or through which flood flows are discharged.

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65. What is the correct definition of a slide?

Answer

Correct Answer: The movement of a mass of earth fill down a slope.

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66. What is the movement of water that may take place through the dam called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Seepage

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67. Which of the following is not a type of SCARP?

Answer

Correct Answer: Lateral Scarp

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68. What is the meaning of "uncoursed" in the definition of RIP RAP?

Answer

Correct Answer: Irregular in shape or surface

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69. What is a plunge basin?

Answer

Correct Answer: A natural or sometimes artificially created pool that dissipates energy of free falling water

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70. What is the definition of "Piping"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Internal erosion by seepage appearing downstream as a hole or seam discharging water that contains soil particles.

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71. What is the meaning of the word "OUTLET"?

Answer

Correct Answer: An opening in which water can be freely discharged for a particular purpose

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72. What does the word "outlet" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: An opening in which water can be freely discharged for a particular purpose from a reservoir.

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73. What is the definition for a ONE HUNDRED YEAR FLOOD?

Answer

Correct Answer: The flood magnitude expected to be equaled or exceeded on the average of once in 100 years.

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74. What is the probability of a 100-year flood?

Answer

Correct Answer: Once in 100 years

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75. What is a masonry dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dam constructed mainly of stone, brick, or concrete blocks that may or may not be joined with mortar.

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76. What is an INUNDATION MAP?

Answer

Correct Answer: A map delineating the area that would be inundated in the event of a dam failure.

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77. What is the definition of INTAKE?

Answer

Correct Answer: Any structure in a dam through which water can be drawn into an aqueduct.

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78. The height of the dam is measured from ____ to the elevation of the top of the dam.

Answer

Correct Answer: The downstream toe of the dam at its lowest point

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79. What is the full form of GROIN?

Answer

Correct Answer: Grouting Reconnaissance Operations INtelligence

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80. What is the GROIN?

Answer

Correct Answer: The area along the contact of the face of a dam with the abutments.

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81. What does GRAVITY DAM rely on for stability?

Answer

Correct Answer: Weight

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82. What is the full form of GATE?

Answer

Correct Answer: General Apparatus for Testing Equipment

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83. What is the meaning of "GABION"?

Answer

Correct Answer: A prefabricated basket of rock within a wire cage that is free draining and capable of being stacked.

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84. What is the term for the vertical distance between a stated water level and the top of a dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: Freeboard

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85. What is the purpose of the foundation of a dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: To support the dam structure

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86. What is an uncontrolled release of water from an operating dam called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Failure

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87. What is the purpose of an energy dissipator?

Answer

Correct Answer: To reduce or destroy the energy of fast-flowing water.

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88. What is the EMERGENCY GATE?

Answer

Correct Answer: A reserve gate used only when the normal means of water control is not available or at capacity

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89. What is an Emergency Action Plan?

Answer

Correct Answer: A predetermined plan of action to be taken to reduce the potential for loss of life and property damage.

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90. What is an embankment dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dam constructed of excavated natural materials, usually earth or rock, placed with sloping sides.

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91. What is drawdown?

Answer

Correct Answer: The lowering of a water surface level due to the release of water from a reservoir.

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92. What is the definition of "DRAINAGE AREA"?

Answer

Correct Answer: The area that drains naturally to a particular point on a river or stream.

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93. What is the primary purpose of constructing a DAM?

Answer

Correct Answer: To impound or divert water

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94. What is the CUTOFF WALL used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: To reduce seepage under the dam

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95. What is a CUTOFF?

Answer

Correct Answer: An impervious barrier used to reduce or prevent seepage from passing through the foundation under the dam.

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96. What is the crown of an overflow section of the dam called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Crest of Dam

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97. What is the CREST LENGTH?

Answer

Correct Answer: The measured length of the top of the dam from abutment to abutment.

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98. What is the purpose of a corewall?

Answer

Correct Answer: To prevent leakage in an embankment dam

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99. What is COREWALL made of?

Answer

Correct Answer: Concrete or asphaltic concrete

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100. What is the function of the core in an embankment dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A zone of material of low permeability

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101. What does the term 'conduit' refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: A closed channel to convey the discharge of water through or under a dam

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102. What does the word "breach" mean in the context of the passage?

Answer

Correct Answer: An opening or a breakthrough of a dam

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103. What is the full form of BOIL?

Answer

Correct Answer: Bureau of Infrastructure, Land and Local Government

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104. What is the "Axis of Dam"?

Answer

Correct Answer: The plane or curved surface, arbitrarily chosen by a designer

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105. What does APPURTENANT STRUCTURES refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: Ancillary features of a dam, such as the outlet, spillway, outlet conduit, tunnels, etc.

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106. What is the wall between a spillway or gate structure and the embankment called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Abutment

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107. What is the meaning of "abutment"?

Answer

Correct Answer: That part of the valley side against which the dam is constructed.

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