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Cognition and Intrapersonal Communication MCQ

What are four factors in Kelley’s covariation model?

Compensation, personalism, affordability, deviance

Interior locus of control, exterior locus of control, hedonic relevance, correspondent inference

Consensus, consistency, distinctiveness, controllability

Situational factors, dispositional factors, cognitions, behaviors

Answer

Correct Answer: Consensus, consistency, distinctiveness, controllability

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What are two types of uncertainty?

Behavioral and cognitive

Irrelevance and informational

Consonance and substantive

Dissonance and violation valence

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavioral and cognitive

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Carol swims laps every day. She also believes that exercise is an important way to maintain her health. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that Carol’s beliefs and behaviors are ______.

Consonant

Irrelevant

Cognizant

Dissonant

Answer

Correct Answer: Consonant

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What are the explanations that we have about our own and others’ behavior?

Justifications

Non-examples

Uncertainty explanations

Attributions

Answer

Correct Answer: Attributions

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According to uncertainty reduction theory, humans seek to ______ uncertainty.

Eliminate

Increase

Minimize

Ignore

Answer

Correct Answer: Minimize

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Expectancy violations theory claims that two conditions will lead a person to reciprocate positive behavior. What are these conditions?

Negative dissonance ratio and negative communicator reward valence

Positive violation valence and positive communicator reward valence

Negative violation valence and positive recipient reward valence

Positive magnitude of dissonance and negative recipient reward valence

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive violation valence and positive communicator reward valence

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Juan explained to his boss that he was late to work because of his car accident. His boss said Juan should blame the other driver’s poor driving skills. Juan’s boss attributed his accident to ______ factors.

Dispositional

Situational

Inferential

Exterior

Answer

Correct Answer: Dispositional

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Jessica smokes cigarettes even though she knows that smoking is harmful to her health. The relationship between Jessica’s cognitions and behaviors is ______.

Consonant

Irrelevant

Cognizant

Dissonant

Answer

Correct Answer: Dissonant

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Juan was on his way to work when another car hit his bumper. Juan was upset, but believed that the accident happened because of poor weather conditions. According to attribution theory, Juan explained what happened using ______ factors.

Dispositional

Situational

Inferential

Exterior

Answer

Correct Answer: Situational

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Expectancy violations theory asserts that humans have two competing needs. What are they?

Openness and closedness

Intrapersonal communication and interpersonal communication

Action and reaction

Personal space and affiliation

Answer

Correct Answer: Personal space and affiliation

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Violation valence is the ________ evaluation of an expectation

Neutral

Positive

Negative

B & C

Answer

Correct Answer: B & C

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Social Desirability is being opposite to social conventions

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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Situational factors are _______ causes for behavior

External

Internal

Personal

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: External

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Selective retention is dismissing or forgetting information that creates

Consonance

Resonance

Dissonance

Concord

Answer

Correct Answer: Dissonance

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Deciphering ambiguous information so it is perceived to be consistent with established beliefs is known as

Selective retention

Selective interpretation

Selective attention

Selective exposure

Answer

Correct Answer: Selective interpretation

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Actively avoiding information __________ with previously established beliefs or behaviors is known as Selective Exposure

Consonant

Consistency

Inconsistent

Any of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Inconsistent

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Schema is a cognitive structure for organizing new information.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Engaging in the same behavior as someone else is known as

Absolving

Acquiting

Excusing

Reciprocating

Answer

Correct Answer: Reciprocating

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To rationalize is the ability to justify

Dissonance

Resonance

Concord

Consonance

Answer

Correct Answer: Dissonance

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Postdecision theory focuses on how people make sense of their decisions after they have made them.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Personalism is the belief that an actor specifically and intentionally behaves in ways that are

Hurtful

Helpful

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Both

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Magnitude of dissonance is the _____________ produced when experiencing conflicting behaviors and beliefs.

Degree of understanding

Degree of discomfort

Degree of comfort

Degree of concord

Answer

Correct Answer: Degree of discomfort

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____________ refers to beliefs and behaviors that have nothing to do with each other.

Irrelevance

Dissonance

Resonance

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Irrelevance

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In interactive strategy one goes directly to the source who has the most information.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Incentive is the extent to which an individual can provide

Rewards

Punishments

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Both

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The degree to which an individual believes an actor’s behavior directly affects him or her.

Interior locus of control

Exterior locus of control

Dissonance ratio

Hedonic relevance

Answer

Correct Answer: Hedonic relevance

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Which of the following describes exterior locus of control

Belief in fate

Belief in situational influences

No control of behavior

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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What an individual anticipates will happen in a given situation is known as

Expectancy

Prediction

Relevance

Dissonance

Answer

Correct Answer: Expectancy

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The proportion of incongruent beliefs held in relation to the number of consonant beliefs is known as

Relevance ratio

Dissonance ratio

Hedonic relevance

Distinctiveness

Answer

Correct Answer: Dissonance ratio

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Dissonance is _________ between attitudes and behavior.

Resonance

Relevance

Incongruence

Concord

Answer

Correct Answer: Incongruence

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Which of the following is a dispositional factor

Personality

Character

Biological traits

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Deviance is a behaviour that is according to expectation of typical behavior.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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Judgments about an actor’s intentions when a dispositional attribution is made are known as

Correspondent inferences

Dissonance ratio

Consonance

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Correspondent inferences

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Consonance is congruence in two stimuli

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Consistency is the extent to which an individual believes a ________ typically behaves in a particular fashion.

Target other

Leader

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Target other

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The extent to which an individual believes most people would behave in a given fashion is known as

Consistency

Consonance

Dissonance

Consensus

Answer

Correct Answer: Consensus

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Compensating is making up for _______ behavior

Your

Someone else's

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Someone else's

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Valence is the extent to which the violator is perceived as

Attractive

Rewarding

Harmful

A & B

Answer

Correct Answer: A & B

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Cognitive uncertainty is uncertainty about how someone should _______ about a given situation.

Think

Feel

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Both

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Cognitive uncertainty is uncertainty about how someone should _______ about a given situation.

Think

Feel

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Both

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In psychology, the focus on the internal processes that occur between cause and effect is known as

Consensus

Cognitive

Axiom

Subjectivity

Answer

Correct Answer: Cognitive

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Cognition includes the processes of _______ and storing stimuli.

Reducing

Elaborating

Transforming

All of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Behaviorism is a narrow focus on

Cause

Effect

Cause and effect

Cognition

Answer

Correct Answer: Cause and effect

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Uncertainty as to how someone should behave in a given situation is known as

Behavioral uncertainty

Cognitive uncertainty

Both

None

Answer

Correct Answer: Behavioral uncertainty

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Axiom refers to a fundamental lie

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: False

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The answer to the question “why did that person behave in that fashion?” is reffered to as

Axiom

Attribution

Cognition

Valence

Answer

Correct Answer: Attribution

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