Botany MCQ

In a chemical reaction, the element 13al will most preferably ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lose three electrons and become positively charged

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The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____. see concept 29.1 (page 620)

Answer

Correct Answer: Charophytes

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If you have ever had a cup of coffee or sipped a beer, you have taken a(n) _____ drug.

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychoactive

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Human survival literally depends on the produce of _____. see concept 30.4 (page 647)

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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The left hemisphere has regions devoted to _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Math and logic.

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Sperm cells are formed in plants by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mitosis in male gametophyte

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Skeletal support in sponges is never provided by ____________________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Calcium-magnesium ion complexes

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Mycorrhiza help vascular plants to get _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Home-work-help.

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Kumquat is the most ___________________ type of citrus for arizona.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cold hardy

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The advantages of seeds, compared to spores, include ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Containing a nutrient store for a developing sporophyte

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A pine tree is a _____. bryophyte gymnosperm angiosperm

Answer

Correct Answer: Cone

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The ________ is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ovary

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Human survival literally depends on the produce of _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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Cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in plants depends primarily on _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Regulation of gene expression

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_______ support mangrove trees out of the water

Answer

Correct Answer: Prop roots

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________ are modified leaves that are often brightly colored and fragrant.

Answer

Correct Answer: Petals

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Seaweed and kelp are _____ algae. brown red fire golden-brown

Answer

Correct Answer: Golden-brown

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Roses and lilies are _____. bryophytes gymnosperms angiosperms

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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A gene that affects the expression of a second gene is an example of __________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Pleiotropy

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A gastropod, such as a __________, undergoes torsion and is usually underneath a single shell.

Answer

Correct Answer: Snail

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The ______ is responsible for landing and scheduling events for a facility.

Answer

Correct Answer:

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Spores and seeds have basically the same function?dispersal?but are vastly different because _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Spores are unicellular; seeds are not

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The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Green algae

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The medium used in protoplast fusion experiments is _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sotonic.

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When you eat brussels sprouts, you are eating _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Large axillary buds.

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Unlike almost all ferns, seed plants ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Produce two kinds of spores.

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The parts of a flower include all of the following except ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cones.

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The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Reduce dehydration.

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The development of the __________ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cuticle

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One difference between algae and plants is that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Plants have roots, stems, or leaves.

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Nearly all food plants are classified as ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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Much of the coal we use today came from ________ that lived during the carboniferous.

Answer

Correct Answer: Seedless vascular plants

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Fungi belong to the clade ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Opisthokonts.

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During conifer reproduction pollen grains are released into the _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Pollen tube

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Angiosperms _____. have flowers have cones are nonvascular are seedless

Answer

Correct Answer: Flowers

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The ______ helps plants retain water.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cuticle

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A ____________ is a display of all of the chromosomes of an organism.

Answer

Correct Answer: Karyotype

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Xerophytes minimize water loss by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Using the CAM pathway

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When a plant opens and closes its stomata, it is maintaining _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Homeostasis

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Water-storing plants and deeply-rooted shrubs are plants that characterize ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Deserts

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Vascular plants hydrate photosynthetic cells using _____, whereas bryophytes do so using _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil water; surface water

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The transport of a water column up a very tall tree can be explained by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cohesive and adhesive forces of the water column under evaporative tension

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The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule

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Photosynthesis uses ____________ to produce atp, nadph, and o2.

Answer

Correct Answer: Light energy

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The main source of water necessary for photosynthesis to occur in the leaf mesophyll is _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil via the xylem

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The less common type of plant is the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hydrophytes

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The female structures of angiosperms are called __________, and they produce __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Carpels ... ovules

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The apoplast in plant tissues consists of ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cell walls, extracellular spaces, and vessel elements

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The angiosperm plant we see represents the ________ generation, and the flower produces ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Gametophyte, Sporophytes

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Swimming sperm are produced in the ____ of the moss gametophyte stage.

Answer

Correct Answer: Antheridia

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Succulent plants that live in warm, arid region use mostly __________ pathway.

Answer

Correct Answer: CAM

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Starch is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Plants; energy storage

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Seed bearing plants are grouped into two clades, namely __________ and ____________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both A & B

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Roses and lilies are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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Reproduction of plants differs from reproduction of animals in that _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Plants have a distinct, multicellular haploid phase

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Refer to the illustration of the leaf cross-section. the vein is made up of _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both a and b

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Prop roots are the modified aerial adventitious roots of corn that ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Support tall, top-heavy plants

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Plants with specialized tissues that can transport fluids are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vascular

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Plants maintain homeostasis by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Plants cannot grow without ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil

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Plants are used for _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Phloem is made up of living cells. phloem takes sugars in the _____ to the roots.

Answer

Correct Answer: Leaves

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Most plant roots grow in the ____________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: A horizon

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Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lack vascular tissue

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In the symbiotic relationship that produces lichens, a(n) _____ feeds the fungus.

Answer

Correct Answer: Alga

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In pines, an embryo is a(n) _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Immature sporophyte

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In ferns, the _____ generation is physically larger.

Answer

Correct Answer: Diploid sporophyte

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In c4 and cam plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cytoplasm

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In angiosperms, pollen grains develop in the ________ and are trapped by the ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anther... Stigma

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If you walk through an area with mosses and ferns, you are seeing ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both sporophyte and gametophyte generations

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Gametes in plants are produced by ___________________ during the ______________ generation.

Answer

Correct Answer: Special organs; gametophyte

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During _____, pollen moves from the stamen to the pistil.

Answer

Correct Answer: Both a and b

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As the sun moves throughout the day, some plants can follow it. this is called _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Solar tracking

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All the species classified under the plantae kingdom are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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__________ is a behavioral, directional response to a stimulus.

Answer

Correct Answer: Taxis

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Fungi release digestive enzymes into their _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Surroundings

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Fungi produce _____ spores.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haploid

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Solar tracking, or _____, is a plant's growth toward light.

Answer

Correct Answer: Phototropism

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Orchid bees are to brazil nut trees as ________ are to pine trees.

Answer

Correct Answer: Breezes

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Nearly all food plants are as ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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The edible portion of a(n) ______ is a ripened ovary.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cucumber.

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Agricultural lands frequently require nutrient augmentation because _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The nutrients that become the biomass of plants are not cycled back to the soil on lands where they are harvested

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The ancestors of land plants were probably ________ that lived in ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Green algae similar to charophytes; coastal marshes or lake fringes

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Phototropism is a _____ tropism involving _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Positive; sunlight

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In alternation of generations, a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haploid

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In the moss life cycle _____ cells within a sporangium undergo _____ to produce _____ spores.

Answer

Correct Answer: Diploid ... meiosis ... haploid

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In flowering plants, the main visible plant body is the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Diploid sporophyte

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Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Indeterminate

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Vascular plants consist of about _____ of all living plant species.

Answer

Correct Answer: 95%

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The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Charophytes

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The breakdown of chlorophyll reveals the _____ pigments of a leaf.

Answer

Correct Answer: Carotenoid

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Pollination of angiosperms is mediated by __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the above

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Intestinal gas is evidence of active ________ in one's digestive tract.

Answer

Correct Answer: Methanogens

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Fungi contact and absorb food through the ________, a branching network of ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Hyphae; mycelia

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Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, which inhibit the growth of bacteria, are known as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Antigens

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At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sporangia

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A specialized fleshy stem used for food storage and reproduction is a _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Corm

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A fleshy, enlarged end of a rhizome or stolon is called a _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Tuber

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A _____ is a horizontal stem that can divide and grow in several directions at once.

Answer

Correct Answer: Rhizome

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Trichomes or leaf hairs are derived from ________ in plants.

Answer

Correct Answer: Dermal tissues

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The plant tissue system most analogous to our circulatory system is the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vascular tissue

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The only type of growth in most monocots is ____________________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Primary growth

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The growth stage of plants consists mostly of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mitosis

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The _____ is commonly called bark.

Answer

Correct Answer: Epidermis

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Strawberry plants reproduce by using _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stolons

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Primary production by photosynthetic protists is considered ""primary"" because _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: These protists produce chemical energy by fixing CO2

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Monocots and eudicots are so named due to differences in the number of leaves on the _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Seeds

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Molecular phylogenies show all land plants are a monophyletic group. this suggests ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

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Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Cell elongation localized in each internode.

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Evergreen trees lose their leaves _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Steadily all year

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About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on earth would have _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Had non-vascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

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Plants in the phylum bryophyta grow in areas that are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Damp and shady

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Vessel elements are dead cells that are part of _____ and conduct _____ through hollow tubes.

Answer

Correct Answer: Xylem; water

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Mitosis occurs in _____; meiosis occurs in _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Somatic or body cells … germ cells in the testes or ovaries

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A tomato plant is a type of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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The _____ cells are undifferentiated and produce new cells in order to grow.

Answer

Correct Answer: Meristem

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Meristematic cells called the _____ add width to the plant body.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vascular cambium

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As fuels, wood and coal _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Are both formed from living or fossil plants

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Plant meristematic cells _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Are undifferentiated cells that produce new cells

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Root hairs are important to a plant because they _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Increase the surface area for absorption

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Compared to nonvascular plants, the ancient relatives of vascular plants ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Produced sporophyte generations independent of, not dependent on, gametophyte generations

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Refer to the illustration of the flower. structure 3 _______________________..

Answer

Correct Answer: Is often sticky or has hairs

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Refer to the illustration of a plant life cycle. the structures at point 3 are called ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Spores

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Producing energy that fuels the activities of the cell is a function of the __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mitochondria

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In addition to transporting sugar, the phloem also _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Transports proteins throughout the plant

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Cells harvest energy from food molecules by _____

Answer

Correct Answer: Respiration

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Bulk flow is analogous to a __________ and diffusion is analogous to a __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Convection oven; conduction oven

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Bipedal organisms have a ________ spine while quadrupedal organisms have a ________ spine

Answer

Correct Answer: 2,4

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A plant with high _____ is healthy and rigid.

Answer

Correct Answer: Turgor

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A plant cell placed in a solution with a lower (more negative) water potential will __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Lose water and plasmolyze

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Xylem cells are _____, which is essential to their function.

Answer

Correct Answer:

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In sexual reproduction of land plants, generations alternate between _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Making gametes and making spores, the two generations are called gametophyte and sporophyte

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The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ______ in angiosperms.

Answer

Correct Answer: Flowers

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Pollen grains are defined as gametophytes because they ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Are multicellular and produce sperm via mitosis

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In the pine, microsporangia form _____ microspores by _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haploid ... meiosis

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The sperm produced by mosses require _____ to reach an archegonium.

Answer

Correct Answer: Moisture

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Angiosperms _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Produces flower and seed

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The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Above-ground reproductive structure

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The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Diploid sporophyte

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In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by

Answer

Correct Answer: Mitosis ... mitosis

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Gametophytes reproduce ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: By producing sperm and eggs

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Basidia produce spores by a process known as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Meiosis

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Xylem is indicated by the letter _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: D

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Vessel elements are more efficient at transporting water than tracheids because _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Vessel elements are wide

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The polarity of a plant is established when _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: The shoot-root axis is established in the embryo

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The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________, where it eventually fertilizes the egg.

Answer

Correct Answer: Stigma; ovule

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The pollen grain is to gymnosperms as the ______ is to angiosperms.

Answer

Correct Answer: Anther

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The function of a mushroom is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Produce spores

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"the advantages of the reduced gametophytes in seed plants include ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sporophyte dominant

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Spruces and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Decreased surface area, reducing water loss

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Plasmogamy is indicated by the letter _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Plasmogamy is the fusion of hyphae

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Plants contain meristems whose major function is to _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Produce more cells.

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Nutritionally, all fungi are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Chemoheterotrophs

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Non-vascular plants include all the following types of plants except _________.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of these

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Most plants flower when _____

Answer

Correct Answer: The nights are the right length; The flowering of many plants is stimulated by the duration of periods of uninterrupted darkness.

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Interspecific competition is reduced by the adaptation of ______

Answer

Correct Answer: Resource partitioning

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In the process of alternation of generations, the _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Sporophyte is diploid and produces spores

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In pine, the embryo develops within the __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Female gametophyte

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In moss, _____ produce sperm.

Answer

Correct Answer: Antheridia

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In flowering plants, the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte.

Answer

Correct Answer: Much smaller than

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In ______ the gametophyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mosses

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Hyphae are _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Thin filaments

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Heartwood and sapwood consist of _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Secondary xylem

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Gametophytes produce ______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haploid

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Gametophytes are ________; sporophytes are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haploid... diploid

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Fungal diseases common in ________ include ________ and ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Plants; smuts; rusts

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Flowering plants are ______

Answer

Correct Answer: Angiosperms

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During the growth stage, plants ____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Begin making their own food via photosynthesis

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During the alternation of generations in plants, _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Mitosis produces gametes

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Compared to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are ________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Simpler morphologically, but not more evolutionarily primitive

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Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: Secondary tissues

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Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have __________.

Answer

Correct Answer: Flowers

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A root hair is a(n) _____.

Answer

Correct Answer: An extension of an individual cell that absorbs water from soil

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A chloroplast that is the result of secondary endosymbiosis would have _______ membrane(s).

Answer

Correct Answer: 4

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______ are seedless vascular plants

Answer

Correct Answer: Ferns

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_____ are angiosperms.

Answer

Correct Answer: Roses

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