Materials and Structures MCQ

1. What is a window sill?

Answer

Correct Answer: The bottom horizontal trim member at the base of a window projecting outward.

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2. What is webbing truss?

Answer

Correct Answer: A truss member that connects the top and bottom chords, filling the truss structure.

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3. What is webbing truss made up of?

Answer

Correct Answer: Truss members that connect the top and bottom chords

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4. What is a wall cabinet also called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Overhead cabinet

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5. Valley Flashing is ______________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sheet metal flashing that is shaped to contour the valley of a roof where two roof sections meet.

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6. Valley flashing is used to:

Answer

Correct Answer: Shape the valley of a roof where two roof sections meet.

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7. Which part of a truss creates the ceiling on the interior of a structure?

Answer

Correct Answer: The horizontal bottom member

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8. What is the horizontal bottom member of a truss called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Truss Chord

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9. Trusses are triangular in shape because _____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: It is the strongest possible shape for withstanding compression and tension

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10. What is a trimmer?

Answer

Correct Answer: A vertical framing member that supports a window or door header on its ends.

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11. What is a transom window?

Answer

Correct Answer: A window that is placed above a doorway.

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12. What does the top plate carry?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ceiling joists or rafters

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13. What is the purpose of a top plate?

Answer

Correct Answer: To carry the ceiling joists or rafters

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14. What is the purpose of termite flashing?

Answer

Correct Answer: To prevent insects from getting into the wood-framed structure.

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15. What is a stud?

Answer

Correct Answer: A vertical framing member used to create walls.

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16. What is the purpose of a stud?

Answer

Correct Answer: A vertical framing member used to create walls

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17. What is the angled member of a stair section that supports the risers and treads called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Stringer

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18. What does a stringer support?

Answer

Correct Answer: Risers and treads

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19. What is a stile?

Answer

Correct Answer: A vertical face frame member of a cabinet between two doors.

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20. What is a stepped foundation wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: A foundation wall or stem wall that may have various heights creating a stepped look.

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21. What is a stem wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: A foundation wall section made of concrete below the framed section and above the footing.

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22. What is a stair riser?

Answer

Correct Answer: The vertical face of a step in a flight of stairs.

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23. What is a Split Level A house?

Answer

Correct Answer: A house in which various sections of the floor plan have different floor and ceilings heights.

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24. What is a soffit?

Answer

Correct Answer: A boxed area usually built above cabinets to fill the gap between the cabinet top and the ceiling.

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25. What is the purpose of a soffit?

Answer

Correct Answer: To fill the gap between the cabinet top and the ceiling.

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26. Which of the following is true about a slider door?

Answer

Correct Answer: One section is active, sliding over the other section when opened.

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27. What is a slab foundation?

Answer

Correct Answer: A foundation in which a concrete slab foundation floor creates the first floor of a home.

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28. What type of roof covers an entire area?

Answer

Correct Answer: Shed Roof

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29. What is the outer cover of a framed wall or roof section called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Sheathing

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30. What is the purpose of sheathing?

Answer

Correct Answer: It is the outer cover of a framed wall or roof section.

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31. Why is the ridge off-center on a saltbox roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: Because the roof's pitch is different on each of the two roof sections.

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32. What is a rim joist?

Answer

Correct Answer: A joist at the outer edge of a floor platform to which the floor joist ends meet.

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33. What is the highest part of a roof where the sloped roof planes meet called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Ridge

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34. What is rebar?

Answer

Correct Answer: Reinforcing bar that is used to strengthen concrete structures

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35. What is the purpose of a rafter?

Answer

Correct Answer: The rafters support the exterior roof surface and snow loads.

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36. What is a quoin?

Answer

Correct Answer: Large square stones or stucco trim used as decorative accents on exterior corners of buildings.

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37. What is the purpose of a pony wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: To extend a shorter foundation wall to full height

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38. What is a pony wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: A framed wall that extends a shorter foundation wall to full height

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39. What is a pocket door?

Answer

Correct Answer: A space-saving door style that slides into the wall rather than swinging open into a room or hallway.

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40. What is a plinth block?

Answer

Correct Answer: A decorative block of wood used at the bottom of door casings where the baseboard meets the door.

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41. What is the definition of a Pillar?

Answer

Correct Answer: A post or newel that extends to the ceiling height.

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42. How are piers created?

Answer

Correct Answer: By filled drilled holes in the ground with concrete reinforced with steel

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43. What does Newel refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: A support post placed vertically

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44. What is a newel?

Answer

Correct Answer: A support post placed vertically, generally joining sections with railing and balusters.

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45. What is a Monolithic Slab?

Answer

Correct Answer: A single slab foundation for a house that incorporates footings at its edge without any joints.

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46. What is a Mansard roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: A hipped roof with two separate roof pitches within the same plane

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47. What are lites?

Answer

Correct Answer: Separated glass areas in a window

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48. What is the purpose of a landing?

Answer

Correct Answer: A resting place between two sections of stairs

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49. What's a landing?

Answer

Correct Answer: A level platform that is between two sections of stairs.

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50. What is true about a home with a hip roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: A hipped roof maintains all the eaves level all the way around the home.

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51. What is the main advantage of a hipped roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: All the eaves are level.

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52. What is a hearth?

Answer

Correct Answer: A platform at floor level that extends in front of a fireplace.

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53. What is the purpose of a gutter?

Answer

Correct Answer: To carry away water that runs off the roof surface.

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54. What is the main purpose of a gutter attached to a fascia board?

Answer

Correct Answer: To carry away water that runs off the roof surface

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55. What is the term for a roof where each side of the gable is divided into two sections?

Answer

Correct Answer: Gull wing roof

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56. What is the opposite of a Gull wing roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: Gambrel roof

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57. What is a girder truss?

Answer

Correct Answer: A truss that supports other trusses that are perpendicular to it.

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58. What is a Gambrel Roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: A gable roof where two roof pitches are used on either side of the triangular shape

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59. What is a gable roof?

Answer

Correct Answer: A pitched roof terminating in a gable at one or both ends.

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60. What is the name for the triangular wall section created when a roof pitch end terminates at an exterior wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: Gable

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61. What does a footing support?

Answer

Correct Answer: Foundation or bearing walls carrying the weight of upper floors, roof structures, etc.

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62. How does a footing generally compare to the foundation or bearing wall it supports?

Answer

Correct Answer: A footing is generally wider than the foundation or bearing wall.

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63. What does HVAC stand for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

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64. What does elevation refer to in architecture?

Answer

Correct Answer: A view of an architectural model taken horizontally, looking at a vertical surface in a design.

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65. What is the purpose of an egress window?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide an emergency exit

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66. Why are egress windows regulated by building codes?

Answer

Correct Answer: To establish a minimum size requirement that can be adequately used as a fire escape

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67. What is the lower part of a roof plane that extends outward from the structure at the same slope as the roof called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Eaves

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68. A dropped ceiling is created by constructing a ceiling plane lower than what?

Answer

Correct Answer: The actual ceiling height

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69. Why is a dropped ceiling sometimes used?

Answer

Correct Answer: To cover mechanical systems

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70. What is the purpose of a dormer?

Answer

Correct Answer: To allow natural light to enter into upper floors or attic spaces.

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71. What is the purpose of crown molding?

Answer

Correct Answer: Decorative molding placed at the joint of a ceiling and wall surface.

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72. A coffered ceiling is generally installed _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Underneath the roof planes

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73. What is a chair rail?

Answer

Correct Answer: A molding that goes around the room's perimeter at the chair back height

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74. What is the purpose of a chair rail?

Answer

Correct Answer: To protect the walls from chair backs

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75. What is a cathedral ceiling?

Answer

Correct Answer: A ceiling that follows the underside of the roof or rafters, creating a sloped surface.

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76. What is the function of casing?

Answer

Correct Answer: Surrounding a window or door

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77. What is the purpose of a bridge?

Answer

Correct Answer: To join studs in a wall

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78. What is the purpose of a birdsmouth?

Answer

Correct Answer: To allow the rafter to rest on a bearing wall

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79. Bifold doors are made of _____?

Answer

Correct Answer: Two hinged panels

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80. What is a bifold door?

Answer

Correct Answer: A door made of two hinged panels that fold to one side of the opening

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81. What is a Bearing Wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: Any wall that carries a structural load.

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82. What is the primary purpose of a beam?

Answer

Correct Answer: To support loads over a span

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83. What is the purpose of a beam?

Answer

Correct Answer: To carry roof or floor loads over a certain span.

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84. What is a Bay Window?

Answer

Correct Answer: A window generally consisting of three wall segments.

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85. What is the function of a batten?

Answer

Correct Answer: To cover the seam of adjoining siding boards

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86. What is the purpose of a batten?

Answer

Correct Answer: To cover the seam of adjoining siding boards.

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87. What is a "toe-kick" in relation to base cabinets?

Answer

Correct Answer: A panel that covers the area between the cabinet door and the floor

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88. What is baseboard?

Answer

Correct Answer: A molding that goes around the perimeter of a room at the base of the walls.

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89. What is Wrought Iron?

Answer

Correct Answer: An iron alloy that is less brittle than cast iron

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90. What is wood?

Answer

Correct Answer: A common natural material strong in both compression and tension

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91. What is the name for the side of a dam that is against the water?

Answer

Correct Answer: Upstream Face

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92. What does "unstable" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: A structure that collapses or deforms under a realistic load

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93. What is a Tunnel Shield?

Answer

Correct Answer: A cylinder pushed ahead of tunneling equipment to provide advance support for the tunnel roof

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94. What is a Tunnel Boring Machine?

Answer

Correct Answer: A mechanical device that tunnels through the ground

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95. What is a truss?

Answer

Correct Answer: A rigid frame composed of short, straight pieces joined to form a series of triangles or other stable shapes

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96. What is the vertical structure in a suspension bridge or cable-stayed bridge from which cables are hung?

Answer

Correct Answer: Tower

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97. What is the Tower in a suspension bridge used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: The vertical structure in a suspension bridge from which cables are hung

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98. What is Torsion?

Answer

Correct Answer: Twisting a material

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99. What is a Tension Ring?

Answer

Correct Answer: A support ring that resists the outward force pushing against the lower sides of a dome.

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100. What is tension?

Answer

Correct Answer: A stretching force that pulls on a material

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101. What is Tensegrity?

Answer

Correct Answer: An array of tension cables and compression rods that supports a structure

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102. Tensegrity is an array of tension cables and compression rods that supports a structure; invented by ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Kenneth Snellson

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103. What is a tailings dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dam used to contain mining waste

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104. What is the main purpose of a structural engineer?

Answer

Correct Answer: To make sure structures are safe and sound for human use

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105. What does the word "strong" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability to carry a realistic load

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106. What was the protagonist standing on when she saw the man?

Answer

Correct Answer: The floor of a skyscraper

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107. What is the floor of a skyscraper made of?

Answer

Correct Answer: Concrete

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108. What is the meaning of the word "stiff"

Answer

Correct Answer: The measure of a structure's capacity to resist deformation

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109. What is steel?

Answer

Correct Answer: An alloy of iron and carbon that is hard, strong, and malleable

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110. What is the definition of "stable"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Ability to resist collapse and deformation

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111. What is the spire?

Answer

Correct Answer: An architectural or decorative feature of a skyscraper

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112. What is the purpose of a spillway?

Answer

Correct Answer: To release lake water when it gets high enough to threaten the safety of a dam

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113. What does the word "Span" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The distance a bridge extends between two supports

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114. A soft-ground tunnel is a passage constructed through _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Loose, unstable, or wet ground

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115. What is a soft-ground tunnel?

Answer

Correct Answer: A passage constructed through loose, unstable, or wet ground, requiring supports to keep the walls from collapsing.

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116. What is the diameter of silt particles?

Answer

Correct Answer: 0.004 to 0.06 mm

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117. What are shear-walls?

Answer

Correct Answer: Solid concrete walls that resist shear forces

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118. What are shear-walls used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: To resist shear forces

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119. What is the definition of "shear"?

Answer

Correct Answer: A force that causes parts of a material to slide past one another in opposite directions

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120. What is Rock Tunnel?

Answer

Correct Answer: A passage constructed through solid rock

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121. What does "Rigid" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: The measure of a structure's ability not to change shape when subjected to a load.

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122. Who introduced the Richter Scale?

Answer

Correct Answer: Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter

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123. What is reinforced concrete?

Answer

Correct Answer: Concrete with steel bars or mesh embedded in it for increased strength in tension

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124. What is plastic made of?

Answer

Correct Answer: Long chains of molecules

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125. What is a pile?

Answer

Correct Answer: A long, round pole of wood, concrete, or steel driven into the soil by pile drivers

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126. What is the name for a triangular shape that adapts the circular ring of a dome to fit onto a flat supporting wall?

Answer

Correct Answer: Pendentive

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127. What is a Pendentive?

Answer

Correct Answer: A triangular shape that adapts the circular ring of a dome to fit onto a flat supporting wall

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128. What is a pier?

Answer

Correct Answer: A vertical supporting structure, such as a pillar

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129. What is the perimeter?

Answer

Correct Answer: The distance around the outside of a shape

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130. What is nitroglycerin used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: An explosive compound

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131. What is the main ingredient of Nitroglycerin?

Answer

Correct Answer: Glycerol

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132. How many types of movable bridges are there?

Answer

Correct Answer: 5

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133. Which type of bridge has a deck that rotates around a center point?

Answer

Correct Answer: Swing bridge

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134. What is a monolithic dome?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dome composed of a series of arches, joined together with a series of horizontal rings called parallels

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135. What is Masonry?

Answer

Correct Answer: A building material such as stone, clay, brick, or concrete

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136. What does load refer to in terms of weight distribution?

Answer

Correct Answer: Weight distribution throughout a structure

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137. What is the function of a joint?

Answer

Correct Answer: To connect two or more adjacent parts of a structure

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138. Which of the following is NOT a type of joint?

Answer

Correct Answer: Rigid joint

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139. What is the chemical symbol for Iron?

Answer

Correct Answer: Fe

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140. What is Iron?

Answer

Correct Answer: Iron is a chemical element

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141. What is the first low-explosive mixture used as a blasting agent?

Answer

Correct Answer: Black powder

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142. What is a gravity dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dam constructed so that its great weight resists the force of water pressure

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143. What is a geotechnical engineer?

Answer

Correct Answer: An engineer who evaluates and stabilizes foundations for buildings, roads, and other structures

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144. What is a geodesic dome?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dome composed of short, straight pieces joined to form triangles

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145. What is the definition of force?

Answer

Correct Answer: Any action that tends to maintain or alter the position of a structure.

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146. What does Force tend to do?

Answer

Correct Answer: Maintain or alter the position of a structure

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147. What is the purpose of fire-setting?

Answer

Correct Answer: To fracture rock

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148. What is an Embankment Dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dam composed of a mound of earth and rock; the simplest type of gravity dam

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149. What is an electrical engineer?

Answer

Correct Answer: Someone who designs and builds electrical devices and systems

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150. What is Dynamite?

Answer

Correct Answer: A blasting explosive, based on nitroglycerin, but much safer to handle than nitroglycerin alone

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151. What is the main ingredient in dynamite?

Answer

Correct Answer: Nitroglycerin

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152. What is the upstream face?

Answer

Correct Answer: The side of the dam that is against the water

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153. What is a three-dimensional arch?

Answer

Correct Answer: A curved roof enclosing a circular space

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154. What is a diversion channel?

Answer

Correct Answer: A bypass created to divert water around a dam so that construction can take place

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155. What does the word "deform" mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: To change shape

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156. What is a deck?

Answer

Correct Answer: Supported roadway on a bridge

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157. What is the cut and cover method of tunnel construction?

Answer

Correct Answer: Digging a trench, building a tunnel, and then covering it with fill

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158. What is the core of a skyscraper typically used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Houses elevator and stairwell

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159. What is the "core" of a skyscraper?

Answer

Correct Answer: The central region of a skyscraper, which usually houses an elevator and stairwell.

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160. What type of bridge is a Continuous Span Beam Bridge?

Answer

Correct Answer: Simple bridge made by linking one beam bridge to another

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161. What does a construction manager do?

Answer

Correct Answer: Coordinates the entire construction process

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162. What is concrete made of?

Answer

Correct Answer: A mixture of water, sand, small stones, and a gray powder called cement

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163. What does compression mean?

Answer

Correct Answer: A pressing force that squeezes a material together

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164. What is the purpose of a Compressed-Air Chamber?

Answer

Correct Answer: So that excavation can take place

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165. What is a coffer?

Answer

Correct Answer: A sunken panel in a ceiling

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166. What is cement?

Answer

Correct Answer: A binding material or glue that helps concrete harden

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167. What does a civil engineer do?

Answer

Correct Answer: An engineer who plans, designs, and supervises the construction of facilities essential to modern life

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168. What is cast iron?

Answer

Correct Answer: Iron that has been melted, then poured into a form and cooled

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169. What is a Cantilever?

Answer

Correct Answer: A projecting structure supported only at one end

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170. What is Caisson Disease also called?

Answer

Correct Answer: The bends

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171. What is Caisson Disease?

Answer

Correct Answer: An affliction developed by people moving in and out of caissons quickly

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172. What is a caisson?

Answer

Correct Answer: A watertight, dry chamber in which people can work underwater

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173. What is a Cable-Stayed Bridge?

Answer

Correct Answer: A bridge in which the roadway deck is suspended from cables anchored to one or more towers

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174. What is a Buttress Dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A gravity dam reinforced by structural supports

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175. What is a buttress?

Answer

Correct Answer: A support that transmits a force from a roof or wall to another supporting structure

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176. What is the meaning of the word "Buckle"?

Answer

Correct Answer: To bend under compression

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177. To bend under compression is defined as _______

Answer

Correct Answer: Buckle

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178. What does it mean if a material is brittle?

Answer

Correct Answer: The material fails without warning.

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179. What is the definition of "brittle"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Characteristic of a material that fails without warning; brittle materials do not stretch or shorten before failing

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180. What is the definition of "brace"?

Answer

Correct Answer: A structural support

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181. What is Bedrock?

Answer

Correct Answer: A rock band from the 1970s.

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182. What is a beam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A rigid, usually horizontal, structural element

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183. What is an architect?

Answer

Correct Answer: A person who designs all kinds of structures

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184. What does an Arch Dam require less of than a Gravity Dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: Material

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185. What is an arch dam?

Answer

Correct Answer: A dam with an arched shape that resists the force of water pressure

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186. What is an aqueduct?

Answer

Correct Answer: A bridge or channel for conveying water, usually over long distances

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187. What is the meaning of "Anchorage"?

Answer

Correct Answer: A secure fixing, usually made of reinforced concrete to which the cables are fastened.

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188. What is the definition of "Anchorage"?

Answer

Correct Answer: A secure fixing, usually made of reinforced concrete to which the cables are fastened

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189. What is the atomic number of aluminum?

Answer

Correct Answer: 13

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190. What is the most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust?

Answer

Correct Answer: Aluminum

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191. What is the term for the component of a composite material that resists compressive stress and provides bulk to the composite material?

Answer

Correct Answer: Aggregate

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192. What is the function of aggregate in a composite material?

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide bulk to the composite material

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193. What is the definition of cohesion?

Answer

Correct Answer: The tendency of similar or identical particles/surfaces to cling to one another.

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194. What is an Acrow prop used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: A telescopic tubular steel prop, used as a temporary support.

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195. How many square feet are in an Acre?

Answer

Correct Answer: 43,560

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196. What is the SI unit of area?

Answer

Correct Answer: The SI unit of area is the square meter.

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197. What does abutment refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: The substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam

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198. What does an abutment support on a bridge?

Answer

Correct Answer: The load from the deck

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