Soil and water conservation engineering MCQ
The high productivity of american agriculture is exemplified by _______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
High crop yields per farm worker
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What is the time required to cover an area with one application of water?
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Correct Answer:
Irrigation period
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What does the rate of transpiration depend on?
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Correct Answer:
Degree of maturity
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What are two of the other factors that can affect transpiration rates?
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Correct Answer:
Humidity and temperature
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What is a condition that could cause sprinkler irrigation water losses?
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Correct Answer:
Deep percolation
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What do drainage pumping plants normally handle?
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Correct Answer:
Large capacities at low lifts
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What is the relation between the power required to pump water and the static head?
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Correct Answer:
Proportional
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What are reciprocating pumps sometimes called?
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Correct Answer:
Piston or displacement pumps
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What type of pump can develop high heads but has a small capacity?
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Correct Answer:
Reciprocating pumps
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What is the process that includes digging to an established grade, laying the tile, and backfilling?
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Correct Answer:
Installation
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What is the oldest method of removing excess water from the land?
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Correct Answer:
Surface drainage
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What is applied to the land that is effective in reducing flood runoff?
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Correct Answer:
Watershed treatment
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What may be defined as an overflow or inundation from a river or other body of water?
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What is the total area covered by the small area flood?
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Correct Answer:
1000 square miles
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Conservation and protection of land also depend upon the control of what?
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Correct Answer:
Excess waters
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Gully control is maintaining what along drainage lines?
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Correct Answer:
Remnant vegetation
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What is a method of erosion control accomplished by constructing broad channels across the slope of rolling land?
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Correct Answer:
Terracing
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What damages crops, fences, buildings, and highways?
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Correct Answer:
Wind Erosion
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The removal of soil from stream banks or movement of soil in the channel is called what?
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Correct Answer:
Channel erosion
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Gully erosion channels are larger than what?
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What type of erosion is the removal of soil by water from small but well-defined channels?
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Correct Answer:
Rill erosion
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What is the term for the removal of soil in thin layers from sloping land?
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Correct Answer:
Sheet erosion
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What is the process of soil splash resulting from the impact of water drops directly on soil particles?
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Correct Answer:
Raindrop erosion
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What is subdivided into raindrop, sheet, rill, gully, and stream channel erosion?
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Correct Answer:
Water erosion
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What is the removal of soil from the land's surface by running water?
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Correct Answer:
Water erosion
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What is the deterioration and loss of soil as a result of man's activities known as?
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Correct Answer:
Accelerated erosion
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What type of erosion is soil-forming?
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Correct Answer:
Geological
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What is another term for geological erosion?
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Correct Answer:
Natural or normal erosion
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What are the two major types of erosion?
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Correct Answer:
Geological erosion and accelerated erosion
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What is a tensiometer used for?
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Correct Answer:
Determination of soil moisture content
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What is gravitational moisture?
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Correct Answer:
Water that moves freely in response to gravity
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What is the main function of capillary moisture?
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Correct Answer:
Water is held by forces of surface tension as continuous films around particles and in the capillary spaces
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What is the name of the moisture that is held tightly to the soil particles?
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Correct Answer:
Hygroscopic moisture
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How many categories are included in soil moisture classification?
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What is the difference in moisture content between the upper and lower plastic limits?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The plasticity index
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What is the minimum moisture content at which the soil-water mixture changes from a solid to a semisolid?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lower plastic limit
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What percentage of soil is made up of Air?
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What percentage of soil is made up of water?
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What percentage of soil is made up of organic matter?
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What percentage of soil is made up of minerals?
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The essential components of soil are?
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Correct Answer:
Minerals, organic matter, water, and air
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What is the term used to describe the science dealing with the mechanical behavior of the soil mass?
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Correct Answer:
Soil physics
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When will runoff occur?
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Correct Answer:
Only when the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate at which water may infiltrate into the soil
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What fraction of precipitation flows towards lakes, oceans, and streams?
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What can be done to soil to change its infiltration capacity?
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Correct Answer:
Adding chemical materials to it
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What happens if infiltration is increased?
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Correct Answer:
Less water passes over the soil surface
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What is the process by which water as water vapor is transferred to the atmosphere by plants?
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Correct Answer:
Transpiration
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What is the process by which moisture is returned to the air?
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Correct Answer:
Evaporation
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What is the term for the passage of water into the soil surface?
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Correct Answer:
Infiltration
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How much soil is washed out of the U.S. each year?
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Correct Answer:
3 billion tons
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What is included in the land clearing?
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Correct Answer:
Removal of trees, stumps, brush, or stones
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What type of control prevents overflow on low land?
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Correct Answer:
Flood control
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What is the application of water to land for optimum crop growth?
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Correct Answer:
Irrigation
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The removal of excess water from wetlands is known as what?
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In what kind of condition would soil erosion occur?
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What is the fifth phase of soil and water conservation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Land clearing
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What are the phases involved in soil and water conservation?
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Correct Answer:
Erosion control, drainage, irrigation, flood control, and land clearing
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What type of engineering is soil and water conservation?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Solution of soil and water management problems
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