Ecology MCQ
Terrestrial biomes include all of the following regions except the _________ region.
Estuary
Intertidal
Littoral
Limnetic
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Besides urination, the other methods for fluid loss from the body are __________.
Perspiration and respiration
Transpiration and respiration
Perspiration and dilation
Dilation and exhalation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Perspiration and respiration
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The __________________ is an international treaty designed to eliminate cfcs.
Montreal Protocol
Ozone Depletion
Kyoto Protocol
Nitrogen Oxides.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Montreal Protocol
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According to the precautionary principle we should ________.
Halt the manufacture and use of synthetic chemicals
Levy large fines against companies that manufacture toxic substances
Do extensive government scientific testing before restricting a chemical for use
Allow industry to do their own research to determine if a chemical is safe
Restrict any chemical that is suspected of toxicity until it is proven safe
Answer
Correct Answer:
Restrict any chemical that is suspected of toxicity until it is proven safe
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Harvesting fuelwood at unsustainably high rates often leads to ________.
Soil erosion and desertification
Increases in soil fertility
More land being available for corn fields
Removal of pest insect species
Higher levels of plant biodiversity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Soil erosion and desertification
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For most domestic animals, trophic-level efficiency is usually ________.
Less than 10%
Greater than 10%
Approximately 20%
Approximately 30%
Dependent on what the animals were fed
Answer
Correct Answer:
Greater than 10%
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A city planner needs to consider ________ as a first priority.
The amount of money investors have available for new business
Optimal land use strategies for different areas of the city
Local laws pertaining to property rights
Railroads, subway systems, and how much they charge riders
The best use of sales tax money within the city proper
Answer
Correct Answer:
Optimal land use strategies for different areas of the city
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American cities in the northern united states, such as chicago, illinois, ________.
Have steadily lost population over the past 40 years
Had their greatest populations in the 19th and early 20th centuries
Have always grown rapidly and continue to do so
Have maintained a steady state population since the 1970s
Have increased their rate of growth dramatically in the past 20 years
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have steadily lost population over the past 40 years
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The consequences of over-fertilizing include ________.
Eutrophication and dead zones in nearby aquatic ecosystems
Is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new genetic varieties
Stop cultivating highly erodible land
Grown at a faster rate than
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eutrophication and dead zones in nearby aquatic ecosystems
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In order for a human population to be sustainable, its actual numbers must be ________.
Below its ecological footprint
Above its ecological footprint
Below the carrying capacity
Above the carrying capacity
Above its biocapacity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Below the carrying capacity
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The causes of the current (sixth) mass extinction include all of these, but not ________.
Habitat alteration and destruction
Invasive exotic species
Pollution from pesticides, eutrophication and other causes
Earthquakes, tsunamis and forest fires
Global climate change
Answer
Correct Answer:
Earthquakes, tsunamis and forest fires
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Organic farming ________.
Natural
Synthetic
Suicide
Homicide
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Jenkins and buikema tested the clements-gleason dichotomy by _____.
Studying logged forest clear-cuts and looking at the order and types of plant successions to come in
Introducing predatory crabs to aquaria and looking at resulting adaptations of prey species
Artificially creating sterile ponds and looking at how community structures developed
Creating artificial, harmless mimics of toxic species and comparing survival rates of the two
Answer
Correct Answer:
Artificially creating sterile ponds and looking at how community structures developed
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Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because ________.
Salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates
Salinization of soils
Eutrophication in nearby waters
Organic fertilizers increase humus in soils.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates
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Increases in maize and soy production have led to _________.
Cheap ethanol fuel.
The removal of government farm subsidy programs.
An increased consumption of meat.
An increase in healthy grain products at a reduced cost.
Answer
Correct Answer:
An increased consumption of meat.
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In the year 2005 there were approximately ____ more sea otters in total than in 1985.
1400
1420
1500
1200
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The distribution of terrestrial biomes on earth depends mostly on ________.
Neither temperature nor rainfall; it depends on latitude and longitude
Both temperature and rainfall
Temperature
Energy, temperature, and nutrients
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both temperature and rainfall
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In all ecosystems energy is eventually lost to the environment via ________.
Matter photosynthesis
Radiation and reflection of light
Trophic levels
Heat resulting from respiration
Answer
Correct Answer:
Heat resulting from respiration
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The availability of moisture to plants is largely determined by ________.
Precipitation
Chlorofluorocarbons
Evaporation
Precipitation versus evaporation
Light
Answer
Correct Answer:
Precipitation versus evaporation
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In marine ecosystems, most photosynthesis takes place near the surface because __________.
Volcanic gases can seep through the ocean floor through cracks called
Light cannot penetrate deeply into the ocean, even when the water is clear
Inorganic nutrients that plants need to grow are found mostly near the surface
The temperature is too cold in deep oceans for plants to grow
Answer
Correct Answer:
Light cannot penetrate deeply into the ocean, even when the water is clear
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In terms of ecological succession, an undisturbed community tends to become ______ over time.
Less complex
Less diverse
Less stable
More stable
Answer
Correct Answer:
More stable
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A habitat with ____________________ disturbance is expected to have the greatest species richness.
A great deal of
An intermediate amount of
Predictable
Very little
Sporadic
Answer
Correct Answer:
An intermediate amount of
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_____ are members of the domain eukarya
Viruses
Fungi
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
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If four lizards are found in a 200 cm2 plot, the density of the lizards in that plot is ________:
0.02
50
800
25
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Harvesting timber (wood) from a forest does not harm _______.
Soil
Wildlife habitat
Animals
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
None of the above
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As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, genetic engineering can be used to ________ .
Poverty
Reduce pest damage
Greenhouse gas emissions
Control food prices
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reduce pest damage
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Acute exposure to an environmental toxin ________.
Involves low levels of exposure over long periods of time
Makes it difficult to associate the symptoms with a cause
Are high exposures over short times and associated with a specific cause
Is usually untreatable and fatal
Is the case with chronic alcohol and nicotine abuse
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are high exposures over short times and associated with a specific cause
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The wastewater from showers, sinks, tubs, and washing machines is the ______.
Reclaimed water
Gray water
Xeriscaped water
Virtual water
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gray water
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Wood consumption by humans in developing countries is primarily used for ________.
Building
Fuel
Solid wood products
Making paper
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The main difference between desert and tundra biomes is _____.
Desert
Grassland
Taiga
Tundra
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The large size of the musk ox _______.
Helps minimize heat loss
Is offset by its long legs
Helps the animal graze less often
Helps maximize heat loss
Answer
Correct Answer:
Helps minimize heat loss
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Seed banks (institutions that store and preserve seeds) are important for ________.
Plant-based foods
Desertification
Inserted genes can spread to non-target species.
Protecting genetic diversity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Protecting genetic diversity
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Researchers have demonstrated that organic farming ________.
Decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming
The United States leads the world in land area dedicated to GM crops
Is the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new genetic varieties
Effectively cleared non-native prickly pear cactus from rangeland
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming
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One of the most toxic components of a computer is the _____.
Copper in the wires of the cords
Plastic in the keyboard
Lead embedded in the glass of the monitor
Silicon in the glass of the computer
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lead embedded in the glass of the monitor
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No-till farming would be most beneficial for farmers ________.
Who typically experience minimal soil erosion
Using contour strip cropping
Whose cropland is in the Conservation Reserve Program
Who plant a cash crop every third year
With steeply sloped fields
Answer
Correct Answer:
With steeply sloped fields
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Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between _____.
Choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live
Increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode and a corresponding decrease in parental care
The emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide
Producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes
When employing external fertilization
High survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care
Answer
Correct Answer:
High survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care
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A type i survivorship curve, with higher death rates at older ages, is typical of ________.
Large mammals such as gorillas.
Logistic growth curve
Biotic potential
Disappear from the face of the earth
Answer
Correct Answer:
Large mammals such as gorillas.
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Grazing animals such as deer are ________.
Producers
Decomposers
Primary consumers or herbivores
Secondary consumers
Detritivores
Answer
Correct Answer:
Primary consumers or herbivores
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Grasslands have evolved to tolerate ____ and _____, both of which can limit tree growth.
Fire; snow
Grazing; fire
Tornadoes; permafrost
Grazing; snow
Warm winters; cold summers
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grazing; fire
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Global climate change may produce major shifts in biomes for any given location because ________.
Biodiversity and day length will change
Mean temperature, precipitation and salinity will change
Many species may become extinct
Food web dynamics will change
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mean temperature, precipitation and salinity will change
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Flounder look like the sea floor. this is an example of _____.
Predation
Warning coloration
Character displacement
Camouflage
Mimicry
Answer
Correct Answer:
Camouflage
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Fig species depend on ________ to transfer pollen from male to female flowers.
Bees
Ants
Mosquitoes
Butterflies
Wasps
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Females are more likely to be choosy because___________.
They have a greater investment in the offspring
They have a smaller investment in the offspring
Sexual dimorphism is not related to natural selection
The size of the area in which they live
Answer
Correct Answer:
They have a greater investment in the offspring
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Complete removal of the forest canopy is ________.
Even-aged management
Uneven aged management
Selective harvesting
Clear-cutting
Rationing
Answer
Correct Answer:
Clear-cutting
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Choose all that apply: transition to agriculture was significant because ________________________.
It led to technological innovations
It led to increase in knowledge
It led to the human population growth
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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A study of the human ecological footprint shows that ______.
A human population size will soon crash
We have already overshot the planet's capacity to sustain us
Earth can sustain the current population, but not much more
Earth can sustain a population about double the current population
Answer
Correct Answer:
We have already overshot the planet's capacity to sustain us
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A species that has a disproportionately large effect on a community is called a _____ species.
Linchpin
Central
Engineer
Keystone
Producer
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Experiments with isotopes used as tracers showed that some fungi _____.
Help plants get nutrients in exchange for sugar
Take sugar from plants
Take nutrients from plants
Help plants by providing them with sugar
Answer
Correct Answer:
Help plants by providing them with sugar
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Conforming reduces ____________, but makes animal function _______________.
An organism; converts chemical bond energy to heat
Energy needs; more sensitive to external conditions
Epithelial tissue; a cell membrane
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Energy needs; more sensitive to external conditions
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Connections between habitat fragments are referred to as _____.
Movement corridors
Highways
Zoned reserves
Riparian areas
Landscapes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Movement corridors
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Examples of valuable nonmetallic minerals extracted by mining are ________.
Nitrogen, hydrogen, neon
Gold, platinum, copper
Lead, cadmium, mercury
Sand, gravel, phosphate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sand, gravel, phosphate
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The acacia tree provides a habitat and protection for ants. this is considered its _____.
Community
Ecological niche
Biome
Ecological succession
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ecological niche
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________% of the food we consume comes from ________ crop species.
90; 100
10; 100
50; 50
90; 15
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Contrary to popular belief, the endangered species act allows ________.
An updated list of species facing unusually high risk of extinction
Landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they protect it in another
Increased genetic diversity within the species
Increases biodiversity by providing income to areas that might otherwise be destroyed
Is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods
Answer
Correct Answer:
Landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they protect it in another
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The most nutrient-poor soils are found in _____ biomes.
Tropical rain forest
Temp. broadleaf forest
Desert
Savanna
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tropical rain forest
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The low latitude dry regions coincide with ________.
Be cloud free
Near the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
The taiga climate
The subtropical high pressure belts
Answer
Correct Answer:
The subtropical high pressure belts
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In general, successfully introduced non-native species experience ________.
Earthquakes, tsunamis and forest fires
Competitive success against native species
Extirpation
A keystone species
Answer
Correct Answer:
Competitive success against native species
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A sink habitat is where a subpopulation's death rate is _____.
Genetic diversity
Habitat destruction
Migration and extinction
Species richness
Greater than its reproductive rate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Greater than its reproductive rate
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__________ comprises half of the word's genetically modified crops.
Crops.
coffee
-canola
corn
soybeans
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People can suffer malnourishment if they consume large amounts of ______ instead of _______.
Fat and sugar, vitamins and protein
Proteins, carbohydrates
Vitamins, protein
Proteins and minerals, vitamins
Fiber, processed foods
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fat and sugar, vitamins and protein
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Diverting rainwater from a storm sewer to an alternate use is referred to as ___________.
Rainwater scattered
Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater dispersed.
Rainwater separated.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rainwater harvesting
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Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) arises out of conflict between _______ and _______.
X chromosomes; Y chromosomes
Mitochondria; the Golgi
The Golgi; the endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria; nuclear genes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mitochondria; nuclear genes
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Over time, pesticides become less effective. this is because _______.
Industrial monoculture agriculture
Wheat, rice, corn, and soy
Increasing population and increasing affluence.
Pests can evolve defenses against pesticides
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pests can evolve defenses against pesticides
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An individual's str may vary from the same str of another individual by the _____.
The number of times the sequence is repeated
Phosphate and sugar
Number of times a particular sequence is repeated.
The number of STRs in their genomes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Number of times a particular sequence is repeated.
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10,000 kcal of producer could support approximately _____ kcal of tertiary consumer.
1,000
100
10
1
0
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The region that is characterized by a vast realm of open, blue water is called the _________ zone.
Oligotrophic
Landscape ecology
Marine benthic
Oceanic pelagic
Answer
Correct Answer:
Oceanic pelagic
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A cow's herbivorous diet indicates that it is a(n) __________.
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Decomposer
Autotroph
Producer
Answer
Correct Answer:
Primary consumer
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After replication, ______.
Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand.
Nucleotides
Made up of two polynucleotide strands
From DNA to RNA to protein
Answer
Correct Answer:
Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand.
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A mutation that causes production of a defective pilus in a bacterium will prevent __________.
Conjugation
DNA Ligase
Leading strand
DNA helicase
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conjugation
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The flow of information in a cell proceeds __________
ATP, RNA, and DNA
Introns ... exons
Three ... amino acid
From DNA to RNA to protein
Answer
Correct Answer:
From DNA to RNA to protein
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Tropical rainforests are not located in _______.
Avocados
Mustard seeds
Cocoa
England.
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The three levels of biodiversity in the correct order are _________ diversity.
It contains alkaloids that inhibit cancer cell growth
Genetic, species, and community/ecosystem
Constructed nesting cavities at new sites
Increased vegetative productivity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Genetic, species, and community/ecosystem
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The primary goal of conservation biology is to ________.
Counter the loss of biodiversity.
There are greater extremes in weather patterns.
National parks and national forests
They are overexploited as a human food source
Answer
Correct Answer:
Counter the loss of biodiversity.
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Paleontologists and ecologists agree that ________.
Extinction is tied exclusively to human activities
99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct
Biodiversity is evenly spread over the earth's biomes
More than 99% of all species alive today have been discovered and described
Speciation is a major cause of biodiversity loss
Answer
Correct Answer:
99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct
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Net ecosystem production values (nep) will always be positive as a result of ________.
Has precipitation and a warm climate throughout the year
All the plants, animals and organisms interacting in a specific area
With nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria associated with their roots
High GPP and increases in biomass during succession
Answer
Correct Answer:
High GPP and increases in biomass during succession
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Mycorrhizae are __________.
Root cells.
leave cells
Mutualistic associations between fungi and roots.
branch cell
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mutualistic associations between fungi and roots.
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Mineral nutrients _____.
Contribute little to a plant's overall mass.
Absorbing water and minerals through the fungal hyphae.
Plants synthesize their own organic molecules.
Most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Contribute little to a plant's overall mass.
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For an element to be considered a macronutrient _____.
It must be required in relatively large amounts.
Plants that grow on other plants.
Contribute little to a plant's overall mass
Decomposing organic material
Answer
Correct Answer:
It must be required in relatively large amounts.
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A major long-term problem resulting from excessive irrigation is the _____.
It must be required in relatively large amounts
The mineral is very mobile within the plant.
Accumulation of salts in the soil
Overfertilization
Answer
Correct Answer:
Accumulation of salts in the soil
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A parachute works because the canvas of the parachute is acted upon by __________.
Inertia.
Gravity.
Velocity.
Momentum.
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The main difference between stream pools and ponds is that stream pools _______.
Have an observable current
Are located inland
Have no access to rivers or streams
Are usually larger than ponds
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have an observable current
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Wildfires are _______.
Human source of air pollution
A natural source of air pollution
Both a natural and human source of air pollution
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both a natural and human source of air pollution
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The destruction of the ozone layer is most directly linked to __________.
The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere
These bats are important pollinators and seed dispersers in the Pacific Islands and their loss would harm plant diversity
A decrease in fertility due to lack of genetic diversity in the population
It contains alkaloids that inhibit cancer cell growth
Answer
Correct Answer:
The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere
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Energy that is not passed on from one trophic level to the next is _______.
Lost as heat
Returned to the sun
Destroyed
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lost as heat
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The intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population is called ________.
Biological Control.
Decomposer ·
Decomposition ·
Detritivore.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Biological Control.
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Introduced species can have important effects on biological communities by ______.
With small, limited geographic ranges
The size of the area in which they live
Competing with native species for resources, reducing biodiversity, preying upon native species, displacing native species
Our technology has allowed us to keep increasing carrying capacity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Competing with native species for resources, reducing biodiversity, preying upon native species, displacing native species
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An abiotic effect that restricts tree growth at high elevations is __________.
Ultraviolet radiation
Climograph; biomes
Oligotrophic
Deep ocean currents
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ultraviolet radiation
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Standard metabolic rate (smr) and basal metabolic rate (bmr) are _____.
Used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest.
Used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states.
Both measured in animals in a resting and fasting state.
Both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species.
Both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both measured in animals in a resting and fasting state.
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The global hydrologic cycle supports a net flow of atmospheric water vapor __________.
From the oceans to land
Production efficiency
Tropic effiency
Soil
Answer
Correct Answer:
From the oceans to land
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10,000 kcal of producer could support approximately _____ kcal of tertiary consumer.
1,000
100
10
1
0.
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You are a _____ consumer if you feed on secondary consumers. producing primary secondary tertiary
Producing
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
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Within populations of individual species, biodiversity is measured as ________.
Species richness
Genetic diversity
Habitat loss
Habitat destruction
Answer
Correct Answer:
Genetic diversity
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To recycle nutrients, an ecosystem must have, at a minimum, _____.
Producers.
Producers and decomposers.
Producers, primary consumers, and decomposers.
Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers.
Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, top carnivores, and decomposers.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Producers and decomposers.
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The science that describes populations is called _____.
Gerontology
Psychology
Demography
Geography
Answer
Correct Answer:
Demography
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The main reason polar regions are cooler than the equator is that _____.
Sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle.
There is more ice at the poles.
The polar atmosphere is thinner and contains fewer greenhouse gases.
The poles are farther from the sun.
The poles are permanently tilted away from the sun.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle.
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The initial period of population growth for a species in an environment is _______.
Linear
Exponential
Slow
Negative
Answer
Correct Answer:
Exponential
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The energy invested in the production of new tissue by autotrophic organisms is termed __________.
NPP
Maintenance
Gross photosynthetic efficiency
GPP
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The difference between density and dispersion is that __________.
Density is the overall concentration and dispersion is the spread of the concentration.
Dispersion is the overall concentration and density is the spread of the concentration.
Both a and b
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Density is the overall concentration and dispersion is the spread of the concentration.
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Quaternary consumers are not _______.
Consumers
Prey
Predators
Animals
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Primary succession results in a new community _____.
Where ther is no vegetation existed before
Where ther is low vegetation existed before
Where ther is high vegetation existed before
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Where ther is no vegetation existed before
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Plants in the rainforest _______.
Effectively conserve and retain water
Have low levels of transpiration
Release 50-80% of their water back into the ecosystem
Are adapted to conditions of drought
Answer
Correct Answer:
Release 50-80% of their water back into the ecosystem
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Organic agriculture is _______.
A food-growing practice
A practice tthat uses no synthetic fertilizers
A practice tthat uses no insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Most of the temperate grassland in north america has been converted to ______.
Small neighborhoods
Cities
National parks
Farmland
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Intraspecific competition is competition among ________ for resources.
Predators and prey
Plants and animals
Producers, consumers and detritivores
Members of different species
Members of a single species
Answer
Correct Answer:
Members of a single species
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Increasing demand for ____ leads to deforestation
Commercial logging of tropical hardwoods
Commercial logging of clinical hardwoods
Both a and b
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Commercial logging of tropical hardwoods
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In the soil, some ______ convert nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants.
Protists
Animals
Protozoans
Prokaryotes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prokaryotes
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In an ideal, unlimited environment, a population's growth follows a(n) ________ model.
Hypergeometric
Exponential
Geometric
Logistic
Answer
Correct Answer:
Exponential
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In a forest ecosystem, a robin and a squirrel live in the same tree. the two organisms _____.
Are part of the same population
Have the same niche
Share the same habitat
Are abiotic factors
Answer
Correct Answer:
Share the same habitat
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Fluctuations in the numbers of individuals in a population from year to year are called _________.
Iteroparity density dependent
Equilibrium density
Density independent
Population dynamics
Answer
Correct Answer:
Population dynamics
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Communities undergoing primary succession are __________.
Started from bare rock.
Started from bare tree.
Started from bare tree stump.
None of the above.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Started from bare rock.
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Biodiversity is ________.
The variety of life in all its forms and combinations and at all levels of organization
The anxiety of life in all its forms and combinations and at all levels of organization
Both a and b
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
The variety of life in all its forms and combinations and at all levels of organization
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All of these are soil conservation methods except __________.
Monocropping
Salinization
Desertification
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Monocropping
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_________ is a composite of three indicators namely longevity, knowledge and standard of living.
Human Progress Indicator
Human Developmental index
Gross Domestic Product
Genuine Progress Indicator
Answer
Correct Answer:
Human Developmental index
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In cases of exponential growth rates, a population ________ each year.
Increases at the same rate
Is multiplied by a constant number
Doubles
Triples
Increases by a constant number (one, ten, one hundred, etc.), depending on the system
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is multiplied by a constant number
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Since 1960, pesticide use has increased ________ worldwide.
Wofold.
Threefold.
Fourfold.
Fivefold
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fourfold.
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Since 1960 pesticide use has risen ________ worldwide
Wofold.
Threefold.
Fourfold.
Fivefold
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fourfold.
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Of the following, ________ can change local species diversity but not global species diversity.
Speciation and immigration
Immigration and extirpation
Emigration and extinction
Extirpation and extinction
Answer
Correct Answer:
Immigration and extirpation
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More greenhouse gas emissions will indirectly lead to ________.
Loss of sources of medicines
Speciation and extinction
Loss of ecosystem services
Increased genetic diversity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Loss of ecosystem services
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Flying squirrels (same species) competing with each other for truffles is an example of ________.
Intraspecific competition
Interspecific competition
Habitat competition
Exploitation competition
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intraspecific competition
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Exponential growth of a population is represented by δn/ δt = ________.
RN*(K−N/K)
Demography
Consumption
RmaxN
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An organism's ______ is its position in the food chain relative to the ecosystem's energy source.
Resource partitioning
Trophic level
Coevolution
Camouflage
Answer
Correct Answer:
Trophic level
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Accounting for over half of all deforestation in tropical regions is the ________.
The highly productive nature of tropical soils
The need for agricultural expansion
The harvesting of natural forest products for food
The unlimited supply of land
Answer
Correct Answer:
The need for agricultural expansion
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Keystone predators can maintain species diversity in a community if they _____.
Competitively exclude other predators.
Prey on the community's dominant species.
Allow immigration of other predators.
Reduce the number of disruptions in the community.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prey on the community's dominant species.
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To make organic fertilizer by composting, you do not include ________.
Animal manures
Wastes from butchering animals
Crop residues
Microbes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Wastes from butchering animals
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The monarch butterfly-milkweed relationship is best described as an example of ________.
Succession;
Carnivory;
Parasitism;
Commensalism
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carnivory;
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Wildlife in the serengeti is currently threatened by ________.
Pollution from a nearby coal power plant.
Plans to build a highway that passes through the park.
An invasive fish that has been introduced into the major river that flows through the park.
Plans to legalize hunting of most of the large animal species in the park.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plans to build a highway that passes through the park.
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The transitional stage in frank notestein's demographic model is initiated by ________.
Government intervention
The increased use of contraceptives
Inudustrialization.
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inudustrialization.
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Food chains are sometimes short because _____.
Only a single species of herbivore feeds on each plant species
Most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level
Predator species tend to be less diverse and less abundant than prey species
Local extinction of a species causes extinction of the other species in its food chain
Answer
Correct Answer:
Most of the energy in a trophic level is lost as it passes to the next higher level
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Tropical rain forests are high in __________ and low in __________.
Species diversity; soil nutrients
Temperate grasslands; species diversity
Periodic fires; soil nutrients
Soil nutrients; species diversity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Species diversity; soil nutrients
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Topsoil _____.
Is a mixture of rock fragments
Living organisms
Humus
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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The niche of an animal is _____.
The number of individuals of the species the environment will support
The same as its habitat
The way the animal fits into its environment
Its den or nest
Its position in the food chain
Answer
Correct Answer:
The way the animal fits into its environment
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The main difference between deserts and steppes is the _____.
Annual rainfall that occurs in both biomes
Earthworms
Being drought resistant
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Annual rainfall that occurs in both biomes
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The greatest cause of the worldwide loss of species is ________.
Habitat destruction
Overharvesting
Captive breeding programs
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Habitat destruction
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Several warbler species are able to coexist in the same forest because ________.
They feed in different parts of the fir and spruce trees
The birds eat in the different portions of the forest canopy
Introducing maples
A relationship between two species in which both benefit
Answer
Correct Answer:
They feed in different parts of the fir and spruce trees
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Savannas are _______.
Located only in Africa
Characterized by four distinct seasons
Lacking diverse animal life
Between tropical rainforests and deserts
Answer
Correct Answer:
Between tropical rainforests and deserts
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Rooted plants are found only in the __________ zone of a lake.
Littoral
Detritus
Limnetic
None of these
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Predation is considered to be a(n) _______________ factor.
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
Abiotic
Biotic
Extrinsic and biotic
Answer
Correct Answer:
Extrinsic and biotic
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Organisms in the same ecosystem are all _______
Interrogative
Interdependent
Intermediate
Interceptive
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interdependent
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Of the following, ________ would be most vulnerable to extinction.
A mold that attacks wheat in the field
A moth, brought to the US for silk production, escaping into the wild and becoming established
A healthy plant, such as a pine tree, that completely dominates its native environment
A migratory flock of warblers stopping along its winter route to feed on local resources that are now gone and replaced by a suburb
An orchid endemic to a forest where logging is occurring
Answer
Correct Answer:
An orchid endemic to a forest where logging is occurring
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Of the following, ________ can change global species diversity.
Speciation and extinction
Emigration and extinction
Speciation and immigration
Extirpation and extinction
Immigration and extirpation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Speciation and immigration
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Non-native species can have important effects on biological communities by ______.
Preying upon native species
Competing with native species for resources
Reducing biodiversity
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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In regard to energy efficiency, aquaculture is _______.
Pests can evolve defenses against pesticides
Incredibly energy-efficient compared to harvesting fish from open waters
Organic fertilizers increase humus in soil
Answer
Correct Answer:
Incredibly energy-efficient compared to harvesting fish from open waters
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In general, biomes in the _______ zone have been changed the most by human activity.
Tropical
Subtropical
Temperate
Arctic
Answer
Correct Answer:
Temperate
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Using water more efficiently _______.
Protects the environment
Causes the loss of natural pollution filters
Increases water contamination
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Protects the environment
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Two of the most common mycoses (fungal infections) in humans are __________.
Athlete's foot
Yeast infections
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Species richness and relative abundance define the _____ of a community.
Species diversity
Hormonal
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Answer
Correct Answer:
Species diversity
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Cows require a high quantity of feed because they ________.
Are genetically modified organisms
Can feed more people than pigs
Are raised on feedlots
Take time to grow and have a low energy conversion efficiency
Are the best source of high-quality protein
Answer
Correct Answer:
Take time to grow and have a low energy conversion efficiency
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Clouds form from _____ temperature change, which occurs when an expanding gas cools.
Condensation
An adiabatic
An aerodynamic
A sublimation
Answer
Correct Answer:
An adiabatic
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Exponential growth would be represented by a ____ curve?
J-shaped
S-shaped
Straight
Bimodal
Linear
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Cryosurgery uses liquid nitrogen to ________ and destroy abnormal tissue.
Burn
Identify
Coagulate
Freeze
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An ecological _____ is the set of all populations of all species found in a given place.
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Metapopulation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Community
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A mature collection of species, called a _____, makes up the final stage of succession.
Niche overlap
Obligate
Climax community
Ecological niche
Answer
Correct Answer:
Climax community
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Desert and tundra both ________.
Have wide temperature variations throughout the year
Lack shrubs
Lack insects
Have relatively low precipitation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have relatively low precipitation
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Boreal forests are characterized by _______ trees
Creosote
Eucalyptus
Coniferous
Deciduous
Answer
Correct Answer:
Coniferous
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Birds in the chaparral biome have adapted to living _______.
In trees
In burrows
On the ground
Through cool summers
Answer
Correct Answer:
On the ground
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Biological augmentation is a process that _________.
Uses organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems
Restoring seaweed and seagrass beds of fish and shellfish nurseries
Uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem
Nutrient enrichment such as nitrate and phosphate runoffs from land
Answer
Correct Answer:
Uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem
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Biodiversity enhances human food security because it ________.
Means that there is genetic uniformity
Reduces the number of pollinators available to any one plant species
Is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods
Decreases the number of predators
Increases the number of available pathogens
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods
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An organism's environment consists of _____.
Rainfall and temperature
Pelagic zone/realm
Abiotic and biotic factors
Swimming and drifting organisms
Answer
Correct Answer:
Abiotic and biotic factors
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A plant native to the chaparral would be expected to _______.
Tolerate nutrient poor soil
Water conserving behaviors
Competition for water
They have limited access to nutrients
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tolerate nutrient poor soil
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Detritivores are _________.
Recycle chemical elements directly back to primary consumers
Synthesize organic molecules that are used by primary producers
Convert organic materials from all trophic levels to inorganic compounds usable by primary producers
Secrete enzymes that convert the organic molecules of detritus into carbon dioxide and water
Heterotrophs
Answer
Correct Answer:
Heterotrophs
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Taiga and tundra both ________
Lack many birds
Lack trees
Are found in the southeastern United States
Have many burrowing rodents
Have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year
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The 3 principal types of precipitation are frontal, orographic, and _______________________
Cyclonic Precipitation
Convective Precipitation
Orographic Precipitation
Cyclonic Rainfall
Snow
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cyclonic Precipitation Convective Precipitation Orographic Precipitation
Note: This question has more than 1 correct answers
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In coenocytic hyphae, __________.
And animals have a common ancestor
Secreting digestive enzymes into the environment and then absorbing the smaller compounds into their bodies
Athlete's foot and yeast infections
Nuclei undergo mitosis without cytokinesis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nuclei undergo mitosis without cytokinesis
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During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community _____.
Changes gradually because each species responds differently to changes in environmental factors
Nutrients and other life-sustaining molecules are in limited supply and must be continually recycled
Both benefit
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Changes gradually because each species responds differently to changes in environmental factors
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Classification systems _____
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
Vary with the taxonomist
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vary with the taxonomist
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Fungi and bacteria are _____.
Producers.
Consumers.
Decomposers.
Pollinators
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decomposers.
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"the sundew plant has to digest insects because __________.
It must be required in relatively large amounts is a mixture of rock fragments, living organisms, and humus
[ Topsoil is produced by the erosion of rock by living organisms and is rich in decomposing organic matter (humus).]
It obtains nitrogen from their bodies that it cannot get from the soil( The sundew lives in nitrogen-poor soil and obtains its nitrogen from the digestion of insects.)
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
It obtains nitrogen from their bodies that it cannot get from the soil( The sundew lives in nitrogen-poor soil and obtains its nitrogen from the digestion of insects.)
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Most crops cannot grow in ________.
Warm climates.
Water logged soil.
Soil containing good oxygen levels.
Nutrient rich soil
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water logged soil.
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Endemic species ________.
Are generalist organisms
Cause disease
Are invasive species that cause extinction
Have high rates of mutations that lead to large numbers of offspring species
Are found only in one place on the planet
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are invasive species that cause extinction
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Species found in only one place on earth are called ________ species.
Species richness
Predation
Endemic
Both an herbivore and a primary consumer
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Which of the following, ________ requires the least land to produce 1 kg of protein.
Beef
Eggs
Chicken
Milk
Pork
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Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil _____
Convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
Plants synthesize their own organic molecules.
Most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes.
Contribute little to a plant's overall mass
Answer
Correct Answer:
Convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia
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In captive breeding programs, organisms are bred with the intent to __________.
Release them to non-native ecosystems
Clone them
Keep them in zoos
Release them to the wild
Answer
Correct Answer:
Release them to the wild
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Human impacts on biomes are best characterized by _______
Increased fossil fuel usage
Industrial pollution of landfills
Interruption of natural biome processes
Sewage contamination of groundwater
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interruption of natural biome processes
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Mushrooms, algae, and protozoa are all examples of ___________ cells...
Protist.
Plant.
Fungal
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An example of restoration ecology is ________.
Cessation of mining or farming or causes of erosion
Restricting livestock from riparian areas
Removing toxic materials from soil or sediments
All
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A niche specialist is ________.
More likely to go extinct than a niche
More likely to go extinct than a niche generalist
More likely to go extinct than a specialist
Answer
Correct Answer:
More likely to go extinct than a niche generalist
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A cow eating grass is an example of a _____.
Herbivory
Predation
Habitat destruction
A keystone species
Answer
Correct Answer:
Herbivory
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A biome is a large group of plants and animals living together in a specific _____.
Habitat
Population
Community
Climate
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_____ are secondary consumers
Herbivores
Plants
Cows
Carnivores
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carnivores
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_____ allows populations to adapt to the abiotic and biotic conditions where they live
Reproduction
Natural selection
Competition
Predation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Natural selection
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A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ________.
Amniotic egg
Amniotic fluid
Leathery
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amniotic egg
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If a predator is eliminated from an ecosystem its prey?s population will likely _______. .
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
Change, but the direction cannot be predicted
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Of the following, ________ requires the least land to produce 1 kg of protein.
Egg
Milk
Chicken
Beef
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Variations in allometric growth patterns demonstrate how _____.
Chimpanzees are basically juvenile humans that have gained the ability to reproduce
Relatively small genetic changes can have a major impact on phenotype
Differences in the fetal skulls of chimpanzees and humans lead to very similar adult skulls
Relatively large genetic changes can have a minor impact on phenotype
Answer
Correct Answer:
Relatively small genetic changes can have a major impact on phenotype
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Within an ecosystem, the _____ is always greater than the _____.
Energy used by primary consumers … energy used by secondary consumers
Biomass of producers … biomass of primary consumers
Number of producers … number of primary consumers
Biomass of secondary consumers … biomass of producers
Answer
Correct Answer:
Energy used by primary consumers … energy used by secondary consumers
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When equilibrium is reached on an island, __________.
Ecological disturbance is minimized
Extinction will cease
The rate of species immigration will equal the rate of species extinction
The food web will be highly stable
Answer
Correct Answer:
The rate of species immigration will equal the rate of species extinction
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The type iii survivorship curve has _____.
Group of individuals of the same age
High initial death rates but later high survivorship (e.g., plants)
Both of these
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
High initial death rates but later high survivorship (e.g., plants)
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Succession is _______
Harmful to ecosystems
A natural recovery process
Unnecessary for ecosystem recovery
A one-time event
Answer
Correct Answer:
A natural recovery process
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Recent research indicates that the variation in solar output ________.
Cities and states are setting their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
Is an international panel that reports on how climate change influences biomes and economies
Molecules in the atmosphere are warmed by radiation from Earth and retain that heat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is less than any of the anthropogenic factors affecting climate change
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Dam removal in this country ________.
Will probably continue because the environmental impacts of dams are reviewed periodically
Will probably increase rapidly as we move to a more fossil-fuel-dependent society
Is controversial because dams provide such good habitats for native species
Provides many new jobs and opportunities and so is economically beneficial
Will assist with our transition to more natural forms of renewable energy
Answer
Correct Answer:
Will probably continue because the environmental impacts of dams are reviewed periodically
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The phosphorus cycle lacks a(n) __________ component.
Atmospheric
Organic
Mineral
Aquatic
Organic and gaseous
Answer
Correct Answer:
Atmospheric
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Succession of communities occurs because _____.
Resources in an area are limited
Most populations have a limited life span and die, making room for others
Climatic changes lead to reduced water availability
Each existing community changes the environment
Answer
Correct Answer:
Each existing community changes the environment
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Speciation requires ______
Genetic isolation
Geographic isolation
Periods of rapid evolutionary change
Long periods of time
Answer
Correct Answer:
Genetic isolation
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Speciation _____.
Occurs when a species dies out
Is caused by reduced gene flow
Happens when parasites evolve
Is slowed by geographic isolation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is caused by reduced gene flow
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Some researchers suggest that primates are able to do all of the following except __________.
Master rules of syntax
Learn sign language
Create simple sentences
Comprehend spoken words
Answer
Correct Answer:
Master rules of syntax
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Resource partitioning would be most likely to occur between _____.
Sympatric populations of a predator and its prey.
Sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.
Sympatric populations of a flowering plant and its specialized insect pollinator
Allopatric populations of the same animal species.
Allopatric populations of species with similar ecological niches
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.
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Of the following, ________ best describes integrated pest management (ipm).
Biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification
Erosion, over-irrigation, and overgrazing
Affected by rainfall, freezing and thawing
Are techniques for conserving soil resources and fertility
Answer
Correct Answer:
Biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification
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Most parasites have evolved to __________ their host
Predator
Weaken
Exotic
Climatic Events
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Most coltan ore is mined in ________, but purified and marketed in ________.
The U.S.; Europe
Canada ; the U.S.
South America ; South Africa
South Africa ; Congo
Congo ; developed nations in North America and Europe
Answer
Correct Answer:
Congo ; developed nations in North America and Europe
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Mineral nutrients _____.
Enter plants via the stomata
Include sugars
Are organic nutrients
Are not essential to plant growth
Contribute little to a plant's overall mass
Answer
Correct Answer:
Contribute little to a plant's overall mass
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Leaching ________.
Adds nutrients to soil naturally
Is a common agricultural practice to improve soil
Can help plant growth only if done properly
Is caused by movement of water upward through soil from the water table
Removes water-soluble nutrients from topsoil
Answer
Correct Answer:
Removes water-soluble nutrients from topsoil
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In queensland, australia, cactus moths (cactoblastis cactorum) ________.
Biocontrol measures, crop rotation, and habitat diversification
Effectively cleared non-native prickly pear cactus from rangeland
Decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming
Essential pollinators and predators
Answer
Correct Answer:
Effectively cleared non-native prickly pear cactus from rangeland
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In assessing whether a bird species is endangered, biologists might look at __________.
Habitat loss
Population fragmentation
Reproductive reate
Population size
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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In an ecosystem, the __________ is always greater than the __________.
Cellular respiration only ... Disturbance is inevitable
Energy used by primary consumers ... energy used by secondary consumers
Disturbance is inevitable ... all return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere during cellular respiration.
Grows fastest at an intermediate population density ... Disturbance is inevitable
Answer
Correct Answer:
Energy used by primary consumers ... energy used by secondary consumers
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In ________, the interaction between two species harms both of them.
Coevolution
Mutualism
Symbiosis
Competition
Parasitism
Answer
Correct Answer:
Competition
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Herbivores are _____.
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Producers
Decomposers
Detritivores
Answer
Correct Answer:
Primary consumers
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For an element to be considered a macronutrient _____.
Plants synthesize their own organic molecules.
It obtains nitrogen from their bodies that it cannot get from the soil
It must be required in relatively large amounts
Most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes
Answer
Correct Answer:
It must be required in relatively large amounts
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Food chains are an important part of an ecosystem. a food chain shows _____.
Mutualisms between mammals are rare, more so when a primate isn't involved.
Herbivorous organisms are near the bottom of the food chain.
The part of the habitat's resources that a species uses
Food chains are often complex and intertwined.
Which organisms are producers and which are consumers
Answer
Correct Answer:
Which organisms are producers and which are consumers
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Flying squirrels competing with each other for truffles is an example of ________.
Interspecific competition
High-energy carbohydrates
Intraspecific competition
Lynx and snowshoe hares
Answer
Correct Answer:
Interspecific competition
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Examples of defensive adaptations include all of the following except ________.
Aposematic coloration
Müllerian mimicry
Mechanical defense
Batesian mimicry
Predation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Predation
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Converting a prairie to a farm field is an example of ________.
Overharvesting
Habitat loss
Exotic species
Climate change
Answer
Correct Answer:
Habitat loss
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An ecosystem ________.
Is a regional grouping of plants, animals, and other biotic factors
Is the total population of a specific kind of plant, animal, or microbe and all members of which do or potentially can interbreed and produce young
Encompasses all the organisms and the physical and chemical environment within an area
Is a grouping of plants and animals that interacts with one another in a way that causes the grouping to die
Is a collection of interacting species living in a specific area
Answer
Correct Answer:
Encompasses all the organisms and the physical and chemical environment within an area
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According to the nonequilibrium model of community diversity, _____.
Large and close to a mainland
Ecosystem engineers
Ecological niche
Communities are constantly changing after being influenced by disturbances
Trophic structure
Answer
Correct Answer:
Communities are constantly changing after being influenced by disturbances
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A population that is growing logistically __________.
The carrying capacity of its environment
Lower the survival rates of the parents
Grows fastest at an intermediate population density
By a logistic equation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grows fastest at an intermediate population density
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________ is not part of the hydrologic cycle.
Water evaporating from a lake
Water moving into creeks and streams following a rainstorm
Calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater
Water infiltrating into the soil and bedrock
Answer
Correct Answer:
Calcium carbonate dissolving in soil water and groundwater
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