General Consumer Behavior MCQs

1. Any individual who purchases goods and services from the market for his/her end-use is called a..................

2. ---------- is nothing but willingness of consumers to purchase products and services as per their taste, need and of course pocket

3. ------------- is a branch which deals with the various stages a consumer goes through before purchasing products or services for his end use.

4. -------------- refers to how an individual perceives a particular message

5. “----------- is the action and decisions process or people who purchase goods and services for personal consumption.”

6. ________________ emphasize(s) that profitable marketing begins with the discovery and understanding of consumer needs and then develops a marketing mix to satisfy these needs.

7. ________________ is one of the most basic influences on an individual’s needs, wants, and behaviour.

8. In terms of consumer behaviour; culture, social class, and reference group influences have been related to purchase and _______________.

9. Many sub-cultural barriers are decreasing because of mass communication, mass transit, and a ___________________.

10. ___________ develop on the basis of wealth, skills and power.

11. ____________ (is) are transmitted through three basic organizations: the family, religious organizations, and educational institutions; and in today’s society, educational institutions are playing an increasingly greater role in this regard.

12. In large nations, the population is bound to lose a lot of its homogeneity, and thus _________________ arise.

13. _______________ are based on such things as geographic areas, religions, nationalities, ethnic groups, and age.

14. Marketing managers should adapt the marketing mix to ___________________ and constantly monitor value changes and differences in both domestic and global markets

15. _____________ has become increasingly important for developing a marketing strategy in recent years.

16. Two of the most important psychological factors that impact consumer decision-making process are product _____________ and product involvement.

17. Which of the following is the most valuable piece of information for determining the social class of your best friend's parents?

18. Changes in consumer values have been recognized by many business firms that have expanded their emphasis on ____________ products.

19. Many sub cultural barriers are decreasing because of mass communication, mass transit, and ________________.

20. Different social classes tend to have different attitudinal configurations and _______ that influence the behaviour of individual members.

21. __________ is the single factor that best indicates social class.

22. In terms of consumption decisions, middle class consumers prefer to _________.

23. _________________ refers to the buying behavior of final consumers.

24. ___________ is individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption.

25. Understanding consumer buying behavior is not easy. The answers are often locked deep within the consumer’s head. The central question for marketers is:

26. . The starting point in understanding how consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use is the:

27. According to the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior , the place where consumers process marketing stimuli prior to making purchase decision is called_______________

28. Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal, and __________

29. ______________ is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behaviors.

30. Marketers are always trying to spot ____________ in order to discover new products that might be wanted.

31. The cultural shift toward _____________ has resulted in more demand for casual clothing and simpler home furnishings.

32. A ________________ is a group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations.

33. The greatest barrier to effectively marketing to the Asian American market is thought to be ________

34. Relatively permanent and ordered divisions in a society whose members share similar values, interests, and behaviors are called__________

35. As a form of a reference group, the _______________ are ones to which the individual wishes to belong.

36. The __________________ is a person within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exerts influence on others.

37. Even though buying roles in the family change constantly, the ___________ has traditionally been the main purchasing agent for the family

38. A major reason for the changing traditional purchasing roles for families is that:

39. A(n) ________________ consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the persons around them.

40. The stages through which families might pass as they mature over time is a description of what is called the

41. A ______________ is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her activities, interests, and opinions.

42. ______________ is(are) a person’s unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively consistent and lasting responses to his or her own environment.

43. The basic premise of the _____________ is that people’s possessions contribute to and reflect their identities; that is, “we are what we have.”

44. A _____________ is a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seek satisfaction of the need

45. A good synonym for motive is a(n) _____________.

46. The theory of motivation that views people as responding to urges that are repressed but never fully under control was developed b ___________

47. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the lowest order of needs are called:

48. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the highest order of needs are called:

49. __________________ is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world

50. People can form different perceptions of the same stimulus because of three perceptual processes. These processes are best described as being:

51. _______________ describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising from experience.

52. A ___________ is a strong internal stimulus that calls for action.

53. . If a consumer describes a car as being the “most economical car on the market,” then this descriptor is an ___________

54. If a consumer tells friends “I like my car more than any other car on the road,” then the consumer has expressed an _____________

55. ___________ puts people into a frame of mind of liking or disliking things, of moving toward or away from them.

56. Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of the buyer decision process?

57. According to the buyer decision process suggested in the text, the first stage is characterized as being one of __________

58. The buying process can be triggered by a(n) __________ when one of the person’s normal needs—hunger, thirst, sex—rises to a level high enough to become a drive

59. he stage in the buyer decision process in which the consumer is aroused to search for more information is called____________

60. he stage in the buyer decision process in which the consumer is aroused to search for more information is called____________

61. The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. If the consumer were to obtain information from handling, examining, or using the product, then the consumer would have obtained the information by using a(n)__________

62. The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. If the consumer were to obtain information from handling, examining, or using the product, then the consumer would have obtained the information by using a(n)__________

63. How the consumer processes information to arrive at brand choices occurs during which stage of the buyer decision process?

64. Generally, the consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferred brand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and the purchase decision. These two factors are best described as being:

65. With respect to post purchase behavior, the larger the gap between expectations and performance:

66. Cognitive dissonance occurs in which stage of the buyer decision process model?

67. Cognitive dissonance occurs in which stage of the buyer decision process model?

68. A company must always guard against dissatisfying customers. On average, a satisfied customer tells 3 people about a good purchase experience. A dissatisfied customer, however, on average gripes to ________ people.

69. The _________________ is the mental process through which an individual passes from first hearing about an innovation to final adoption.

70. All of the following are part of the adoption process that consumers may go through when considering an innovation EXCEPT:

71. With respect to adopter categories, the _______________ are guided by respect, are the opinion leaders in their communities, and adopt new ideas early but carefully.

72. With respect to adopter categories, the ___________________ are skeptical and they adopt an innovation only after a majority of people have tried it.

73. Several characteristics are especially important in influencing an innovation’s rate of adoption. _________ is the degree to which the innovation may be tried on a limited basis

74. If a company makes products and services for the purpose of reselling or renting them to others at a profit or for use in the production of other products and services, then the company is selling to the__________

75. All of the following are among the primary differences between a business market and a consumer market except ____________

76. The business marketer normally deals with _____________ than the consumer marketer does.

77. When demand comes (as it does in the business market) from the demand for consumer goods, this form of demand is called___________

78. General Motors buys steel because consumers buy cars. If consumer demand for cars drops, so will General Motors’ demand for steel. This is an example of the relationships found in___________

79. That business markets have more buyers involved in the purchase decision is evidence of which of the following characteristic differences between business and consumer markets?

80. The place in the business buying behavior model where interpersonal and individual Influences might interact is called the__________

81. In a _______________, the buyer reorders something without any modifications.

82. In a _______________, the buyer wants to change something about product specifications, prices, terms, or suppliers

83. hen a firm buys a product or service for the first time, it is facing a _____________

84. The “in” suppliers are most likely to get nervous and feel pressure to put their best foot forward in which of the following types of buying situations?

85. The decision-making unit of a buying organization is called its _____________ all the individuals and units that participate in the business decision-making process.

86. Considering the major influences on business buyer behavior, as shown in a model in the text, under which influence stage would you expect to find the influences of authority, status, empathy, and persuasiveness?

87. The stage of the business buying process where the buyer describes the characteristics and quantity of the needed item is called ___________

88. If a buying team is asked by the purchasing department to rank the importance of reliability, durability, price, and other attributes of an item, then the team is going through a business buying process stage called____________

89. ________________ is the stage of business buying where an organization decides on and specifies the best technical product characteristics for a needed item.

90. ________________ is an approach to cost reduction in which components are studied carefully to determine if they can be redesigned, standardized, or made by less costly methods of production.

91. Factors such as supplier reputation for repair and servicing capabilities are important criteria for evaluation at which stage in the business buying process?

92. Blanket contracts are typically part of which of the following stages in the business buying process?

93. The _______________ may lead the buyer to continue, modify, or drop the arrangement that has been entered into by the buyer and seller.

94. For the marketing manager, social class offers some insights into consumer behavior and is potentially useful as a ___________________.

95. ____________ is the definition of reference groups.

96. __________ are factors that have been shown to affect consumer behavior.

97. . The reason that higher prices may not affect consumer buying is _______________.

98. __________ are the groups that individuals look to when forming attitudes and opinions

99. For which of the following products would the reference group influence be the strongest?

100. Primary reference groups include ________________.

101. Secondary reference groups include ________________.

102. Marketing strategies are often designed to influence _______________ and lead to profitable exchanges

103. __________ refers to the information a consumer has stored in their memory about a product or service

104. A goal of physical distribution is to reduce ____ or how long it takes to complete a process.

105. The nike "swoosh" is an example of a ________.

106. Running commercials for sleep medication during the middle of the night is an example of _____.

107. Unfilled needs lead to ________, which spurs learning.

108. Unlike b2c sites, some b2b sites ________.

109. Conjoint studies are run to understand how consumers make __________.

110. A(n) _____ is the way an individual wants to feel or be at the present time.

111. According to nielsen, product placements on tv work best ________.

112. Culture is best described as a society's ________.

113. Dimensions we use to judge the merits of competing options are called ________.

114. Doubt or anxiety regarding a purchase a consumer has made is known as _____.

115. Motivational research relies on ________ of individual consumers.

116. Self-concepts have been categorized into two types, which are _____.

117. The interpersonal influences on consumer behavior include a person?s _____.

118. Within groups, informal rules of behavior are called ________.

119. When a consumer realizes high value from an exchange with a company, _____ improves.

120. Single households represent _____ percent of american households.

121. A _____is the mental path by which some thought becomes active.

122. Shoppers who care about mall essentials and brand-name merchandise are known as ________ shoppers.

123. ________ refer(s) to the processes that lead people to behave as they do.

124. When coca-cola embeds sexual images in their advertising, they are using ________.

125. ________ is the way people maintain an orderly social life.

126. The average adult in the us watches _____ hours of television each week.

127. The tangible or physical parts of a product are known as _____.

128. A reason why consumers conform is ________.

129. The __________ provided by retailers create value for consumers.

130. An advertiser that surrounds its ads with positive programming _____.

131. For employee stock ownership plans to be effective in improving performance, they must ________.

132. Researchers primarily see the gift-giving ritual as a type of ________ exchange.

133. In general, advertising is more effective when it ________ than when it ________.

134. _____ is a personality trait that represents how sensitive a consumer is to immediate rewards.

135. Disgust in consumers is most likely to evoke a(n) _____ response.

136. _____ are cognitive reactions related to fairness or justice.

137. A metagoal refers to _____.

138. A person who receives rewards and status because of his hard work is said to have ________ status.

139. Goals can be considered positive or negative. this is an expression of a goal's ________.

140. The first step in the basic consumption process is _____.

141. When negative wom spreads on a relatively large scale, it can result in _____.

142. Most religion-oriented marketing activity in america can be traced to the ________ community.

143. The overall goodness or badness of a service provided is referred to as _____.

144. Visually apparent and easily recognizable attributes of a product are known as _____.

145. Consumers buying products online have dramatically affected the ____ variable of the marketing mix.

146. _____ can be thought of as negative results of consumption.

147. _____ is the total accumulation of prior learning experiences.

148. _____ provides a consumer with the deepest comprehension and greatest chance of accurate recall.

149. _____ refers to using numbers to represent quantities the same way across cultures.

150. ________ derives from the knowledge that a consumer possesses about a content area.

151. A culture high in _____ is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or unknown.

152. According to product categorization, vehicles can be placed under the _____.

153. The two major types of rules that consumers use when selecting products are _____.

154. To understand a consumer's behavior, we must know about the _____.

155. Expectations are the cognitive component of _____.

156. A tattoo removal is a painful and painstaking process that typically requires ____ treatments.

157. Based on the red flags rule, entities are considered creditors if they __________.

158. At any given time, molly's spending will be ________ by her ________.

159. ________ is the first element in the traditional communications model.

160. The day reconstruction method requires a respondent to ________.

161. The desired features or characteristics required to meet a consumer's needs are his or her _____.

162. In customer service, relationships with customers are built on ____ the characteristics of others

163. Privacy protection in the united states is ________ in europe.