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Environmental Control Systems MCQ

Electrolytes serve several purposes in the body including __________

Brain function and nerve sensitivity

Nerve and muscle function and fluid balance

Fluid balance and efficient circulation

Nerve sensitivity and efficient circulation

Answer

Correct Answer: Nerve and muscle function and fluid balance

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What does a biotic ecosystem consist of?

Abiotic components

Living organisms

Non-living organisms

Biological components

Answer

Correct Answer: Biological components

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What is an abiotic ecosystem?

An ecosystem that consists of nonliving components

An ecosystem that consists of living components

An ecosystem that is not affected by humans

An ecosystem that is not affected by the environment

Answer

Correct Answer: An ecosystem that consists of nonliving components

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What are the consequences of greenhouse gases?

The greenhouse gases cause the Earth's surface to cool down.

The greenhouse gases cause the Earth's surface to warm up and cool down.

The greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun and cause the Earth's surface to warm up.

The greenhouse gases help to cool the Earth's surface.

Answer

Correct Answer: The greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun and cause the Earth's surface to warm up.

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What is the biosphere?

The study of plant life

The global ecosystem where all life is interconnected

The study of animals

The study of microorganisms

Answer

Correct Answer: The global ecosystem where all life is interconnected

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What is the geosphere?

The gaseous outer layer of Earth

The solid outer layer of Earth

The liquid outer layer of Earth.

The part of Earth consisting of the crust and mantle.

Answer

Correct Answer: The part of Earth consisting of the crust and mantle.

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What is the hydrosphere?

The solid outer layer of the earth

The atmosphere

The molten outer layer of the earth

The water on and surrounding the earth

Answer

Correct Answer: The water on and surrounding the earth

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How high is the stratosphere from the sea level?

11-30 km

31-50 km

5-10 km

51-70 km

Answer

Correct Answer: 11-30 km

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What is the stratosphere?

A layer of Earth's atmosphere below the mesosphere

The study of Earth's atmosphere

A layer of Earth's atmosphere above the troposphere

A layer of Earth's atmosphere between the troposphere and the mesosphere

Answer

Correct Answer: A layer of Earth's atmosphere between the troposphere and the mesosphere

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What is the inner layer about 11 seal level called?

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Troposphere

Answer

Correct Answer: Troposphere

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What is the quality of matter?

The state of being physically or mentally sound and healthy.

An inherent characteristic that determines the usefulness of a material.

A measure of how useful a form of matter is to humans as a resource.

The degree to which a material resists deterioration.

Answer

Correct Answer: A measure of how useful a form of matter is to humans as a resource.

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What is the DO model used for?

To establish environmental regulations

To determine the effects of water pollution on human health

To develop policies to protect the environment

To predict profile of DO concentration downstream from a waste discharge

Answer

Correct Answer: To predict profile of DO concentration downstream from a waste discharge

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What are indicator organisms?

Organisms that are used to create new medicines

A type of virus

Commonly used bacteria to determine the level of pollution in water

A disease

Answer

Correct Answer: Commonly used bacteria to determine the level of pollution in water

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The 5 Kingdoms are Animal, Plates, Fungi, Protista, and _____.

Archaea

Viruses

Monera

Bacteria

Answer

Correct Answer: Bacteria

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What does TOC stand for?

Total carbon

Total organic carbon

Trace organic carbon

Total organic content

Answer

Correct Answer: Total organic carbon

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What is the amount of oxygen required to oxidize ammonia to nitrate?

Soluble BOD

Total BOD

Carbonaceous BOD

Nitrogenous BOD

Answer

Correct Answer: Nitrogenous BOD

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What is nitrification?

The biological reduction of nitrite with nitrogen into ammonia

The biological oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrite, then nitrate

The biological reduction of nitrate with nitrogen into nitrite

The biological oxidation of nitrite with oxygen into nitrate

Answer

Correct Answer: The biological oxidation of ammonia with oxygen into nitrite, then nitrate

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What is the amount of oxygen required for biological decomposition of organic matter?

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Soil

Water

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Correct Answer: Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

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What is a common chemical in industrial discharge?

Coal

Soil

Water

A known or suspected human health and/or environmental effect.

Answer

Correct Answer: A known or suspected human health and/or environmental effect.

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Which of the following are major sources of nutrients?

Industrial effluents

Municipal wastewater

Agricultural runoff

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these

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Nitrate is toxic to infants at ____ concentration

High

Low

Medium

No effect

Answer

Correct Answer: High

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Maximum acceptable concentration of nitrate for drinking water is ____

3.0 mg/L

10 mg/L

0.5 mg/L

2.0 mg/L

Answer

Correct Answer: 10 mg/L

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Maximum acceptable concentration of nitrite for drinking water is ____

3.0 mg/L

1.0 mg/L

0.5 mg/L

2.0 mg/L

Answer

Correct Answer: 1.0 mg/L

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Nitrite is toxic to most fish at what concentration?

0.1 mg/L

0.01 mg/L

0.001 mg/L

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.1 mg/L

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What is the fourth type of nitrogen?

Nitrate

Organic Nitrogen

Ammonia

Nitrite

Answer

Correct Answer: Nitrite

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What is acidity?

Ability of a water to neutralize alkalis

Ability of a water to neutralize bases

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in water

A measure of the hydroxide ion concentration in water

Answer

Correct Answer: Ability of a water to neutralize bases

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What is the definition of alkalinity?

The ability of water to dissolve alkalis

The ability of water to neutralize acids

The ability of water to create acids

The ability of water to neutralize bases

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability of water to neutralize acids

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What is the pH range of natural water?

9-14

2-6

6-9

3-5

Answer

Correct Answer: 6-9

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What does temperature affect?

The amount of light

The color of the water

Chemical and biological reaction rates, ecology of a water body and solubility of oxygen

The time of day

Answer

Correct Answer: Chemical and biological reaction rates, ecology of a water body and solubility of oxygen

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What is turbidity?

A measure of the amount of light that is able to pass through water

A measure of the speed of water

A measure of the weight of water

A measure of the light that is either absorbed or scattered by particles in water

Answer

Correct Answer: A measure of the light that is either absorbed or scattered by particles in water

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What affects subsurface geologic formation?

Surface water quality

Water quality

Groundwater quality

Both surface water and groundwater quality

Answer

Correct Answer: Both surface water and groundwater quality

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What are three watershed characteristics?

Topography, vegetation cover, wildlife

Climate, landforms, waterfalls

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Topography, vegetation cover, wildlife

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What is Trihalomethane?

A reaction between chlorine and organic matter.

A reaction between nitrogen and oxygen.

A colorless, odorless gas.

A reaction between chlorine and water.

Answer

Correct Answer: A reaction between chlorine and organic matter.

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What are the 3 stages in the natural life cycle of water bodies?

Oligotrophic, mesotropic, eutrophic

Aqueous, gaseous, solid

Metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous

Blue, green, red

Answer

Correct Answer: Oligotrophic, mesotropic, eutrophic

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When water is in the solid state, it is best known as _____.

Water vapor

Liquid

Steam

Ice

Answer

Correct Answer: Ice

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What are the three main water uses?

Swimming, drinking, cooking

Municipal, industrial, agricultural

Laundry, dishes, bathing

Cleaning, gardening, farming

Answer

Correct Answer: Municipal, industrial, agricultural

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Which of the following is not a source of municipal wastewater?

Pre-treated industrial wastewater

Sewage

Groundwater infiltration

Wastewater from small industries

Answer

Correct Answer: Groundwater infiltration

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What does ground water refer to?

All the water beneath the sea surface

All the water on the land surface

All the water beneath the land surface

All the water above the land surface

Answer

Correct Answer: All the water beneath the land surface

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What is the definition of surface water sources?

All water found in glaciers

All water found in the oceans

All water found underground

All water open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff

Answer

Correct Answer: All water open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff

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What is selective absorption?

The absorption of a material of only certain wavelengths

The reflection of all wavelengths

The absorption of no wavelengths

The absorption of all wavelengths

Answer

Correct Answer: The absorption of a material of only certain wavelengths

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What is the definition of "Reflected Glare?"

Reflection of luminance of a task area

A measure of the capacity of a lens to gather light

The addition of two or more electric fields

The angle between a line of sight and a line perpendicular to the surface

Answer

Correct Answer: Reflection of luminance of a task area

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What is the average of a number of intensity figures taken from several directions?

Luminous flux

Mean spherical candlepower

Lux

Lumens

Answer

Correct Answer: Mean spherical candlepower

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What is the percentage of energy end use for space heating?

25%

11%

30%

14%

Answer

Correct Answer: 30%

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What is Luminance?

The study of light

The art of making light

The intensity of light that arrives at the eye from a particular surface or area

The science of making lights

Answer

Correct Answer: The intensity of light that arrives at the eye from a particular surface or area

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What is the formula for determining the average maintained illuminance on working plane in a room?

Lumen Method Calculation

Brightness Method

Area Method

Spacing Method

Answer

Correct Answer: Lumen Method Calculation

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What does lumen maintenance compare?

Amount of light produced from source brand new to amount at a specific time in future

Amount of light produced from source brand new to amount at a specific time in the past

Amount of light produced from source brand new to amount at a specific time in the present

Amount of light produced from two different sources brand new

Answer

Correct Answer: Amount of light produced from source brand new to amount at a specific time in future

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What is Lumen depreciation?

A lightbulb manufacturer

A device used to measure light

Luminous flux lost over time

A brand of LED light bulbs

Answer

Correct Answer: Luminous flux lost over time

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What is the purpose of Local and Supplementary lighting?

To provide an unrestricted area of relatively low intensity

To provide a restricted area of relatively low intensity

To provide an unrestricted area of relatively high intensity

To provide a restricted area of relatively high intensity

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide a restricted area of relatively high intensity

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What is a lighting system?

A system that tells you when a light is out.

A system to turn lights on and off.

A machine that makes light

A combination of a particular lamp type and fixture type.

Answer

Correct Answer: A combination of a particular lamp type and fixture type.

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What is an incident light ray?

A ray of light absorbed by a surface

A ray of light striking a surface

A ray of light reflected off a surface

A ray of light refracted through a surface

Answer

Correct Answer: A ray of light striking a surface

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What is the primary source of illumination for horizontal illuminance?

Reflective surfaces

Skylight

Adjacent ground

Soffit

Answer

Correct Answer: Reflective surfaces

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General diffuse fixtures rely on what to distribute light?

Light absorbing into the fixture

Light reflecting onto the ceiling

Light reflecting onto the walls

Light reflecting onto the floor

Answer

Correct Answer: Light reflecting onto the walls

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What is the biggest reason for eyestrain?

Staring at objects too close

Not blinking often enough

Too much caffeine

The demanding nature of specific tasks

Answer

Correct Answer: The demanding nature of specific tasks

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What does "exposure time" mean?

Time it takes for eye to adjust

Length of time a person is exposed to a hazard

Amount of time a camera shutter is open to expose film

Time required to produce a desired effect

Answer

Correct Answer: Time it takes for eye to adjust

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What is the ratio of lumens provided to watts of heat produced by a light source?

Brightness

Ratio of light outputted to light inputted

Efficacy

The amount of light that is reflected off of a surface

Answer

Correct Answer: Efficacy

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What is discomfort glare?

Eye fatigue from looking at a bright light

When an image is formed in the eye

When light is scattered in the eye

Immediate occurrence of light sources or luminance greater than what the eye can adapt to

Answer

Correct Answer: Immediate occurrence of light sources or luminance greater than what the eye can adapt to

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What is disability glare?

Something that impairs your vision if you have a disability

A type of specialneeds glasses

Luminance so intense that it impairs the vision.

When someone with a disability becomes angry

Answer

Correct Answer: Luminance so intense that it impairs the vision.

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What is the main characteristic of direct lighting?

High reflectance

High efficiency

Low energy

Adjustable

Answer

Correct Answer: High reflectance

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What is the cause of Direct Glare?

Wind

Light sources

Objects in the way

The sun

Answer

Correct Answer: Light sources

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What is the main purpose of using direct concentrated down lights?

To reduce glare

For more energy-efficient lighting

For better lighting

For privacy and dramatic effect

Answer

Correct Answer: For privacy and dramatic effect

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What is diffuse reflection?

Regular reflection of light

Reflection of light from a smooth surface

Mirrored reflection of light

Reflection of light from a rough surface in many directions

Answer

Correct Answer: Reflection of light from a rough surface in many directions

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What is the ratio of interior illuminance to available outdoor illuminance called?

Available Outdoor Illuminance

Daylighting Factor

LED

Interior Illuminance

Answer

Correct Answer: Daylighting Factor

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What is the purpose of task lighting?

To provide general lighting

To provide light in specific areas for decoration

To provide light in specific areas for tasks

To provide light in specific areas for safety

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide light in specific areas for tasks

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a Fluorescent lamp?

Switching

Efficacy

Lamp Life

Lumen Maintenance

Answer

Correct Answer: Switching

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What is brightness?

Percieved light amanting from an object

The feeling of happiness and positivity

A measure of how well light reflects off an object

The distance from which an object is seen

Answer

Correct Answer: Percieved light amanting from an object

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What are brightness patterns?

Patterns of light and sound

Patterns of light and movement

Patterns of darkness and light

Patterns of light and shadow

Answer

Correct Answer: Patterns of light and shadow

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What is the definition of Adaption?

Ability to adjust to various levels of light, see brightness of space in adaption level.

The act of modifying something to suit a particular purpose.

The process of acclimatization

The process of becoming accustomed to a new climate

Answer

Correct Answer: Ability to adjust to various levels of light, see brightness of space in adaption level.

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How is Payback Period calculated?

By dividing expected yearly savings by the initial investment

By multiplying initial investment by expected yearly savings

By dividing initial investment by expected yearly savings

By taking the square root of the initial investment by expected yearly savings

Answer

Correct Answer: By dividing initial investment by expected yearly savings

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What is the degree day?

The highest temperature

The lowest temperature.

The difference between the daily average temperature and a given temperature base.

The average temperature

Answer

Correct Answer: The difference between the daily average temperature and a given temperature base.

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What type of system is a Unitary System?

AHU and cooling compressor contained within a compact enclosure

A manufacturing company that produces only one product

A control system with one final control element per process variable

A company that organizes its work force into departments based on processes

Answer

Correct Answer: AHU and cooling compressor contained within a compact enclosure

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What is a Multi-Zone?

A country

A central air-handling unit capable of serving 8 zones simultaneously

A city

A type of building

Answer

Correct Answer: A central air-handling unit capable of serving 8 zones simultaneously

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What is a delivery system?

A device that delivers water to a space.

A device that delivers heat or cooling to the conditioned space.

A device that delivers food to a space.

A device that delivers air to a space.

Answer

Correct Answer: A device that delivers heat or cooling to the conditioned space.

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What does HVAC stand for?

High Volume Air Conditioning

Home Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

Hawaii Vacation and Air Conditioning

Answer

Correct Answer: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

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What is a duct?

A tube or channel for conducting electricity.

A tube or channel for conducting food.

A tube or channel for conducting water.

A tube or channel for conducting air.

Answer

Correct Answer: A tube or channel for conducting air.

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What is a hydronic system?

A system that uses electricity to transfer heat

A heating/cooling system that uses water to transfer heat

A system that uses solar panels to transfer heat

A dry cleaning system

Answer

Correct Answer: A heating/cooling system that uses water to transfer heat

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What is the purpose of a Distribution System?

To clean the air

To regulate temperature

To recirculate treated air to the building

To provide fresh air

Answer

Correct Answer: To recirculate treated air to the building

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What is a heat exchanger?

A device that creates heat.

A device that transfers energy from one substance to another.

A device that transfers heat from one object to another.

A device that transfers heat from one substance to another.

Answer

Correct Answer: A device that transfers heat from one substance to another.

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What is the name of the process that transfers heat from one location to another?

Radiation

Boiling

Conduction

Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Answer

Correct Answer: Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

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What is a boiler?

Equipment that provides hot water or steam for various uses (plumbing, heating, etc)

A device for cooking food

A device that generates electricity

A device used to measure pressure

Answer

Correct Answer: Equipment that provides hot water or steam for various uses (plumbing, heating, etc)

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What is the central location of a building's HVAC system called?

Air handler

Plant

Central control unit

HVAC system

Answer

Correct Answer: Plant

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What is HVAC?

Heating, Ventilation, Air Cooling

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

High Volume Air Conditioning

Heavy Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Answer

Correct Answer: Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

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What is a roof pond?

A pond consisting of water contained within large plastic bags located on the roof of a building.

A large body of water

A small body of water

A type of construction material

Answer

Correct Answer: A pond consisting of water contained within large plastic bags located on the roof of a building.

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What is the name given to the solar energy being introduced directly into the space through ordinary fenestration?

Direct Gain

Solar Energy Through Fenestration

Gain Through Fenestration

Indirect Gain

Answer

Correct Answer: Direct Gain

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What is the definition of a passive system?

A system that uses energy to create work

Utilizing natural phenomena to change the climate of a building.

A machine that produces energy

Something that protects you from the sun

Answer

Correct Answer: Utilizing natural phenomena to change the climate of a building.

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What is the sum of the accumulation of heat from all sources called?

Heat Gain

Heat Loss

Heat Transfer

Heat

Answer

Correct Answer: Heat Gain

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What is the opposite of Heat Gain?

Heat Receipt

Cooling

Heat Storage

Heat Loss

Answer

Correct Answer: Heat Loss

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Heat loss occurs from a building through which of the following?

Convection, conduction, radiation

Advection, abrasion, attrition

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Convection, conduction, radiation

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What is the thermal load?

A unit of measurement for heat

A factor used in calculating heating load

The study of heat transfer

Heat transferred from walls, doors, ceilings, etc.

Answer

Correct Answer: Heat transferred from walls, doors, ceilings, etc.

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What is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil?

Condensation

Precipitation

Infiltration

Evaporation

Answer

Correct Answer: Infiltration

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What is the definition of ventilation?

The bringing in of fresh air to a building and the expelling of inside gasses.

The art of breathing

The study of air quality

The regulation of temperature

Answer

Correct Answer: The bringing in of fresh air to a building and the expelling of inside gasses.

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What is the capacity of a material to store heat called?

Fossil fuels

Electricity

Solar energy

Thermal Mass

Answer

Correct Answer: Thermal Mass

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What is a thermal bridge?

A device that is used to measure the thermal conductivity of a material

A material that has a low thermal conductivity and is used to insulate

A material that has a high thermal conductivity and is used to transfer heat

A thermally conductive material that bypasses an insulation system, such as a metal fastener or stud.

Answer

Correct Answer: A thermally conductive material that bypasses an insulation system, such as a metal fastener or stud.

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What is the definition of resistance?

The ability of a material to conduct electricity.

A material's opposition to the flow of electric current.

A material's opposition to the flow of electric charges.

The physical force that opposes the flow of electrons in an electric circuit.

Answer

Correct Answer: A material's opposition to the flow of electric current.

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What is the process whereby molecular excitation spreads through a substance or from one substance to another by direct contact called?

Radiation

Absorption

Conduction

Convection

Answer

Correct Answer: Conduction

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What is enthalpy?

The product of the sensible and latent heat of a substance

The sum of the sensible and latent heat of a substance

The sum of the solid and liquid heat of a substance

The difference between the sensible and latent heat of a substance

Answer

Correct Answer: The sum of the sensible and latent heat of a substance

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What is Latent Heat?

The energy released or absorbed by a substance during a change of state that results in no change in temperature.

The energy required for phase changes

The energy released or absorbed by a system as the process of change occurs.

None of the above.

Answer

Correct Answer: The energy required for phase changes

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What is heat?

A measure of the amount of work that can be done by a system

A state of matter

Energy that is transferred from one object to another

Energy that flows from a point at one temperature to another point at a lower temperature

Answer

Correct Answer: Energy that flows from a point at one temperature to another point at a lower temperature

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What is Thermal Radiation?

The process of making something hot

The process of making something cold

Transfer of heat by the movement of molecules

Heat transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves, including light

Answer

Correct Answer: Heat transfer in the form of electromagnetic waves, including light

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What is the DewPoint?

The highest temperature at which dew can form.

The temperature at which water vapour in the air becomes saturated and condensation begins.

The lowest temperature at which dew can form.

A unit of measure for humidity.

Answer

Correct Answer: The temperature at which water vapour in the air becomes saturated and condensation begins.

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Which of the following is true about the wet-bulb temperature?

The air temperature measured by the wet-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer.

It is apsychrometric measurement.

It is the humidity of the air.

It is the same as the air temperature.

Answer

Correct Answer: The air temperature measured by the wet-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer.

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What is the dry bulb temperature?

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one unit of dry air by one degree Celsius.

The air temperature measured by the dry-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer.

The air temperature measured by the wet-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer.

The maximum amount of heat that air can hold at a particular temperature.

Answer

Correct Answer: The air temperature measured by the dry-bulb thermometer of a psychrometer.

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What is a psychometric chart?

A method of diagnosing mental illness

A type of therapy

A powerful graphic representation of temperature and relative humidity.

A device that measures psychological attributes

Answer

Correct Answer: A powerful graphic representation of temperature and relative humidity.

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

Relative humidity is defined as the percentage of water vapor in the air compared to what?

The maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain at a particular temperature

The minimum amount of water vapor that air can contain at a particular temperature

The average amount of water vapor in the air

The amount of water vapor needed to saturate the air

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain at a particular temperature

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

What is the angle in the horizontal plane between the north-south line and the vertical plane called?

Right Ascension

Altitude

Azimuth

Declination

Answer

Correct Answer: Azimuth

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What is solar angle?

The time of day when the Sun is highest in the sky

The angle at which light from the Sun strikes the surface of Earth

The name of a constellation

The temperature of the Sun's surface

Answer

Correct Answer: The angle at which light from the Sun strikes the surface of Earth

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

What is the definition of microclimate?

A small climate

The average weather conditions in an area

Environmental conditions within a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area

Study of the world's climate

Answer

Correct Answer: Environmental conditions within a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area

Note: This Question is unanswered, help us to find answer for this one

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