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Effective business messages help businesses provide __________.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Early warnings of potential problems
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In expectancy theory, ____ is the perceived relationship between effort and performance.
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Correct Answer:
Expectancy
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Communicating through e-mail provides ________.
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Correct Answer:
A host of nonverbal cues to understand the message better
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_____ is the degree to which people focus on tasks and technical concerns or people and social concerns.
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Correct Answer:
Value orientation
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Tolerance for ambiguity is the extent to which people have a strong need for structure or control in their lives.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is when people continue a certain behavior because they have already invested too much money in it.
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Correct Answer:
Sunk cost bias
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Satisficing is choosing an acceptable solution rather than an optimal solution.
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is the tendency to make judgments based on our own mental models and stereotypes.
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Correct Answer:
Representativeness heuristic
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Reasoned judgment is a decision based on extensive information _____ of alternatives.
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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_____ is a decision based on preestablished rules in response to a recurring situation.
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Correct Answer:
Programmed decision
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Production blocking is a loss in productivity during a brainstorming session because individuals are overwhelmed by the number of possibilities being generated.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is a decision based on reason and/or intuition in response to a unique situation that requires a tailored response.
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Correct Answer:
Nonprogrammed decision
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A group decision-making process in which individuals rate proposed solutions and the total tally determines the final decision is called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nominal group technique
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Intuition is a decision based on _____.
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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_____ is the propensity to overestimate an outcome that could not have possibly been predicted.
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Correct Answer:
Hindsight bias
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Heuristics is a set of informal rules used to _____ the decision making process.
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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Groupthink is a usually conscious mode of group decision-making in which individuals prioritize agreement over analysis.
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is a cognitive bias where decisions are influenced by the way information is presented rather than the facts themselves.
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Correct Answer:
Framing bias
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Escalation of commitment is when people increase their level of commitment to a decision despite receiving negative information about it.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is a method of decision-making in which a group of experts propose and question ideas until a consensus is reached.
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Correct Answer:
Delphi technique
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Decision-making style is the way in which a group perceives information and analyzes solutions.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Decision making is the action or process of identifying a strategy to resolve problems.
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Correct Answer:
True
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_____ is the inclination to seek out information to support our views while disregarding information that does not.
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Correct Answer:
Confirmation bias
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_____ is the tendency to place more importance on information held by the majority of people while failing to take into account views held by the minority.
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Correct Answer:
Common-information bias
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Classical model is a normative model of decision-making that leads to an _____ and rationality of the decision-maker.
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Correct Answer:
All of the above
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_____ is a normative model of decision-making that leads to an optimal decision, assuming full availability of information, sufficient time, and rationality of the decision-maker.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Classical Model
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Brainstorming is creating as many alternatives as possible, without making value judgments about any idea.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Bounded rationality is rational decision-making that is limited by _____.
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Correct Answer:
All of these
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_____ is making judgments on certain events based on how easily an example springs to mind.
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Correct Answer:
Availability heuristics
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_____ is the tendency for people to base decisions on the first piece of information before adjusting it.
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Correct Answer:
Both a and b
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Adaptive management is an approach to decision-making that requires managers to use _____ to make nonprogrammed decisions.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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