Foundation Engineering MCQ
What is combustible?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Any material or construction which does not meet the criteria of noncombustible.
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What is a cited person?
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Correct Answer:
A person or entity who is responsible for the correction of a violation of applicable laws.
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What does the Chassis support?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The mobile home unit
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What does certification stamp of approval applied to?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Earthquake resistant bracing system manufacturer's plans and installation instructions.
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What is a carport?
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Correct Answer:
A structure used for shade or weather protection for vehicles, supported by one or more posts or columns.
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What is the maximum size a cabana can be?
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Correct Answer:
The size of the unit to which it is an accessory.
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What is an awning?
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Correct Answer:
A structure used for shade or weather protection, supported entirely by columns or posts.
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What does "local enforcement agency" mean in this context?
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Correct Answer:
A government organization that is responsible for enforcing laws and regulations
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What does "Approved" mean in the context of the content?
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Correct Answer:
Accepted by the local enforcement agency.
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What is appraisal?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A professional valuation done on a mobile home property to find expected value.
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What is wind load?
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Correct Answer:
Any pressure on the structure caused by wind or weather
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What is the water table?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The level in the soil beneath which the ground is saturated with water.
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What does a vertical crack in a foundation usually indicate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Foundation settlement
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Which of the following is NOT an effect of upheaval?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lifting of the foundation
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What is the word for when the soil freezes and water in the soil expands, pushing the foundation upwards?
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What is the process called by which steel piers are installed under the foundation to stabilize the concrete and lift the sinking structure?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Underpinning
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Why may building settle unevenly if voids form under the foundation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The building will lack proper support
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What is the process of removing moisture from the soil by nearby tree roots and other plants called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transpiration
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What is the cause of stair step cracks?
Answer
Correct Answer:
They might be caused by normal foundation settlement.
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What is the widest width a stair step crack can be before it is a sign of a foundation problem?
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What is soil?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Any loose material of the earth's crust in various proportions
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What does soil usually contain?
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Correct Answer:
Water, air, and solid particles
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Concrete that is wholly supported by the surface soil underneath it is known as?
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What is Skin Friction?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The resistance of the soil around your pier to the downward motion of the pier during installation.
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What is the definition of Settlement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sinking of the building’s concrete foundation.
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What causes an uneven settlement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Improperly compacted soil
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How is the inside tube of a screw jack adjusted?
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What is the purpose of a screw jack?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Used to level and crawl space repair
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What is the name of the process by which foundations are lifted using push piers?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The foundation is lifted hydraulically while supported by the piers.
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What is thealternate name for push piers?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Resistance piers
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What is the primary cause of cracks in poured basement walls?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydrostatic pressure
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What is the name for foundation walls that are commonly found in poured basements?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Standard slab foundation walls
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What is polyurethane foam used for?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Injecting into concrete to fill voids and lift the foundation
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What is the minimum height of the crawlspace under a pier and beam home?
Answer
Correct Answer:
18 inches
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What is permafrost?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A condition in which the subsoil of the ground stays continuously frozen year-round.
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What is the process by which water transfers through semipermeable material called?
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What does "on grade" mean?
Answer
Correct Answer:
At ground level
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What will happen to the soil if the moisture content is high?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Soil will expand
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What is the amount of moisture in the soil that surrounds your foundation and home called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Moisture content
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What is the maximum amount of weight that a foundation can sustain without foundation failure?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Load Bearing Capacity
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What is a particularly dangerous live load?
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What is underpinning?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The process of installing piers under structures.
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What is the definition of an "Interior Floor"?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Floors inside the house, normally supported by beams and posts in the crawlspace or basement of the home.
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What supports interior floors?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Beams and posts
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What is the other name for hydrostatic pressure?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water pressure
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What causes hydrostatic pressure in the ground?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water in the soil
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Which of the following is true about horizontal cracks?
Answer
Correct Answer:
They are often serious and are often indicators of foundation settlement.
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What is the pier used for?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To support a sinking foundation
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What does a helical pier look like?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A giant screw
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What is the purpose of grouting?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To fill underground voids to lift sinking slabs and level concrete.
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What does the grade of the ground surface tell you?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The level of the ground surface
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What is the expansion that occurs when the water inside soil freezes called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Frost heaving
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Free water can be taken on without a change in the ____ occurring.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Soil volume
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What is the function of a footing?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To spread out the vertical load of the foundation evenly.
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What is the primary purpose of a foundation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To transmit the load of the structure to the ground below.
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What is fill?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Soil that is added to an area to fill in, level, or grade that area.
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What kind of soil expands when water is added?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Expansive Soil
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What is the repair method used to seal cracks called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Epoxy Crack Injection
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What is the height of various parts of your foundation called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Elevation
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What is differential settlement?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Uneven settlement that occurs when different parts of the foundation and structure are sinking at different rates.
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What is meant by "total failure" in the definition of Deflection?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The foundation can no longer bear any load without collapsing.
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What does "deflection" refer to in the context of foundations?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The amount of bending and bowing from a heavy load that a foundation may withstand without total failure
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What causes consolidation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gradual water loss
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How high should a crawl space be?
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Concrete piers are _____?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Long, slender cylinders made of concrete
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Concrete piers are used to:
Answer
Correct Answer:
Support foundations
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What is Concrete made of?
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Correct Answer:
Sand, rocks, cement, water
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What is the definition of "Collapsible Soil?"
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Correct Answer:
Soil that is susceptible to erosion, reduction, or void formation when water is added.
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What is clay made of?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fine-grained naturally occurring material
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How is carbon fiber typically used?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To fix cracks, strengthen bowing walls, and support failing foundation.
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What is the California Slab?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A slab with wood flooring on top of it
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What is a bowing wall?
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Correct Answer:
A wall that is bent or curved due to stress from expansive soil, structural failure, or other elements
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What does "Below Grade" mean?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Below the ground level
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What is the solid layer of rock/earth beneath the active layer and loose deposits that requires either blasting or jackhammering for excavation?
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In a pier and beam home, what does beam refer to?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A wooden support member consisting of dimensional lumber pieces sandwiched together to support floor joists and the above structure.
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Soil movement and instability usually occurs in which layer of soil?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Active Zone/Layer
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What are the strips or pads of concrete below the frost line called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Spread footing
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What is the frost line?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The frost line is the depth to which the ground freezes over in winter.
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Rubble trench foundations are suitable for soils with a capacity of _____?
Answer
Correct Answer:
More than 10 tonnes/m2
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What is the minimum soil capacity required for a rubble trench foundation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
10 tonnes/m2
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What is one advantage of using stones in a foundation over using mortar?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stones do not require painted after construction.
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One disadvantage of using stones to build foundations is that _____?
Answer
Correct Answer:
They can be unstable
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What is the purpose of a padstone?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Spreading the weight on the ground and raising the timber off the ground
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What is another name for post in ground construction?
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Why must the location of the foundation chosen be an area that is not affected or influenced by future works or factors?
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Correct Answer:
So that the foundation is not disturbed in the future
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What must the chosen location for a foundation be?
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Correct Answer:
Not affected or influenced by future works or factors
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What is the main reason for a deeper foundation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To guard against any form of damage or distress caused by shrinking or swelling due to temperature changes.
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Why is a deeper foundation recommended?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To guard against damage or distress caused by shrinkage and swelling due to temperature changes.
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Differential settlements are more pronounced in which areas?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Areas where the superimposed loads are not uniform in nature.
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How can differential settlements be avoided?
Answer
Correct Answer:
By having a rigid base for the foundation
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What is the main purpose of a foundation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To transfer loads to the soil without resulting in any form of settlement
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The design and construction of the foundation is done to _______?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sustain and transmit the dead and the imposed loads to the soil
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What is the purpose of a shear wall?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To prevent lateral movements of the supported structure.
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What is the purpose of a guy-wire?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To prevent lateral movements of the supported structure
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Why is it important to anchor a structure deeply into the ground?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To increase stability and prevent overloading
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What is the purpose of anchoring a structure?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To prevent overloading
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Why was the Panama Canal built?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To provide a level surface for construction.
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What is the primary purpose of an anchor?
Answer
Correct Answer:
To prevent a structure from moving
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The purpose of a foundation is to _______?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Distribute the weight of the structure over a large area
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What are the two types of foundations?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Shallow and deep
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