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Structural Design MCQ

If a material has a linear deformation, then its deformation is ______________ to the loading.

Proportional

Inversely proportional

Not proportional

Directly proportional

Answer

Correct Answer: Directly proportional

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What is the unbraced length?

The length of a member with one support

The length of a member with three supports

The length of a member without any support

The length of a member with two supports

Answer

Correct Answer: The length of a member without any support

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What is a lateral load?

Load acting in a vertical direction

Load acting in a diagonal direction

Load acting in a lateral direction

Load acting in a horizontal direction

Answer

Correct Answer: Load acting in a lateral direction

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What is a lateral load resisting system?

A system that is designed to provide lateral loads and stability for the structure as a whole.

A system that is designed to provide lateral loads and stability for the structure.

A system that is designed to resist lateral loads and provide stability for individual structures.

A structural system that is designed to resist lateral loads and provide stability for the structure as a whole.

Answer

Correct Answer: A structural system that is designed to resist lateral loads and provide stability for the structure as a whole.

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What is lateral bracing?

A load-bearing wall that supports only vertical loads

A wall that is not load bearing

A wall that is not straight

Diagonal bracing, shear walls or equivalent means for providing in-plane

Lateral stability.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lateral stability.

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What is lap joint?

Joint between two overlapping connection elements in perpendicular planes

Joint between two overlapping connection elements in parallel planes.

Joint between two non-overlapping connection elements in parallel planes

Joint between two non-overlapping connection elements in perpendicular planes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Joint between two overlapping connection elements in parallel planes.

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What is the definition of "lacing"?

A structural element of a shirt

A type of shoe

A decoration for a cake

Plate, angle or other steel shape, in a lattice configuration, that connects two steel shapes

Together.

Answer

Correct Answer: Together.

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What does Kern refer to?

A type of support used in compression members

The edge of a post or other compression member which limits eccentric stresses being tensile

The process of shaping metal by hammering

The core of a post or other compression member which limits eccentric stresses being tensile

Answer

Correct Answer: The core of a post or other compression member which limits eccentric stresses being tensile

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What is the other name for K-connection?

Purlin

Window frame

Portal frame

French connection

Answer

Correct Answer: Portal frame

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What is a Joist?

A unit of weight equal to one twelfth of a pound

A repetitive light beam.

The crosspiece that supports the treads of a staircase

A support in a ceiling or roof

Answer

Correct Answer: A repetitive light beam.

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What is a joint?

Area where two or more ends, surfaces, or edges are attached.

The point at which two or more bones come together.

Area where two or more objects meet.

A device used to fasten two or more objects together.

Answer

Correct Answer: Area where two or more ends, surfaces, or edges are attached.

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What is the limit state of a beam-column bent about its major axis?

Torsional instability

Lateral instability

Flexural instability

In-plane instability

Answer

Correct Answer: In-plane instability

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What is the definition for Inertia?

Force required to change the state of motion of an object.

Tendency of objects at rest to remain at rest and objects in motion to remain in motion.

A measure of an object's resistance to changes in its motion.

Answer

Correct Answer: Tendency of objects at rest to remain at rest and objects in motion to remain in motion.

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What does Inelastic (plastic) strain imply?

Strain hardening

Reversible deformation

Permanent deformation

No permanent deformation

Answer

Correct Answer: Permanent deformation

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What is an indeterminate structure?

A structure with fewer unknown reactions than static equations

A structure with more unknown reactions than static equations

A structure with fewer known reactions than static equations

A structure with more known reactions than static equations

Answer

Correct Answer: A structure with more unknown reactions than static equations

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What is horizontal shear?

Force at the interface between two different types of steel

Force at the interface between two different types of concrete.

Force at the interface between steel and concrete surfaces in a composite beam.

Force at the interface between two different types of wood

Answer

Correct Answer: Force at the interface between steel and concrete surfaces in a composite beam.

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What is a horizontal diaphragm?

A deck supported by posts

A structure that supports a bridge

A floor or roof deck to resist lateral load.

A wall that supports a roof

Answer

Correct Answer: A floor or roof deck to resist lateral load.

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What is a gusset plate?

A device used to measure strain

A steel plate used to provide extra support in construction

Plate element connecting truss members of a strut or brace to a beam or column.

A type of truss member

Answer

Correct Answer: Plate element connecting truss members of a strut or brace to a beam or column.

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What is a groove weld?

Weld in a groove between connection elements

Weld in a hole in one of the connection elements

Spot weld

Weld on the surface of two connection elements

Answer

Correct Answer: Weld in a groove between connection elements

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What is the unit of gravity?

Attractive force

Acceleration

Force

Mass

Answer

Correct Answer: Attractive force

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What is the shape of a chain or string suspended from two points under any load called?

Suspended

Incurved

Planar

Funicular

Answer

Correct Answer: Funicular

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What is a fully restrained moment connection?

Connection capable of transferring moment with negligible rotation between connected members.

A type of connection used to join members in a truss

A method of joining members using high-strength bolts or welds

A connection used to support a beam or column in a frame

Answer

Correct Answer: Connection capable of transferring moment with negligible rotation between connected members.

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What are the two types of foundations?

Reinforced and Unreinforced

Suspended and Grounded

Shallow and Deep

Short and Tall

Answer

Correct Answer: Shallow and Deep

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Which of the following is not a result of force?

Change in location

Change in speed

Change in shape

Change in motion

Answer

Correct Answer: Change in shape

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What is Flexural-torsional buckling?

A disease affecting the nervous system of sheep and cattle

A type of welding

A problem with some bridges

Buckling mode in which a compression member bends and twists simultaneously without change in cross-sectional shape.

Answer

Correct Answer: Buckling mode in which a compression member bends and twists simultaneously without change in cross-sectional shape.

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What does Flexure mean?

Changing shape in response to an applied force

A type of fracture that occurs in long bones

A softening of the bones due to lack of calcium

Bending deformation

Answer

Correct Answer: Bending deformation

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What is a Fixed connection?

A connection that resists axial and shear forces and bending moments.

A connection that only allows shear forces.

A connection that only allows axial forces.

A connection that allows axial and shear forces and bending moments.

Answer

Correct Answer: A connection that resists axial and shear forces and bending moments.

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What is a fitted bearing stiffener used for?

To support or concentrate load

To connect two flanges of a beam

To transmit load through bearing

To allow movement between two surfaces

Answer

Correct Answer: To transmit load through bearing

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What is the definition of a fillet weld?

Weld of generally triangular cross section made between intersecting surfaces of different elements

Weld of generally triangular cross section made between intersecting surfaces of elements

Weld of generally triangular cross section made between non-intersecting surfaces of elements

Weld of generally oval cross section made between intersecting surfaces of elements

Answer

Correct Answer: Weld of generally triangular cross section made between intersecting surfaces of elements

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What is the limit state of crack initiation and growth resulting from repeated application of live loads called?

Ductility

Buckling

Fatigue

Fracture

Answer

Correct Answer: Fatigue

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What is the product of a load factor and the nominal load called?

Load factor

Factored load

Product load

Nominal load

Answer

Correct Answer: Factored load

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What is an external force?

A force created by an object

A force that cannot be measured

A force not acting on an object

A force acting on an object

Answer

Correct Answer: A force acting on an object

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What does it mean if an object is in equilibrium?

The resultant of all forces acting on it has zero magnitude.

The object is moving at a constant velocity.

The object is not moving.

The object is moving at a constant speed.

Answer

Correct Answer: The resultant of all forces acting on it has zero magnitude.

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What is the point on the Earth's surface above the hypocenter where an earthquake originates called?

Fault line

Epicenter

Foreshock

Aftershock

Answer

Correct Answer: Epicenter

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What is energy defined as?

The ability to cause change

The work to move a body a distance; energy is the product of forces times distance.

The ability to do work

A measure of the potential to do wor

Answer

Correct Answer: The work to move a body a distance; energy is the product of forces times distance.

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What is the elastic modulus?

The slope value relating material stress to strain.

The linear slope value relating material strain to stress.

The slope value relating material strain to stress.

The linear slope value relating material stress to strain.

Answer

Correct Answer: The linear slope value relating material stress to strain.

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Beyond which point is deformation of a material plastic?

Ultimate stress

Proportional limit

Elastic limit

Yield point

Answer

Correct Answer: Elastic limit

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What is the definition of "elastic/plastic"?

A material that can be molded into different shapes and will retain that shape

A material that is strong and does not break easily

A material that can return to its original shape after being stretched or pulled

Materials that have both an elastic zone and a plastic zone (i.e. steel

Answer

Correct Answer: Materials that have both an elastic zone and a plastic zone (i.e. steel

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What does it mean if a material is elastic?

It returns to its original geometry upon unloading.

It is stretchy.

It does not return to its original geometry upon unloading.

It is flexible.

Answer

Correct Answer: It returns to its original geometry upon unloading.

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What is the effective section modulus?

The moment of inertia of a cross-section

Section modulus without accounting for buckling

Section modulus reduced to account for buckling of slender compression elements

A measure of a beam's ability to resist bending

Answer

Correct Answer: Section modulus reduced to account for buckling of slender compression elements

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What is the effective net area?

Area outside of shear lag

Area including shear lag

Original net area

Net area modified to account for the effect of shear lag.

Answer

Correct Answer: Net area modified to account for the effect of shear lag.

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What is the definition of effective length?

Length of an otherwise identical column with the same strength when analyzed

With fixed end conditions.

The length of the column multiplied by the sine of the angle between the column and the base.

Length of an otherwise identical column with the same strength when analyzed with pinned end conditions.

Answer

Correct Answer: Length of an otherwise identical column with the same strength when analyzed with pinned end conditions.

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What is the effective length factor, K?

A measure of stiffness

Ratio between the effective length and the unbraced length of the member.

The load that a member can support

The amount of bracing in a structure

Answer

Correct Answer: Ratio between the effective length and the unbraced length of the member.

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What is the difference between a Static and Dynamic Load?

Loads have nothing to do with time.

Dynamic load changes with time, while static load does not.

Both loads change with time.

Static load changes with time, while dynamic load does not.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dynamic load changes with time, while static load does not.

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What is dynamic equilibrium?

Equilibrium of a moving object with respect to its environment.

Equilibrium of a moving object without change of motion.

Equilibrium of a moving object with change of motion.

Equilibrium of a moving object with respect to time

Answer

Correct Answer: Equilibrium of a moving object without change of motion.

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Ductibility is which of the following?

The science of designing and executing deceiving plans

The study of stars and planets

The capacity of a material to deform without breaking

A small, narrow tube

Answer

Correct Answer: The capacity of a material to deform without breaking

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What is the definition of drift?

Lateral deflection of structure due to lateral wind or seismic load.

Rotation of a structure due to wind or seismic load.

Vertical movement of a structure due to wind or seismic load.

Lengthwise movement of a structure due to wind or seismic load.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lateral deflection of structure due to lateral wind or seismic load.

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What is the definition of "double-concentrated forces"?

Two equal and opposite forces that form a couple on the same side of the loaded member.

A force that is twice as strong as another force.

A force that is applied to two different objects.

A force that is applied to two different points.

Answer

Correct Answer: Two equal and opposite forces that form a couple on the same side of the loaded member.

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Deformed shape of a beam with one or more inflection points within the span is known as?

Yield

Double curvature

Flexure

Deflection

Answer

Correct Answer: Double curvature

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What is a distributed load?

An internal force which acts over a length or an area.

A load which is spread out over an area.

An external force which acts over a length or an area.

A force which is evenly distributed over an area.

Answer

Correct Answer: An external force which acts over a length or an area.

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What does "displacement" refer to?

Rotation only

A translation, a rotation, or a combination of both.

May not be a combination

Translation only

Answer

Correct Answer: A translation, a rotation, or a combination of both.

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What does a diaphragm do?

Prevents out-of-plane forces from the lateral force resisting system.

Transfers in-plane forces to the lateral force resisting system.

Transfers out-of-plane forces to the lateral force resisting system.

Lateral force resisting system.

Answer

Correct Answer: Transfers in-plane forces to the lateral force resisting system.

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What is a diaphragm plate used for?

To support the diaphragm in the human body

To create a shear force

To transfer forces to the supporting elements

To measure seismic waves

Answer

Correct Answer: To transfer forces to the supporting elements

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What is the primary force that diagonal bracing carries?

Torsion force

Axial force

Shear force

Compressive force

Answer

Correct Answer: Axial force

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What is another name for a determinate structure?

Isostatic structure

Hyperstatic structure

Indeterminate structure

A structure with the number of reactions equal to the number of static equations.

Answer

Correct Answer: A structure with the number of reactions equal to the number of static equations.

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What does design stress tell us?

Design strength added to the appropriate section property

Design strength divided by the cube of the appropriate section property

Design strength divided by the appropriate section property

Design strength multiplied by the appropriate section property

Answer

Correct Answer: Design strength divided by the appropriate section property

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What is the design stress range?

Difference in stress between the lowest and highest values attained during loading

Pressure that can be safely applied to the material without causing fracture

Magnitude of change in stress due to the repeated application and removal of service live loads.

Magnitude of external force that can be applied safely to the material without causing permanent damage

Answer

Correct Answer: Magnitude of change in stress due to the repeated application and removal of service live loads.

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What is design strength?

Resistance factor

Nominal strength

Resistance factor multiplied by the nominal strength, øRn.

øRn

Answer

Correct Answer: Resistance factor multiplied by the nominal strength, øRn.

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What does the acronym ASD refer to in the context of design load?

Allowable Stress Design

Area Structural Detail

Average Static Deflection

American Society of Civil Engineers

Answer

Correct Answer: American Society of Civil Engineers

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What is a Deformation?

A shape that cannot be changed.

The process of breaking down

A change of the shape of an object or material.

The study of stars and planets

Answer

Correct Answer: A change of the shape of an object or material.

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Deflection is defined as the vertical moment under which load?

Gravity

Beam

Wind

Seismic

Answer

Correct Answer: Gravity

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What is the weight of a structure called?

Live load

Deadweight

Dead weight

Dead Load

Answer

Correct Answer: Dead Load

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What is the radius of curvature?

The inverse of the curvature, 1/R

The quantity defined by the curvature, R

The amount of curvature, 1/R

The amount of curvature, R

Answer

Correct Answer: The inverse of the curvature, 1/R

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What is creep?

A rock type.

A type of faults

Deformation under constant load

Plastic deformation that proceeds with time.

Answer

Correct Answer: Plastic deformation that proceeds with time.

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What does a cover plate do?

Covers the flange of a member

Increases the length of a member

Increases cross-sectional area, section modulus or moment of inertia

Welds or bolts the flange of a member

Answer

Correct Answer: Increases cross-sectional area, section modulus or moment of inertia

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What is the main purpose of a cover plate?

To increase the strength of the member.

To increase cross-sectional area, section modulus or moment of inertia.

To make the member more durable.

To provide extra support to the member.

Answer

Correct Answer: To increase cross-sectional area, section modulus or moment of inertia.

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What is a couple in physics?

A relationship between two unequal people

Two people who are dating

A system of two equal forces of opposite direction offset by a distance.

A pair of unequally matched objects

Answer

Correct Answer: A system of two equal forces of opposite direction offset by a distance.

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What is the purpose of a cope in construction?

To stabilize a column

To reinforce a wall

To remove a flange and conform to the shape of an intersecting member

To support a beam

Answer

Correct Answer: To remove a flange and conform to the shape of an intersecting member

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What joins members to transfer forces or moments from one to the other?

Connection

Joist

Transfer

Strut

Answer

Correct Answer: Connection

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What is the limit state of compressive failure in concrete?

The concrete has reached the ultimate strain

The concrete will shatter

The concrete will collapse

The concrete will crack

Answer

Correct Answer: The concrete has reached the ultimate strain

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What is concrete composed of?

Plastic

Wood

Cement, crushed rock or gravel, sand and water.

Metal

Answer

Correct Answer: Cement, crushed rock or gravel, sand and water.

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What is a concentrated load?

A force that is not evenly distributed

A load that acts at a single point

A load that is evenly distributed

An external concentrated force

Answer

Correct Answer: An external concentrated force

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What is the definition of compression?

The resistance of a member or material to tension.

The resistance of a member or material to shearing.

A force that tends to shorten or crush a member or material.

A force that tends to lengthen or stretch a member or material.

Answer

Correct Answer: A force that tends to shorten or crush a member or material.

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What does the term "composite materials" refer to?

Noble metals

Alloys

Materials consisting of a combination of two of more distinct materials

Metals

Answer

Correct Answer: Materials consisting of a combination of two of more distinct materials

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What is a composite?

Different from the usual

Condition in which steel and concrete elements and members work as a unit in the distribution of internal forces.

A material made up of two or more substances

Made up of parts

Answer

Correct Answer: Condition in which steel and concrete elements and members work as a unit in the distribution of internal forces.

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What is a vector?

A mathematical representation of data

A three-dimensional graph

A mathematical object consisting of a magnitude and a direction

One of several vectors combined to a resultant vector

Answer

Correct Answer: A mathematical object consisting of a magnitude and a direction

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What is the primary function of a column?

To support a beam.

To provide lateral stability.

Resisting axial force.

To resist wind loads.

Answer

Correct Answer: Resisting axial force.

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What is a collector?

An element that transfers load from a diaphragm to a resisting element

An element that connects two members and distributes the load between them

An element that is used to change the direction of a member

An element that connects two or more members end to end and supports the applied load

Answer

Correct Answer: An element that transfers load from a diaphragm to a resisting element

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What is a chord member?

The member of a truss that is in tension and carries the weight of the bridge decking.

Primary member that extends, usually horizontally, through a truss connection.

A member of a truss that carries the weight of the bridge decking and is in compression.

The member of a truss that supports the load-bearing members and is not a load-bearing member itself.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary member that extends, usually horizontally, through a truss connection.

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What is the centroid?

The lowest point of a shape or object.

The middle point of a shape or object.

The center of mass of a shape or object.

The highest point of a shape or object.

Answer

Correct Answer: The center of mass of a shape or object.

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What is the definition of center of gravity?

The location of resultant gravity forces on an object or objects.

The force that pulls objects towards the center of the earth

A measure of how tight the core of an object is

The middle point of an object

Answer

Correct Answer: The location of resultant gravity forces on an object or objects.

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What is cement?

A type of stone

The process of hardening

Cementitious (binder) materials used in concrete

A mix of water and sand

Answer

Correct Answer: Cementitious (binder) materials used in concrete

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What is the name for structural elements or systems that are supported only at one end?

Arches

Cantileverts

Pillars

Beams

Answer

Correct Answer: Cantileverts

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What is the definition of "Camber?"

A measure of the degree of curvature of a beam or truss

The process of applying curvature to a beam or truss

Curvature fabricated into a beam or truss so as to compensate for deflection induced by loads.

A device used to measure the curvature of a beam or truss

Answer

Correct Answer: Curvature fabricated into a beam or truss so as to compensate for deflection induced by loads.

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What is a built-up member?

A member fabricated from elements that are nailed, welded, glued or bolted together

A member with a complex cross-section

A member in contact with fluids

A member under compression

Answer

Correct Answer: A member fabricated from elements that are nailed, welded, glued or bolted together

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What is the nominal strength for buckling or instability limit states?

Yield strength

Tensile strength

Compressive strength

Buckling strength

Answer

Correct Answer: Buckling strength

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What is buckling?

Sudden change in the geometry of a structure under a critical loading condition

Sudden change in the geometry of a structure or any of its elements under a loading condition

Sudden change in the geometry of a structure or any of its elements under a critical loading condition

Sudden change in the structure or any of its elements under a critical loading condition

Answer

Correct Answer: Sudden change in the geometry of a structure or any of its elements under a critical loading condition

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What does a braced frame do?

It only provides stability for the structural system.

It only provides resistance to lateral forces.

It provides resistance to lateral forces and provides stability for the structural system.

It provides resistance to both lateral and vertical forces.

Answer

Correct Answer: It provides resistance to lateral forces and provides stability for the structural system.

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What is the purpose of bracing in a structure?

To protect the structure from high winds

To support the weight of the structure

To make the structure fireproof

To stiffen the structure by utilizing the inherent in-plane stiffness of a triangular framework.

Answer

Correct Answer: To stiffen the structure by utilizing the inherent in-plane stiffness of a triangular framework.

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What is Block shear rupture?

Limit state of tension fracture along one path and shear yielding or shear fracture along another path.

A type of fracture caused by either excessive tension or compression.

A type of fracture that occurs when both tension and shear stresses exceed the material's fracture strength.

A type of fracture caused by either excessive tension or shear stress.

Answer

Correct Answer: Limit state of tension fracture along one path and shear yielding or shear fracture along another path.

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What is a bending moment?

A force that rotates about a point; causes shearing in beams, etc

A force rotating about a point; causes bending in beams, etc

A force acting on a point; causes bending in beams, etc

A force acting on a point; causes shearing in beams, etc

Answer

Correct Answer: A force rotating about a point; causes bending in beams, etc

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What is bearing?

A deep foundation

A retaining wall

Limit state of local compressive yielding due to the action of a member bearing against another member or surface.

A pier

Answer

Correct Answer: Limit state of local compressive yielding due to the action of a member bearing against another member or surface.

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What is a beam-column?

A unit of force.

A device used to measure bending moment.

A device used to measure axial force.

A structural member that resists both axial force and bending moment.

Answer

Correct Answer: A structural member that resists both axial force and bending moment.

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What is the primary function of a beam?

To distribute weight

Resisting bending moments

To bear a load

To support a structure

Answer

Correct Answer: Resisting bending moments

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What does base shear refer to?

The vertical distance between the base of a structure and its centre of gravity

A type of construction in which the weight of the superstructure is supported by a number of relatively slender columns

A lateral (wind or seismic) force acting at the base of a structure.

The structural support that transmits the weight of the superstructure to the foundation

Answer

Correct Answer: A lateral (wind or seismic) force acting at the base of a structure.

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What is meant by axial force?

A force that is acting along the longitudinal axis of a structural member.

A force that is acting along the longitudinal axis of a structural member and perpendicular to it.

A force that along the longitudinal axis of a structural member and parallel to it.

A force that is acting along the length and width of a structural member

Answer

Correct Answer: A force that is acting along the longitudinal axis of a structural member.

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What does ASTM stand for?

The American Society of Testing and Materials

American Standards for Testing and Measurement

American Society for Testing and Measurement

American Standard for Testing and Materials

Answer

Correct Answer: The American Society of Testing and Materials

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What does ASD mean in relation to load combination?

Actual strength design

Average strength design

Allowable stress design

Allowable strength design

Answer

Correct Answer: Allowable strength design

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What is ASD?

Allowable Strength Design

Required Strength Design

Actual Strength Design

Average Strength Design

Answer

Correct Answer: Allowable Strength Design

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What is the applicable building code?

Building code under which the structure is designed.

The building code that the structure is designed for.

The building code under which the structure is built.

The building code that applies to the structure.

Answer

Correct Answer: Building code under which the structure is designed.

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What is the allowable stress?

The sum of the allowable strengths

Dividing the allowable strength by the appropriate section property

Allowable strength divided by the appropriate section property

Allowable strength multiplied by the appropriate section property

Answer

Correct Answer: Allowable strength divided by the appropriate section property

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What is the definition of allowable strength?

Nominal strength added to the safety factor.

Nominal strength subtracted by the safety factor.

Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.

Nominal strength multiplied by the safety factor.

Answer

Correct Answer: Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.

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