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2. Effective business messages help businesses provide __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Early warnings of potential problems
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3. In expectancy theory, ____ is the perceived relationship between effort and performance.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Expectancy
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4. Communicating through e-mail provides ________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
A host of nonverbal cues to understand the message better
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5. _____ is the degree to which people focus on tasks and technical concerns or people and social concerns.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Value orientation
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6. Tolerance for ambiguity is the extent to which people have a strong need for structure or control in their lives.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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7. _____ is when people continue a certain behavior because they have already invested too much money in it.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sunk cost bias
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8. Satisficing is choosing an acceptable solution rather than an optimal solution.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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9. _____ is the tendency to make judgments based on our own mental models and stereotypes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Representativeness heuristic
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10. Reasoned judgment is a decision based on extensive information _____ of alternatives.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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11. _____ is a decision based on preestablished rules in response to a recurring situation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Programmed decision
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12. Production blocking is a loss in productivity during a brainstorming session because individuals are overwhelmed by the number of possibilities being generated.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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13. _____ is a decision based on reason and/or intuition in response to a unique situation that requires a tailored response.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nonprogrammed decision
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14. A group decision-making process in which individuals rate proposed solutions and the total tally determines the final decision is called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nominal group technique
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15. Intuition is a decision based on _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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16. _____ is the propensity to overestimate an outcome that could not have possibly been predicted.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hindsight bias
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17. Heuristics is a set of informal rules used to _____ the decision making process.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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18. Groupthink is a usually conscious mode of group decision-making in which individuals prioritize agreement over analysis.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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19. _____ is a cognitive bias where decisions are influenced by the way information is presented rather than the facts themselves.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Framing bias
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20. Escalation of commitment is when people increase their level of commitment to a decision despite receiving negative information about it.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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21. _____ is a method of decision-making in which a group of experts propose and question ideas until a consensus is reached.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Delphi technique
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22. Decision-making style is the way in which a group perceives information and analyzes solutions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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23. Decision making is the action or process of identifying a strategy to resolve problems.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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24. _____ is the inclination to seek out information to support our views while disregarding information that does not.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Confirmation bias
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25. _____ is the tendency to place more importance on information held by the majority of people while failing to take into account views held by the minority.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Common-information bias
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26. Classical model is a normative model of decision-making that leads to an _____ and rationality of the decision-maker.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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27. _____ is a normative model of decision-making that leads to an optimal decision, assuming full availability of information, sufficient time, and rationality of the decision-maker.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Classical Model
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28. Brainstorming is creating as many alternatives as possible, without making value judgments about any idea.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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29. Bounded rationality is rational decision-making that is limited by _____.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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30. _____ is making judgments on certain events based on how easily an example springs to mind.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Availability heuristics
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31. _____ is the tendency for people to base decisions on the first piece of information before adjusting it.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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32. Adaptive management is an approach to decision-making that requires managers to use _____ to make nonprogrammed decisions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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