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Real-Time Systems and Software MCQ

What is a real-time system?

A system where the environment interacts with the system in real-time.

A system where the environment interacts with itself in real-time.

A system where the system interacts with itself in real-time.

A system where interactions between the system and the environment

Answer

Correct Answer: A system where interactions between the system and the environment

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What are semaphores?

A type of lock

A set of traffic signals

Basic mechanisms for providing synchronization

A measure of the amount of water in a body of water

Answer

Correct Answer: Basic mechanisms for providing synchronization

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What are the parts of the code where the problem may happen called?

Troublesome sections

Critical sections

Safe sections

Problematic sections

Answer

Correct Answer: Critical sections

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What is frame rate?

The system's ability to create numerous frames each second.

The system's ability to slow down or speed up the recording.

The system's ability to record in high definition.

The system's ability to capture images in low light.

Answer

Correct Answer: The system's ability to create numerous frames each second.

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What is static scanning?

Images displayed one frame at a time in a process.

A form of compression

A virus protection

A type of memory

Answer

Correct Answer: Images displayed one frame at a time in a process.

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What is the value density?

The amount of data that can be stored in a given amount of space

The ratio between the value of a task and its computation time

The ratio of two values

The amount of money needed to buy a given amount of goods or services

Answer

Correct Answer: The ratio between the value of a task and its computation time

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What is a utility function?

A curve that describes the value of a task as a function of its difficulty.

A curve that describes the value of a task as a function of its starting time.

A curve that describes the value of a task as a function of its finishing time.

A curve that describes the value of a task as a function of its length.

Answer

Correct Answer: A curve that describes the value of a task as a function of its finishing time.

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What is time-overflow?

A situation in which the execution of a job finishes before its deadline.

A situation in which the execution of a job continues after its deadline.

A situation in which the execution of a job is not started before its deadline.

A situation in which the execution of a job is interrupted before its deadline.

Answer

Correct Answer: A situation in which the execution of a job continues after its deadline.

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What is the definition of "timeout"?

A dramatic pause in which no one speaks

A rest period during competition

An automatic end to a process

The time limit specified by a programmer for the completion of an action.

Answer

Correct Answer: The time limit specified by a programmer for the completion of an action.

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What is the minimum interval of time that is handled by the kernel?

0.01 second

10 seconds

0.1 second

1 second

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.01 second

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What is the synonym of Temporal Isolation?

Dog protection

Rat protection

Cat protection

Task protection

Answer

Correct Answer: Task protection

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What is a task control block?

A data structure that helps schedule tasks

A data structure that keeps track of what a task is doing

A kernel data structure associated with each task containing all the information necessary for task management.

A data structure that stores information about a task

Answer

Correct Answer: A kernel data structure associated with each task containing all the information necessary for task management.

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What is a task?

A type of software

A program that is executed by the processor

A computation in which the operations are executed by the processor one at a time.

A set of instructions that a computer can execute

Answer

Correct Answer: A computation in which the operations are executed by the processor one at a time.

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What is another word for "Tardiness"?

On time

Early

Late

Exceeding time

Answer

Correct Answer: Exceeding time

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What is synchronization?

A device that regulates the timing of the operations of two or more concurrent jobs.

A mechanism that allows two or more concurrent jobs to share resources.

A constraint that imposes an order to the operations carried out by two or more concurrent jobs.

A strategy that ensures that two or more concurrent jobs make progress.

Answer

Correct Answer: A constraint that imposes an order to the operations carried out by two or more concurrent jobs.

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Static scheduling is a method in which ________?

Some scheduling decisions are precomputed offline

All scheduling decisions are precomputed offline

All scheduling decisions are made online

Scheduling decisions are made based on the current state of the system

Answer

Correct Answer: All scheduling decisions are precomputed offline

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What is starvation?

A disease that causes weakness and emaciation.

A feeling of discomfort when one is hungry.

A sudden rise in prices and/or decrease in availability of essential goods.

A phenomenon for which an active job waits for the processor for an unbounded amount of time

Answer

Correct Answer: A phenomenon for which an active job waits for the processor for an unbounded amount of time

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What is the start time?

The time at which a job is scheduled to start.

The time at which a job finishes executing.

The time at which a job starts executing for the first time.

The time at which a job is due to start.

Answer

Correct Answer: The time at which a job starts executing for the first time.

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What is a soft task?

A task that must be completed within their deadlines

A task whose instances should be possibly completed within their deadlines

A task that cannot possibly be completed within their deadlines

An impossible task

Answer

Correct Answer: A task whose instances should be possibly completed within their deadlines

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What is the maximum delay a job can experience after its activation and still complete within its deadline?

Maximum time

Minimum time

Dead time

Slack time

Answer

Correct Answer: Slack time

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What is a shared resource?

A resource that is accessible by two or more processes.

A resource that is not accessible by one processes.

A resource that is not accessible by any process.

A resource that is accessible by only one process.

Answer

Correct Answer: A resource that is accessible by two or more processes.

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What is the unit of measurement for service time?

Minutes

Hours

Days

Seconds

Answer

Correct Answer: Seconds

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What is a server?

A process that requests information from another process

A kernel process dedicated to the management of a shared resource.

A process that execute instructions from another process.

A process that provides information to another process

Answer

Correct Answer: A kernel process dedicated to the management of a shared resource.

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What does "Scheduling" refer to in computer science?

The design of the processor

The speed of the processor

The assignment of tasks to the processor

The capacity of the processor

Answer

Correct Answer: The assignment of tasks to the processor

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What is a schedulable task set?

A task set that includes all tasks that can be scheduled

A task set for which no feasible schedule exists

A task set for which a feasible schedule exists.

A task set for which multiple feasible schedules exist

Answer

Correct Answer: A task set for which a feasible schedule exists.

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What is the time interval between the request time and the finishing time of a job called?

Residence time

Reaction time

Response time

Request time

Answer

Correct Answer: Response time

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What is a resource constraint?

A measure of the amount of resources required to complete all tasks.

The amount of time required to complete a task.

A measure of the amount of resources required to complete a task.

A dependency relation among tasks that share a common resource used in exclusive mode.

Answer

Correct Answer: A dependency relation among tasks that share a common resource used in exclusive mode.

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What does the term "resource" refer to in computer science?

The speed of a computer's processor.

The amount of available space on a computer's hard drive.

Any entity that can be used by tasks to carry on their computation.

The amount of available RAM on a computer.

Answer

Correct Answer: Any entity that can be used by tasks to carry on their computation.

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What is the request time?

The time instant at which a job or a task completes

The time instant at which a processor becomes available

The time instant at which a job or a task requests a service to the processor

The time instant at which a job or a task starts

Answer

Correct Answer: The time instant at which a job or a task requests a service to the processor

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Relative Jitter is defined as ___________

The maximum difference between the start times of two consecutive instances of a periodic task.

The standard deviation of the start times of two consecutive instances of a periodic task.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum difference between the start times of two consecutive instances of a periodic task.

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What does a queue represent?

An ordered list of elements

A set of jobs waiting for a given type of resource and ordered according to some parameter.

A set of tasks waiting to be completed by a process

A set of instructions waiting to be executed by the CPU

Answer

Correct Answer: A set of jobs waiting for a given type of resource and ordered according to some parameter.

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What is push-through blocking?

A process whereby changes to a shared data object are immediately pushed through to all replicas of that object.

A form of memory allocation in which each block is pushed through a hole to the appropriate place.

A form of blocking introduced by the Priority Inheritance and the Priority Ceiling protocols.

A system in which each process can run for a maximum time slice before another process gets a turn.

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of blocking introduced by the Priority Inheritance and the Priority Ceiling protocols.

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What is the processing time?

The amount of time required by the processor to execute a job with interruption.

The amount of time required by the system to execute a job.

The amount of time required by the processor to execute a job without interruption.

The amount of time required by the user to execute a job.

Answer

Correct Answer: The amount of time required by the processor to execute a job without interruption.

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What is a process consisting of a sequence of identical jobs called?

Tasks

Jobs

Instances

Workflows

Answer

Correct Answer: Instances

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What is process?

A program in execution

The conversion of instructions into machine code

A computation in which the operations are executed by the processor one at a time.

Answer

Correct Answer: A computation in which the operations are executed by the processor one at a time.

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What is Priority Inversion?

A phenomenon for which a task is blocked by a lower-priority task for an unbounded amount of time

A task that is blocked by a lower-priority task for a bounded amount of time

A task that is blocked by a higher-priority task for a bounded amount of time

A task that is blocked by a higher-priority task for an unbounded amount of time

Answer

Correct Answer: A phenomenon for which a task is blocked by a lower-priority task for an unbounded amount of time

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What is the consequence of a scheduling decision in a real-time system?

The system is not predictable.

The system is less predictable.

The system is more unpredictable.

The system can be analyzed and anticipated.

Answer

Correct Answer: The system can be analyzed and anticipated.

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What is a precedence constraint?

A measure of the importance of a task

A constraint that indicates the order in which tasks must be performed

A dependency relation between two or more tasks

A tool for managing dependencies between tasks

Answer

Correct Answer: A dependency relation between two or more tasks

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What is a precedence graph?

A directed acyclic graph that describes the precedence relations in a group of tasks.

A directed acyclic graph that describes the relations in a group of tasks.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: A directed acyclic graph that describes the precedence relations in a group of tasks.

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What is a Port?

A town

An airport

A general intertask communication mechanism based on a message passing scheme.

A seaport

Answer

Correct Answer: A general intertask communication mechanism based on a message passing scheme.

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What does "polling" refer to in the context of servers?

A group of people gathered together

The act of voting

A measure of public opinion

A service technique in which the server periodically examines the requests of its clients.

Answer

Correct Answer: A service technique in which the server periodically examines the requests of its clients.

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What is the definition of "phase"?

A measure of how much a wave has been distorted

The time instant at which a periodic task is activated for the first time.

When two waves meet

The highest difference in voltage or current between two waves

Answer

Correct Answer: The time instant at which a periodic task is activated for the first time.

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What is the main reason for concurrency?

Functional

Expressive power

Performance

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these

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What is an Application programming interface?

A type of graphic design

A software company

A way to access data from a database

A set of subroutine definitions, protocols, and tools for building application software.

Answer

Correct Answer: A set of subroutine definitions, protocols, and tools for building application software.

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What does an OS do?

Translate English to French

Create a website

Provide access to the physical resources of a computing machine

Store pictures

Answer

Correct Answer: Provide access to the physical resources of a computing machine

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What does an operating system do?

Translate user input into machine code

Provide a user interface

Store data

Provide an abstraction of the physical machine

Answer

Correct Answer: Provide an abstraction of the physical machine

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What is a program?

It is a process of solving a problem by using a computer.

It is a graphical representation of an algorithm.

It is a set of instructions to be executed by a computer.

It is the implementation of an algorithm in a programming language.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is the implementation of an algorithm in a programming language.

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What is an algorithm?

It is a set of mathematical rules

It is a formula or a set of steps for solving a problem

It is a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations

It is the logical procedure to solve a certain problem

Answer

Correct Answer: It is the logical procedure to solve a certain problem

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What is a periodic task?

A one-time task

A task that is not related to time

A type of task that consists of a sequence of identical jobs (instances), activated at regular intervals.

A task that is done sporadically

Answer

Correct Answer: A type of task that consists of a sequence of identical jobs (instances), activated at regular intervals.

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What is the definition of "Period"?

The interval of time between the activation of two consecutive instances of a periodic task.

The rate at which an event occurs.

The amount of time it takes for a single wave to pass a given point.

The number of times an event repeats itself over a given unit of time.

Answer

Correct Answer: The interval of time between the activation of two consecutive instances of a periodic task.

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What is the definition of "overload"?

Exceptional load condition on the processor

Increased resistance in an electrical circuit

More work than can be done

Too much information

Answer

Correct Answer: Exceptional load condition on the processor

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What is the time required by the processor to manage all internal mechanisms of the operating system called?

Kernel time

User time

System time

Overhead

Answer

Correct Answer: Overhead

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What is an Optimal algorithm?

A scheduling algorithm that minimizes some cost function defined over the task set.

An algorithm that schedules processes in a way that minimizes the amount of time spent waiting

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: A scheduling algorithm that minimizes some cost function defined over the task set.

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What is mutual exclusion?

A race condition where the output of a program depends on the order in which processes execute

A kernel mechanism that serializes the execution of concurrent tasks on critical sections of code.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: A kernel mechanism that serializes the execution of concurrent tasks on critical sections of code.

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What is a mailbox?

A device used to store unread messages

A device used to store read messages.

A communication buffer characterized by a message queue shared between two or more jobs.

A device used to store sent messages

Answer

Correct Answer: A communication buffer characterized by a message queue shared between two or more jobs.

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What does LCTI mean?

Length of the Correct time interval

Length of the Computation time interval

Load of the Computation time interval

Load Computation time demanded by a task set in an interval, divided by the length of the interval.

Answer

Correct Answer: Load Computation time demanded by a task set in an interval, divided by the length of the interval.

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What is the maximum time that can be represented inside the kernel?

5 years

2 years

10 years

Lifetime

Answer

Correct Answer: Lifetime

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What is the other name for Laxity?

Leisure time

Free time

Slack time

Idle time

Answer

Correct Answer: Slack time

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What is Laxity?

The maximum delay that a job can experience after its activation and still complete within its deadline.

The minimum delay that a job can experience before its activation and still complete within its deadline.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum delay that a job can experience after its activation and still complete within its deadline.

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What is Kernel?

An operating system that allows multiple tasks to share common resources

An operating environment that enables a set of tasks to execute concurrently on a single processor.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Both of these

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What is the definition of "Jitter"?

The act of moving back and forth quickly

A type of coffee

The difference between two average values

The difference between the start times of two or more instances of a periodic task.

Answer

Correct Answer: The difference between the start times of two or more instances of a periodic task.

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What is Interarrival time?

The time interval between the activation of two consecutive instances of the same task.

The time interval between the deactivation of two consecutive instances of the same task.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: The time interval between the activation of two consecutive instances of the same task.

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What does an "instance" refer to in the context of task execution?

A particular execution of a schedule.

The sequence of jobs that characterize a periodic task.

A single job belonging to the sequence of jobs that characterize a periodic or an aperiodic task.

The sequence of jobs that characterize an aperiodic task.

Answer

Correct Answer: A single job belonging to the sequence of jobs that characterize a periodic or an aperiodic task.

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What is the definition of "Idle time"?

Time during which a processor can accept and respond to requests.

Time in which the processor is executing a task.

Time interval between starting and completing a task.

Time in which the processor does not execute any task.

Answer

Correct Answer: Time in which the processor does not execute any task.

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What is the definition of idle state?

The state in which a task is active and waiting to be completed.

The state in which a task is notactive and waiting to be started.

The state in which a task is completed and waiting to be started.

The state in which a task is not active and waits to be activated.

Answer

Correct Answer: The state in which a task is not active and waits to be activated.

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What is the minimum time interval after which the schedule repeats itself?

Hyperperiod

Hypodermic

Schedule

Hyperactive

Answer

Correct Answer: Hyperperiod

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What is a "hard task"?

A task whose instances must be a priori guaranteed to complete within their deadlines.

A task that is difficult to complete

A task that must be completed quickly

A task that is impossible to complete

Answer

Correct Answer: A task whose instances must be a priori guaranteed to complete within their deadlines.

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What is a schedulability test?

A test that verifies whether a task or set of tasks can complete within specified budget constraints.

A test that verifies whether a task or set of tasks can complete within specified timing constraints.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: A test that verifies whether a task or set of tasks can complete within specified timing constraints.

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What is a firm task?

A task that can be partially completed

A task that can be completed at any time

A task in which each instance must be either guaranteed to complete within its deadline or entirely rejected.

A task with no specific deadline

Answer

Correct Answer: A task in which each instance must be either guaranteed to complete within its deadline or entirely rejected.

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What is an exclusive resource?

A shared resource that cannot be accessed by more than one task at a time

A shared resource that can be accessed by only one task at a time

A shared resource that can be accessed by more than one task at a time

A resource that can be accessed by only one task at a time

Answer

Correct Answer: A shared resource that cannot be accessed by more than one task at a time

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What is the interval of time called in which a job stays active after its deadline?

Exceeding time

Job interval

Expiration date

Tardiness

Answer

Correct Answer: Exceeding time

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What is an event?

A planned or fixed occasion

A social occasion

An occurrence that requires a system reaction

A gathering of people for a particular purpose

Answer

Correct Answer: An occurrence that requires a system reaction

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What is the Domino Effect?

A game involving tiles

A phenomenon in which the arrival of a new task causes all previously guaranteed tasks to miss their deadlines.

When one thing causes another thing to happen and so on

A movie starring Tom Hanks

Answer

Correct Answer: A phenomenon in which the arrival of a new task causes all previously guaranteed tasks to miss their deadlines.

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What is dispatching?

Sending a message or letter

The act of moving something from one place to another

A type of Samba dance

The assignment of the processor to the task having highest priority

Answer

Correct Answer: The assignment of the processor to the task having highest priority

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What is direct blocking?

When two tasks are trying to access the same resource at the same time

When a task is unable to run because it is waiting for an event to happen

When a task is unable to run because it is waiting for another task to finish

A form of blocking due to the attempt of accessing an exclusive resource, held by another task.

Answer

Correct Answer: A form of blocking due to the attempt of accessing an exclusive resource, held by another task.

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What is the definition of Deadlock?

A situation in which two or more processes are waiting for an event to occur.

A situation where a process is waiting for an event that will never occur.

A situation where a process is waiting for another process to release a resource.

A situation in which two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for events that will never occur.

Answer

Correct Answer: A situation in which two or more processes are waiting indefinitely for events that will never occur.

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What is the meaning of Deadline?

On the due date

The time within which a real-time task should complete its execution.

Before the due date

After the due date

Answer

Correct Answer: The time within which a real-time task should complete its execution.

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What is the sum of the task values gained by a scheduling algorithm after executing a task set?

Minimum value

Total value

Maximum value

Cumulative value

Answer

Correct Answer: Cumulative value

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What is the critical zone?

The end of a job

The beginning of a job

The interval between a critical instant of a job and its corresponding finishing time.

The middle of a job

Answer

Correct Answer: The interval between a critical instant of a job and its corresponding finishing time.

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What does the term "critical section" refer to in computer science?

A code segment that is not subject to mutual exclusion.

A code that is never executed.

A code segment that is always executed.

A code segment subject to a mutual exclusion.

Answer

Correct Answer: A code segment subject to a mutual exclusion.

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What is the critical instant?

The time at which the release of a job is indeterminate.

The time at which the release of a job has no effect on response time.

The time at which the release of a job produces the smallest response time.

The time at which the release of a job produces the largest response time.

Answer

Correct Answer: The time at which the release of a job produces the largest response time.

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What is the meaning of Context?

The set of data required to restore a process to its previous state.

A set of data that describes the state of the memory at a particular time.

A set of data that describes the state of the processor at a particular time.

The ability of the processor to remember previous states.

Answer

Correct Answer: A set of data that describes the state of the processor at a particular time.

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What are concurrent processes?

Programs that are executed one after the other.

Processes that overlap in time.

Processes that are waiting to be executed.

Two or more programs that are running at the same time.

Answer

Correct Answer: Processes that overlap in time.

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What is computation time also called?

Retrieval time

Memory time

Instruction time

Service time or processing time

Answer

Correct Answer: Service time or processing time

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What is the time at which a job finishes executing called?

Completion time

Compilation time

Waiting time

Execution time

Answer

Correct Answer: Completion time

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What is a channel?

A physical link that holds two or more devices together.

A link between task and kernel

The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations

A logical link through which two or more tasks exchange information by a message-passing mechanism.

Answer

Correct Answer: A logical link through which two or more tasks exchange information by a message-passing mechanism.

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What is Ceiling blocking?

A short-term memory technique in which words are arranged in groups on a virtual

A special form of blocking introduced by the Priority Ceiling Protocol.

Both of these

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Both of these

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What is the meaning of Ceiling?

The top part of a room

A device used to hoist something

Obstruction of view

Priority level associated with a semaphore or a resource according to an access protocol.

Answer

Correct Answer: Priority level associated with a semaphore or a resource according to an access protocol.

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What is the maximum amount of time dedicated by a periodic server?

Capacity

Service

Time

Maximum

Answer

Correct Answer: Capacity

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What is Buffer?

A temporary holding place for data

A memory area shared by two or more tasks for exchanging data.

A software device

A hardware device

Answer

Correct Answer: A memory area shared by two or more tasks for exchanging data.

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What is blocking?

A job is said to be blocked when it has to wait for a job having a higher priority.

When a process is waiting for an event that will never happen

A job is said to be blocked when it has to wait for a job having a lower priority.

When a process is waiting for another process to release a locked resource.

Answer

Correct Answer: A job is said to be blocked when it has to wait for a job having a lower priority.

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What is background scheduling?

Task-management policy used to execute low-priority tasks in the presence of low-priority tasks

Task-management policy used to execute low-priority tasks in the presence of high-priority tasks

Task-management policy used to execute high-priority tasks in the presence of low-priority tasks

Task-management policy used to execute high-priority tasks in the presence of high-priority tasks

Answer

Correct Answer: Task-management policy used to execute low-priority tasks in the presence of high-priority tasks

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What is arrival time?

The time instant at which a job or a task enters the completed state.

The time instant at which a job or a task enters the running state.

The time instant at which a job or a task enters the blocked state.

The time instant at which a job or a task enters the ready queue.

Answer

Correct Answer: The time instant at which a job or a task enters the ready queue.

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What is the average number of jobs requested per unit of time?

Departure

Arrival

Workload

Throughput

Answer

Correct Answer: Arrival

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What is an aperiodic task?

A task that consists of a sequence of identical jobs (instances), activated at regular intervals.

A task that consists of a sequence of different jobs (instances), activated at irregular intervals.

A task that consists of a sequence of different jobs (instances), activated at regular intervals.

A task that consists of a sequence of identical jobs (instances), activated at irregular intervals.

Answer

Correct Answer: A task that consists of a sequence of identical jobs (instances), activated at irregular intervals.

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What is the purpose of Admission Control?

To regulate the admission of new tasks in the system

To manage the scheduling of tasks in the system

To monitor the performance of tasks in the system

To keep track of all tasks in the system

Answer

Correct Answer: To regulate the admission of new tasks in the system

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What is activation?

A kernel operation

Moving a task from a sleeping state to an active state

A state

Moving a task from an active state to a sleeping state

Answer

Correct Answer: Moving a task from a sleeping state to an active state

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What is an acceptance test?

A test to determine the performance of a new system

A test to determine the accuracy of a new component

A schedulability test performed at the arrival time of a new task

A test to determine the feasibility of a new product

Answer

Correct Answer: A schedulability test performed at the arrival time of a new task

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What is absolute jitter?

The sum of the maximum and the minimum start time of all periodic task instances.

The difference between the maximum and the minimum finish time of all periodic task instances.

The sum of the maximum and the minimum finish time of all periodic task instances.

The difference between the maximum and the minimum start time of all periodic task instances.

Answer

Correct Answer: The difference between the maximum and the minimum start time of all periodic task instances.

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More Astronautical Engineering Subjects

Aerodynamics

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Experimental Projects

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Space Systems Engineering

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