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Agricultural Engineering MCQ

What type of membranes protect the cells in toucans and hornbills?

Fat

Membrane

Thin

Albumen

Answer

Correct Answer: Thin

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What are the two types of bird beaks?

Sharp, and blunt

Narrow, and wide

Short/thick, and long/thin

Sharp/curved, and blunt/flat

Answer

Correct Answer: Short/thick, and long/thin

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What are the components of a typical rigid biological system?

A molecule and an organic component

An organic component and an inorganic component

A mineral and an organic component

Answer

Correct Answer: A mineral and an organic component

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What is the building block of chitin?

Proteins

Amino acids

Hybrid polypeptide–polysaccharide chains

Carbohydrates

Answer

Correct Answer: Hybrid polypeptide–polysaccharide chains

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What is the building block of cellulose and hemicellulose?

Proteins

Amino acids

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates

Answer

Correct Answer: Polysaccharides

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What are chains called that are the building blocks for collagen, elastin, silks, and keratins?

Protein chains

Polypeptide chains

Proteins

DNA chains

Amino Acids

Answer

Correct Answer: Polypeptide chains

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What is AFM used for today?

Imaging structural stability and fatigue

Measuring the speed of sound

Generating images of micro-structures

Imaging surface morphology and sensing force

Detecting gas leaks

Answer

Correct Answer: Imaging surface morphology and sensing force

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What is the main component of a cell's membrane?

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Phospholipid

Answer

Correct Answer: Phospholipid

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What is the liquid phase of the cell?

Membrane

Nucleus

Mitosol

Cell Wall

Cytosol

Answer

Correct Answer: Cytosol

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What is the size of a biological cell?

1–100 lm

10−6 m

1–10 μm

100–1,000 μm

1 μm–1 mm

Answer

Correct Answer: 1–100 lm

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What is the only anchor line that attaches mussels to reefs, rocks, and other fixtures?

Byssal threads and mucus

Anal plate

Byssal threads, mucus, and adhesive discs

Foot

Byssal threads

Answer

Correct Answer: Byssal threads

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What is the name of the material that contains residual stress?

Tissue

Muscle

Veins

Arteries

Tendon

Answer

Correct Answer: Arteries

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How many types of the vascular system?

Two

Three

Four

Five

Answer

Correct Answer: Two

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What type of system provides the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and other chemical signals?

Respiratory

Nervous system

Vascular

Cardiovascular

Answer

Correct Answer: Vascular

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What type of stratum corneum absorbs the most energy?

Delipidized

Hydrophobic

Smooth

Ceramic

Answer

Correct Answer: Delipidized

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What is the maximum delamination energy of untreated stratum corneum?

30 J/m2

16 J/m2

20 J/m2

32 J/m2

8 J/m2

Answer

Correct Answer: 8 J/m2

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What is the layer of the skin that protects the body?

Dermis

Subcutaneous

Subcutaneous tissue

Epidermis

Answer

Correct Answer: Epidermis

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What are the examples of hard materials in arthropods?

The nervous system

The proteins

The exoskeleton

The chitin

The digestive system

Answer

Correct Answer: The exoskeleton

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What makes up vertebrates' skeletons, teeth, and nails?

Hard materials

Soft materials

Cartilage

Answer

Correct Answer: Hard materials

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What is the main difference between biological materials and synthetic materials?

Biological materials can be manipulated more easily

Biological materials are more naturally occurring

Biological materials are more sustainable

Biological materials are more complex

Biological materials can be customized to specific needs

Answer

Correct Answer: Biological materials are more complex

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What are the functions of mammalian skin?

Storage of Vitamin D

Temperature regulation

Environmental protection

Absorption of toxins

Temperature regulation plus environmental protection

Answer

Correct Answer: Temperature regulation plus environmental protection

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What is the function of the chitin exoskeleton in arthropods?

Protection from environmental elements

Protection from desiccation

Storage of food

Storage of glycogen

Attachment for muscles

Answer

Correct Answer: Attachment for muscles

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Most bones are made from what?

Bone

Connective tissue

Osteons

Cartilage

Answer

Correct Answer: Osteons

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What is the main purpose of bone?

Transportation of nutrients and fluids

Structural support for the body plus blood cell formation

Storage of minerals

Protection of internal organs

Answer

Correct Answer: Structural support for the body plus blood cell formation

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What are the cellular materials which are prevalent in feathers, beak interior, cancellous bone, and wood?

Lightweight materials

Heavy materials

Strong materials

Materials that can be damaged

Answer

Correct Answer: Lightweight materials

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What are the characteristically biological materials that can undergo large stretches?

Metals

Elastomers

Polymers

Plastics

Answer

Correct Answer: Elastomers

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What are ligaments and tendons?

Cartilage and cartilage composites: examples are the ears of animals

Cartilage and bone: these are two examples

Muscles and tendons: these two are associated with movement

Polymer and polymer composites: examples of these are the hooves of mammals

Muscle and muscle composites: examples are a human bicep

Answer

Correct Answer: Polymer and polymer composites: examples of these are the hooves of mammals

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What is an example of a polymer composite?

Feathers of birds

Hooves of mammals

The shell of a clam

Blood vessels in the human body

Answer

Correct Answer: Hooves of mammals

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What is a biological material where the mineral component is prevalent?

Bone

Ceramics and ceramic composites

Metal alloys

Glass

Answer

Correct Answer: Ceramics and ceramic composites

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What density range do synthetic materials frequently fall into?

30–50

1–3

10–30

4–10

0.1–0.3

Answer

Correct Answer: 4–10

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Mechanical property maps are known as what?

Ashby maps

Transfer function maps

Koehler maps

Redundancy maps

Complexity maps

Answer

Correct Answer: Ashby maps

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What are artificial materials that are designed to help enhance the interaction between biological structures and synthetic materials?

Biomaterials

Implantable devices

Medical devices

Synthetic materials

Answer

Correct Answer: Biomaterials

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What is the name of the new field that deals with biological materials?

Materials science

Biomimetics

Microbiology

Forensic science

Answer

Correct Answer: Biomimetics

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What does the term "bioinspired materials" mean?

Material made from natural substances

Inorganic materials that mimic biological materials

Material that mimics the properties of nature

Biologically inspired

Answer

Correct Answer: Biologically inspired

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What is another term for bio-mimicked materials?

Bioinspired

Biomedical

Biomimetic

Biocompatible

Answer

Correct Answer: Bioinspired

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What are the materials and systems encountered in nature?

Nuclear materials

Biological materials

Mineral materials

Answer

Correct Answer: Biological materials

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What are the most important mineral phases?

Hydroxyapatite, silica, and aragonite

Hydroxyapatite, phosphate, and quartz

Hydroxylapatite, silica, and calcite

Silica, carbonate, and phosphate

Answer

Correct Answer: Hydroxyapatite, silica, and aragonite

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The cellular core of the structure contains what?

A solid shell

A liquid shell

A gas shell

Answer

Correct Answer: A solid shell

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What is an essential class of biological materials?

Plasma

DNA

Cellular

Tissue

Answer

Correct Answer: Cellular

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How many amino acids make up polypeptides?

Answer

Correct Answer: 20

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Multi-functionality is found more within what type of system?

Electronic

Mechanical

Biological

Answer

Correct Answer: Biological

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At what temperature are biological materials produced?

Ambient

37 degrees Celsius

Sterile

100 degrees Celsius

Frozen

Answer

Correct Answer: Ambient

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Most biological materials are produced in what type of environment?

Aquatic

Biological

Terrestrial

Aqueous

Inorganic

Answer

Correct Answer: Aqueous

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What is a good example of a complex composite material?

Glass

Polymers

Natural (or biological) materials

Metals

Ceramic

Answer

Correct Answer: Natural (or biological) materials

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