Nutrition MCQ
In the fitt principle, the choice of swimming instead of walking would be an example of _____.
Time
Intensity
Frequency
Type
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In order to minimize fecal volume, a patient may be placed on a _____ diet prior to surgery.
Low-fiber
Fat-restricted
Low-sodium
High-kcalorie, high-protein
Blenderized
Answer
Correct Answer:
Low-fiber
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One out of every _____ americans receives food assistance of some kind.
Poverty.
Mental illness.
Depression.
Illness.
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The bodys primary source of glucose during physical activity is _______.
ATP
NAD
Glycogen
Creatine phosphate
Lactate
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The average person's major energy expenditure is for ___.
Physical activity
Thermic effect of food
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
Basal metabolism
Answer
Correct Answer:
Physical activity
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Red blood cells lack mitochondria. as a result, atp production is solely through ________.
Oxidative phosphorylation
Lipolysis
Glucose
Glycolysis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glycolysis
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Rapid changes in infusion rates of a parenteral solution can cause _____.
Diarrhea.
Infection
Obstructions
Fluctuations in blood glucose levels.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fluctuations in blood glucose levels.
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Providing enough, but not an excess, of a food is a diet-planning principle known as ____.
Safety.
Variety.
Moderation.
Undernutrition.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Moderation.
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Proteins that circulate in the blood, specifically attaching to one kind of antigen are ____.
Antibodies
T cells
B cells
None of these (by self)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Antibodies
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Proteins that accelerate the polymerization of actin filaments are called ________.
Nucleons and nucleating proteins
End-blocking proteins
Nucleons
Nucleating proteins
Monomer-sequestering proteins
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nucleating proteins
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Proteins help regulate blood ph by ________.
Releasing ketone-forming amino acids into the blood
Pumping potassium out of the cells
Keeping the blood more acidic
Accepting and releasing hydrogen ions
Answer
Correct Answer:
Accepting and releasing hydrogen ions
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Proteins are broken down into _____ whereas fats are digested mostly into _____.
Amino acids:fatty acids
Fatty acids: amino acids(by self)
Both of these
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amino acids:fatty acids
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Protein sparing in the body is best achieved when a person ingests ____.
Proteins of animal origin only
Adequate levels of carbohydrate and fat
Consumes a very low fat diet
Proteins of plant origin only
Mixed protein sources on alternate days
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adequate levels of carbohydrate and fat
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Protein requirements per unit of body weight are _______ for infants and children than for adults.
Greater
Superior
Lesser
Higher
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Protein quality is determined by all of the following except ________.
The food's digestibility
The food's amino acid composition
Loss of calcium
The food's cost
Answer
Correct Answer:
The food's cost
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Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.
Be higher in fat, sugar, or salt contain fewer nutrients provide more kcalories
Be lower in fat, sugar, or salt contain more nutrients provide more kcalories(by self)
Both of these
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Be higher in fat, sugar, or salt contain fewer nutrients provide more kcalories
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People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods.
Starchy.
Salty.
Novel.
Familiar.
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The brain chemical neuropeptide y is known to specifically enhance the craving for ____.
fat
Salt
protein
Carbohydrate.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrate.
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The body constantly loses water through the skin as a result of _____ perspiration.
Insensible
Hydrostatic
Perceptible
Homeostatic
Answer
Correct Answer:
Insensible
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One significant method for assessing body fat distribution is measurement of ______ circumference.
40%
Waist
RED
Air-displacement
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The biological value of a food protein is a measure of ________.
How closely it meets amino acid needs.
Protein quality is determined by all of the following except
Cooking an egg destroys its physiological property by
A high-protein diet is discouraged for patients with
Answer
Correct Answer:
How closely it meets amino acid needs.
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The best method to lower your cardiometabolic risk is to ____.
Excess weight
Tobacco use
Sedentary lifestyle
Fair skin.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fair skin.
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According to set-point theory, ___________________.
Each of us has a genetically programmed weight and the body increases/decreases metabolism and hunger sensations to keep the body at the same weight
Obese people were found to eat the same or less than non-obese people
The use of regular compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (at least 2 days/wk for at least 3 months)
Studies show that many of the health hazards previously associated with obesity may be due to chronic dieting
Answer
Correct Answer:
Each of us has a genetically programmed weight and the body increases/decreases metabolism and hunger sensations to keep the body at the same weight
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To assess body composition, health-care professionals most often use bmi and ____.
Waist circumference
Skinfold thickness
Hydrodensitometry
Bioelectric impedence
Percentage of body fat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Waist circumference
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____________ is an important factor in healthy, long-lasting weight loss.
Both a and b
Physical activity
Genes
Body mass index
Answer
Correct Answer:
Physical activity
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Cows milk should never be fed to infants because it is too high in ______ and too low in ______.
Lactose, iron
Protein, iron
Folic acid, iron
Vitamin c, calcium
Answer
Correct Answer:
Protein, iron
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Cooking an 8-ounce raw steak will reduce the weight (ounces) to approximately ____ ounces.
3
5
6
4
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A growing teenage athlete requires _______ grams of protein per pound of body weight.
4.6
0.7-0.9
4
5.7
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A high-fat meal contains ____ calories in the same volume as compared to a low-fat meal.
The same amount of
Fewer
More
None of these
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A healthy diet with plenty of _____ may reduce lead absorption in children.
Iron
Corn
Brain
Peanuts
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A good strategy for weight gain in underweight individuals is to ____.
Eat energy-dense foods
Select foods with high levels of trans fats
Avoid exercise, especially strength training
Eat small portions to prevent feeling overwhelmed
Avoid scheduled meals and eat throughout the day
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eat energy-dense foods
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A diet history provides clues to ________ deficiencies.
Adequacy
Solid fats
Primary
Husk
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A diet high in sugars, fat, and calories ______ the inflammatory response.
Heme iron
Promotes
Phagocytosis
Antioxidant system
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A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.
A
B
C
D
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A childs height is measured in the standing position once she or he reaches the age of _____.
1 years
2 years
3 years
4 years
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A balanced diet contains _____, which are the fundamental components of eating healthfully.
Ingredients list
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Vegetables and fruits
Ealthy nutrients relative to the number of calories
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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_____________is the process by which the liver makes a non essential amino acid.
Transamination
Aminogenesis
Protein synthesis
Deamination
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transamination
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______________ will slow down alcohol absorption.
Food in the stomach that is high in protein
Pancreas
Sober
Bloodstream
Answer
Correct Answer:
Food in the stomach that is high in protein
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____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 15% to 35%.
Adaptive thermogenesis
Thermic effect of food
Metabolism
Physical activity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Physical activity
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__________ can grow at refrigeration temperatures.
Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella species
Mussels and clams.
Listeria monocytogenes
Clostridium botulinum
Answer
Correct Answer:
Listeria monocytogenes
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________ is essential for the regeneration of active forms of folate.
Iron
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Zinc
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B12
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A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of ____.
Cardiovascular disease
Stearic acid
low-density lipoproteins
LDL cholesterol
Answer
Correct Answer:
low-density lipoproteins
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Impaired swallowing indicates the need for a _____.
mechanically altered diet
low-sodium diet
fat-restricted diet
low-fiber diet
clear liquid diet
Answer
Correct Answer:
mechanically altered diet
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If you eat foods that are compact and _______, more can fit into your stomach with less discomfort.
Dense
Dry
Puffed
Tasty
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If you consume 2000 calories, the thermic effect of food would account for ______ calories.
100-150
100-200
200-250
200-300
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If the gallbladder becomes diseased, the digestion of _____ can become compromised.
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fiber
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If a woman gains 30 pounds during pregnancy, the net amount of body fat she gains is about _____.
1 pound
7 pounds
10 pounds
15 pounds
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If a lactating womans diet is poor, her milk _____.
Quantity will be normal but the nutrient quality will be poor
Will be thin and watery
Quality will be maintained at the expense of maternal stores
Will contain toxic products
Will dry up more quickly
Answer
Correct Answer:
Will be thin and watery
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If a client is on peritoneal dialysis, his diet should contain less _____ than other renal diets.
Fat
Protein
Vitamins
Carbohydrate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrate
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Hunger and ________________ work in tandem to ensure adequate nourishment.
Appetite
Satiation
Metabolism
Satiety
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Hormonal growth spurts in adolescence last about _______ years.
Two
Three
Four
Five
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High intake of _____ interfere with copper absorption and can lead to a deficiency.
Selenium
manganese
chromium
zinc
Iron
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High bioavailability refers to a compound that ____.
Is metabolized quickly
Can be transported without attaching to a protein
Has a high degree of absorption and utilization
Is concentrated in food
Answer
Correct Answer:
Has a high degree of absorption and utilization
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Health authorities recommend that adults consume _____ ounces of seafood per week.
8-12
3-6
14-21
5-7
2.5
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Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of cvd.
Aspartic acid
Tryptophan
HDL
Homocysteine
Answer
Correct Answer:
Homocysteine
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Cereal, milk, a banana, and juice create a super _______ meal.
Fiber-rich
Calcium-rich
Carbohydrate-rich
Iron-rich
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrate-rich
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Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.
Soy-based formulas
Formulas that contain DHA
Juice
Meat
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By law, a serving size on beverage food labels is ____.
4-6 fluid ounces
24 fluid ounces
8 fluid ounces
10-12 fluid ounces
16 fluid ounces
Answer
Correct Answer:
8 fluid ounces
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Body _______ is commonly measured by using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Mass
Density
Weight
Composition
Answer
Correct Answer:
Composition
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Between ages 25 and 65, most people gain about _______ pounds.
20
40
50
60
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Beta-carotene prevents _____ from damaging cells.
Free radicals
Antioxidants
Blood clots
Vitamin E
Answer
Correct Answer:
Free radicals
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Besides calcium and phosphorous, _______________ is another mineral important for bone health.
Magnesium
Anemia
Glucose
Osteoporosis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Magnesium
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Basal metabolism remains elevated for _____ after intense and prolonged activity.
Several hours
30 minutes
1 hour
72 hours
Answer
Correct Answer:
Several hours
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At birth, a single dose of vitamin ________ is given by intramuscular injection.
A
D2
K
E
D3
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At about the first birthday, a childs appetite tends to ______.
Slow down
Fast up
Does not change
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Slow down
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As intake rises above the ul, the likelihood of _____ increases.
Toxicity
Nutrient density
Deficiency
Normalcy
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Approximately _______ of iron used each day is recovered and recycled.
10%
25%
75%
90%
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Applying the principle of variety in food planning helps ensure the benefits of ____.
Moderation
Vegetarianism
Nutrient density
Dilution of harmful substances
Abundance
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dilution of harmful substances
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Animal sources of iron are ______ bioavailable than plant sources of iron.
More
Less
Equal
None of the above
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An example of an incidental food additive in our food supply is ________.
Any additive that is a synthetic additive
Any color additive because their use is not for purposes of food safety
Bisphenol A (BPA), used to increase durability of some food and beverage containers
Monosodium glutamate, because it can also be found naturally in foods
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bisphenol A (BPA), used to increase durability of some food and beverage containers
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Americans average _______ calories of foods with no important nutrients per day.
200
400
600
800
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All the following are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids except ________.
Walnuts
Salmon
Avocados
Flaxseed
Oil
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All of the following are physiological changes that typically occur with aging except ________.
Decreased lean tissue (muscle mass)
Decreased metabolism
Decreased body fat
Decreased bone density
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decreased body fat
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Adults in the united states consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.
500
1200
2400
3400
6000
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Adding calcium to an orange juice product is an example of nutrient ____.
Enrichment
Restoration
Fortification
Mineralization
Adulteration
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fortification
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Accumulation of fat in the abdominal region changes the body's metabolism, resulting in _____.
Lowt riglycerides
Insulin resistance
High HDL cholesterol
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Insulin resistance
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According to the national institutes of health, about _______ of american adults are overweight.
65%
66%
67%
68%
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According to the fda, a food label that reads "improves memory" is an example of a ____.
Health claim
Daily Value claim
Qualified health claim
Structure-function claim
Unsupported claim
Answer
Correct Answer:
Structure-function claim
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About _____ % of an average healthy young man's body weight is water.
60
40
30
50
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The term failure to thrive sometimes is used to describe infants and children with ________.
Protein deficiency
Colostrum
Lactoferrin
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Protein deficiency
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Thiamin should be given to an alcoholic patient who has ________.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Scurvy
Pellagra
Pernicious anemia
Answer
Correct Answer:
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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The term organic, as related to compounds, would be best defined as ____.
Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
Assess dietary nutrient adequacy for individuals
It progresses gradually
A license to practice as a nutritionist or dietitian is required by some states
Answer
Correct Answer:
Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
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With gastric banding, the ____.
Amount of food that can be comfortably eaten is limited
When offered a large assortment of foods, people tend to eat more
Releases stored energy as heat
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amount of food that can be comfortably eaten is limited
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Whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of _____.
Enriched wheat bread
Cured meats
Cheese
Preservatives
Artificial flavors
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Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.
B-12
K
D
E
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Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of ________.
Carcinogens
Antioxidants
Vitamins B12 and D
Prions
Answer
Correct Answer:
Antioxidants
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Unless the label states otherwise, supplements of calcium carbonate are ________ calcium.
40%
75%
20%
None of these
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Ultraviolet rays react with _____ in the skin to begin the process of forming vitamin d.
Calcitriol
7-dehydrocholesterol
Calcidiol
Cholecalciferol
Answer
Correct Answer:
7-dehydrocholesterol
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Typically, preterm infants will catch up in growth by ______ of age
6 months
1 year
2 to 3 years
4 to 5 years
Answer
Correct Answer:
2 to 3 years
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Trans fats are unhealthy for the heart because they _____.
Raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
Exercise more and lose excess weight
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
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Toxicity of ______ is linked to birth defects.
Vitamin A
Folate
Vitamin B
Iron A vitamin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin A
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To avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ________.
Milk and dairy products
Whole-grain bread,bran,and fruits
Sugars and starches
Lean meat,poultry,and fish
Answer
Correct Answer:
Whole-grain bread,bran,and fruits
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These yogurts are good sources of ____, which contain active cultures of beneficial bacteria.
Protein
Probiotics
Vitamins
Calcium
Answer
Correct Answer:
Probiotics
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The ul for zinc is _____ times greater than the rda for men.
9
7
5
11
3.6
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The total amount of energy needed by teenagers is usually _______ that needed for an adult.
Protein
24 ounces of beer.
Higher than
Greater than
Answer
Correct Answer:
Greater than
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The thermic effect of food represents about _____% of the total food energy taken in.
16
10
25
4
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The term basal metabolic rate reflects the ________.
Loss of organic molecules in urine
Energy needed to make all organic molecules
Loss of energy to perspiration
Energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities
Answer
Correct Answer:
Energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities
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The recommended water intake for older adults is ______ it is for younger adults.
Higher than.
Lower than.
The same as.
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
The same as.
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The recommended amount of protein as a percentage of total energy intake is ________.
10-35%.
34%
45%
40%
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The recommendation daily intake of potassium for adolescents and adults is _____ or less.
Vitamin D
Common Cold
Potassium
4700 mg
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The principal sugar found in milk is ________.
Glucose
Lactose
Fructose
Sucrose
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The prevalence of _____ tends to be higher in populations that consume diets rich in sodium.
Iter
Hypertension
Fluorosis
Diabetes.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypertension
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The phenomenon known as hitting the wall occurs in athletes when _____ is depleted.
Glucose
Fatty acids
Water
Lactate
Protein.
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The nutrients that are digested in the small intestine are ____.
Carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
Percent body fat
Loss of lean body mass
fat-soluble vitamins
Lean body mass diminishes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrate, fat, and protein.
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The nutrient that enhances iron absorption is ____.
Vitamin C
Potassium
Sodium
Copper
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin C
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The myplate educational tool has been designed to _____.
Be used by professionals with nutrition training
Create an alternative diet plan for individuals not wanting to use the USDA Food Patterns
Help individuals who need to make major changes in their diet for chronic disease control.
Substitute for the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in diet planning
Help a diet-planning individual create a diet that more closely follows the USDA Food Patterns
Answer
Correct Answer:
Be used by professionals with nutrition training
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The most common nutrient deficiency in young children is caused by inadequate ________ consumption.
Calcium.
Iron.
Folate.
Zinc.
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The major source of ______ in the american diet is processed foods.
Sodium.
Selenium
Iron
Potassium
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The international olympic committee bans the use of _____ among competitive athletes.
Hydrogen ions
Stair stepping
Water intoxication
Human growth hormone
Answer
Correct Answer:
Human growth hormone
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Surveys show that most diets in the u.s. provide about ________ of their total energy from fat.
35%
33%
20-35%
1%
60%
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Soybeans, egg yolks, meats, and lecithin are sources of ______.
Riboflavin
Choline
Chromium
Iodide
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Some research suggests that consuming too much __________ may lead to osteoporosis.
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin A
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Snacks provide about _____ of the average teenagers total daily food energy intake.
1/3
1/4
2/3
7/2
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Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.
Iodide
Silicon
Magnesium
Selenium
Zinc
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One of the populations at highest risk of serious consequences from foodborne illness is _____.
Elderly people
Vegans
Newborns
People taking the medication Coumadin
Young children
Answer
Correct Answer:
Young children
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On any given day, nearly ____ of the people in the united states eat no fruit.
One-half
One-third
One-fourth
One-fifth
One-sixth
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Older adults should drink at least ____ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water.
5-6
3-4
9-13
7-8
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Obtaining an adequate amount of vitamins only from foods that naturally contain them ____.
Is almost always accomplished in a normal American's diet
Is metabolized quickly
Can be transported without attaching to a protein
Has a high degree of absorption and utilization
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is almost always accomplished in a normal American's diet
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Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.
Preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
Radical Changes in American Diet
More calories
Refined grains
Answer
Correct Answer:
Preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
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Nutrition assessment and nutrition education are important parts of the _______ program.
Food deserts
Food insecure without hunger
Type I diabetes
Food secure
Answer
Correct Answer:
Food secure
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Nutrient density is ___________________; energy density is ________________.
Amount of nutrient per calories provided.
Energy per amount consumed
Highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals
Foods that only provide energy without providing any beneficial nutrients. (i.e. soda)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Energy per amount consumed
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Normal women need ______% body fat to maintain menstruation?
19-35%.
17-25%.
16-29%.
27-35%.
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Newborn infants are given a shot of ____ at birth to prevent uncontrolled bleeding.
Vitamin K.
Lining of the uterus.
The growing fetus receives fewer calories.
Protein; iron
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin K.
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Myplate promotes a dietary balance of ____ basic food groups.
6
5
8
9
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Millie's prepregnancy bmi is 18. her weight gain goal should be ______ pounds.
Oxytocin.
350 - 450
11 to 20
28 to 40
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Maternal nutrient deficiencies or exposure to toxins can cause _____ in the fetus.
Abnormal organ function
Hypnosis Biofeedback Yoga
During the 3rd trimester
Shows normal weight gain
Answer
Correct Answer:
Abnormal organ function
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Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (hdl) are _____.
Cholesterol
Glycerol
Nitrogen
Triglycerides
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cholesterol
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Limiting dietary intake of sodium will ______ urine production.
Decrease.
Lubricant
Intracellular
Hamburger
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decrease.
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Ketosis may result from ________.
Starvation
A diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrates
Untreated diabetes mellitus
All of these choices are correct
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are correct
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A(an) _____ is a chemically unstable substance that can damage vulnerable molecules, such as dna.
Coenzyme
Carotenoid
Intrinsic factor
Free radical
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Good glycemic control requires _____.
Frequent visits to the doctor
Self-monitoring of blood glucose
Frequent insulin injections
Restricting carbohydrate in the diet
Eating small amounts of food
Answer
Correct Answer:
Self-monitoring of blood glucose
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Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of ____.
Amino acids from glucose
Lactose from a source of sucrose
Fat from excess carbohydrate intake
Glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
Glycogen from glucagon
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance
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Fruits and vegetables are the sole source of____.
Glycogen
Probiotics
Sterols
Creatine
Phytonutrients
Answer
Correct Answer:
Probiotics
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For the best pregnancy outcome, overweight women (bmi>26 to 29) should ________.
Not gain any weight during pregnancy
Gain slightly more weight than women who begin pregnancy at a healthy weight
GAIN ABOUT 15-25 POUNDS DURING PREGNANCY
Lose at least 4 or 5 pounds during pregnancy
Answer
Correct Answer:
GAIN ABOUT 15-25 POUNDS DURING PREGNANCY
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For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for ________.
Physical activity
Basal metabolism
Thermic effect of food
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Basal metabolism
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For a food to be labeled "low fat," it must contain _____.
Less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving
25% less fat than the usual product
3 grams or less fat per serving
Less than 95 mg of cholesterol per serving
25% or less calories from fat
Answer
Correct Answer:
3 grams or less fat per serving
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Foods with natural sugars generally provide __________ compared with foods with added sugars.
Less nutrients and fewer kilocalories
More nutrients and fewer kilocalories
Bran, endosperm, and germ
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone
Answer
Correct Answer:
More nutrients and fewer kilocalories
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Foods rich in carbohydrates include all _______ foods.
Plant
Health
Unsweetened
Processed
Low-fat
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Food list (exchange) systems were originally developed for people with ____.
Diabetes
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Life-threatening obesity
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Food allergies are _______ than food intolerances, and potentially ________ .
More common; More serious
Less common; Less serious
Less common; More serious
More common; Less serious
Answer
Correct Answer:
Less common; More serious
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Comparing the following foods, a ________ is nutrient dense.
Basal metabolic rate
Lacto-ovo vegetarian
Glass of low-fat milk
Perspiration
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glass of low-fat milk
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Compared to the typical american diet, the dash diet provides _____.
More fruits and vegetables
fewer dairy products
more meat and poultry
fewer whole grains
more saturated fats
Answer
Correct Answer:
More fruits and vegetables
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Clients should learn how to separate _______ from _______ as a part of nutritional counseling.
Thoughts and emotions; eating
Carbohydrate; phosphate
Falls too low, bodily metabolism
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Thoughts and emotions; eating
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Chronic diseases are responsible for ________ of adult deaths in the u.s.
12%
50%
85%
70%
25%
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Chinese scientists demonstrated that _______ supplements could prevent keshan disease.
Zinc
Selenium
Manganese
Copper
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A relatively long cecum is characteristic of animals that are_____.
Carnivores
Herbivores
Autotrophs
Omnivores
Answer
Correct Answer:
Herbivores
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A person's customary intake of foods and beverages over time defines her or his ____.
Breakfast cereals
Eating pattern
Vitamins A and C
Adequacy
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eating pattern
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A person with prediabetes has a fasting blood glucose level of _____.
100 - 125 mg/dL
70 - 100 mg/dL
<70 mg/dL
126 - 150 mg/dL
>150 mg/dL
Answer
Correct Answer:
100 - 125 mg/dL
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A person who regularly eats a high-protein diet needs to make sure they _____.
Drink plenty of water
Drink highly acidic fruit juices
Exercise before eating protein
Get a lot of sleep
Supplement their diet with iron
Answer
Correct Answer:
Drink plenty of water
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A meat described as "prime cut" means that it ____.
has an extended shelf life
usually carries a high price
is served only in restaurants
Is higher in fat than other cuts of meat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is higher in fat than other cuts of meat
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_______ is defined as fiber that is added to foods and provides health benefits.
Dietary fiber
Functional fiber
Bulk
Crude fiber
Answer
Correct Answer:
Functional fiber
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_______ determines the interval between meals.
Appetite
Resting metabolic rate
Satiety
None of the above
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______ percent of the elderly population regularly take multiple prescription drugs.
Sixty
Thirty-five
Fifty
Twenty-five
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_________ is the body's signal that the calories consumed earlier in the day have been used up.
Hunger
Satiety
Thirst
Appetite
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____% of those on diets are women even though men are more likely to be overweight.
80-90
75-85
65-70
85-95
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_________ refers to ecchymoses and petechiae over any part of the body.
Vitiligo
Impetigo
Dermabrasion
Purpura
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The usda has _____ authority and a _____ budget than the fda.
More, bigger
More, smaller
Less, bigger
Less, smaller
Answer
Correct Answer:
More, bigger
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When adolescence ends, females have ____ as much lean body mass as males.
Twice as much body fat as males
Two-thirds as much lean body mass as males
One-tenth more boy water than males
All of the above
Both A and B
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both A and B
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The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores ________.
During the first trimester
During the second trimester
During the third trimester
At any time during development
Answer
Correct Answer:
During the third trimester
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Compared to individuals aged 19 to 50, adults over the age of 70 need _____ vitamin d.
More
Less
The same amount of
Some
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A disadvantage of using a food record is _____.
The time involved in keeping one
It increases awareness of one's food choices
The process does not rely on a person's memory
It may provide more information than is needed
Answer
Correct Answer:
It may provide more information than is needed
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A good weight loss intervention is to consume ____ calories less than usual.
250
500
425
765
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________ tends to be clear and light-bodied.
Ale
Stout
Lager
Pilsner
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Adding an acid to meat during the cooking process __________.
Speeds up the gelatinization process
Tends to slow the coagulation of its protein
Helps to dissolve some of its connective tissue
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Helps to dissolve some of its connective tissue
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Glycogen use during physical activity depends on all of these factors except _____.
How well-trained the person is
quantity of glycogen stores
duration of the activity
body weight
intensity of the activity
Answer
Correct Answer:
body weight
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Whole-grain flour contains all parts of the grain with the exception of the ____.
Bran
Husk
Germ
Endosperm
Heart
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The process whereby messenger rna is made from a dna template is ____.
Expression
Sequencing
Transcription
Ribosome assembly
Translation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transcription
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Spherical complexes of emulsified fats are known as ____.
endogenous bilayer aggregates
monolipomicrons
chylomicrons
micelles
polymerized lipids
Answer
Correct Answer:
micelles
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Newborns need about ____ calories per pound of body weight each day.
100
50
80
60
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Medications that reduce stomach acid may impair the absorption of _____.
vitamin K
glucose
vitamin C
vitamin B12
calcium.
Answer
Correct Answer:
vitamin B12
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The three primary sources of fluid for our bodies are beverages, foods, and __________.
Resveratrol
Digestion
Kidneys
Metabolism
Answer
Correct Answer:
Metabolism
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Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________.
Conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
Conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
Conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water
Formation of sugar
Answer
Correct Answer:
Conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
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When the cells of the ______ are stimulated, the desire to eat subsides.
Amylose and amylopectin
Satiety center of the brain.
Amylose and amylopectin
Strongly associated with obesity
Answer
Correct Answer:
Satiety center of the brain.
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When a fatty acid is described as being saturated, it means that it _____.
Contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms
Contains multiple double bonds in its structure between carbon atoms
Is only one of a few fatty acids normally found in the chemical environment
Contains three bonds linking each carbon atoms
Has limited chemical stability
Answer
Correct Answer:
Contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms
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Untreated gastroesophageal reflux increases the risk for the more serious condition known as ____.
Graves' disease.
Sinclair's gastrum.
Barrett's esophagus.
Zollinger-Ellison cancer.
Huntington's chorea.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Barrett's esophagus.
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Unintentional weight gain can result from the use of _____.
Antidepressant medications
Antihypertensive medications
Sedatives
Anti-nausea medications
Answer
Correct Answer:
Antidepressant medications
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Total fiber refers to the sum of ________ .
Dietary and functional fibers
Dietary and viscous fibers
Functional and viscous fibers
Insoluble fibers and starch
Starch and cellulose
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dietary and functional fibers
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To minimize hunger pangs while dieting, you should consume sufficient ____ with each meal.
Dairy
Complex carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
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The major precursor to eicosanoids in the inflammatory process is _____.
Arachidonic acid.
Aspirin, indomethacin and phenylbutazone
Erythrocytes
Heart attacks
Answer
Correct Answer:
Arachidonic acid.
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The highest concentration of ethanol is found in ________.
Simple diffusion
Distilled spirits
College students
Acetyl-CoA
Answer
Correct Answer:
Distilled spirits
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The apparent role of _________________ in prevention of birth defects is similar to that of folate.
Iodide
Potassium
Biotin
Choline
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Supplements of _____ are usually given to patients receiving the antituberculosis drug isoniazid.
Iron
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Folate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B6
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Stage _____________ nrem sleep is a transitional, light sleep a relaxed half-awake stage.
1
7
8
4
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Soluble fiber ____.
Binds to water in the digestive tract
Creates a bulkier stool
Has been shown to decrease blood cholesterol
Is found primarily in the skins of fruits
Raises blood sugar levels
Answer
Correct Answer:
Binds to water in the digestive tract
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Soil organisms usually stay __________ the soil.
Deep below the surface of
Near the middle of
Close to the surface of
Spread uniformly throughout
Answer
Correct Answer:
Close to the surface of
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Sitting on a stability ball requires the use of stabilizing core muscles such as the ____.
Internal and external obliques
The social element
Both A and B
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Internal and external obliques
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Of older people, at least _____ percent have nutrition-related health problems.
25
50
65
75
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Neural tube defects may occur when women consume too little ____ before becoming pregnant.
Iron
Calcium
Folate
Zinc
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Many experts recommend drinking ____ your weight in water.
One-fifth
One-quarter
One-third
One-half
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Lipoproteins are important for ________.
Picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other lipoproteins and the liver for disposal
Inhibit absorption of
Transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system
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If a person is suffering from gerd, the ________ is malfunctioning.
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Epiglottis
Gastroesophageal sphincter
Answer
Correct Answer:
Gastroesophageal sphincter
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Certain types of fibers and complex proteins that are degraded by gi bacteria are called ____.
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Postbiotics
Symbiotics
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prebiotics
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Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.
Bonds
Enzymes
Hormones
Lacteals
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Binge drinking for a male is defined as having _______ or more drinks on a single occasion.
2
5
10
19
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________ is the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in developed countries.
Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium botulinum
E. coli
Salmonella
Answer
Correct Answer:
Campylobacter jejuni
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When light energy hits the retina, the retinal changes from a _____ to a _____ configuration.
Circular; linear
Cis; trans
Beta; gamma
None of these answers are correct
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cis; trans
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The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer.
Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment
Rodenticide
Fungicide
High-fructose corn syrup
Answer
Correct Answer:
Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment
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A lacto-ovo vegetarian wishing to ensure a liberal intake of linolenic acid should consume ____.
Corn oil and sunflower oil
Eggs and milk
Safflower oil margarine
Canola oil and walnuts
Answer
Correct Answer:
Canola oil and walnuts
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A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in _______.
Amino acid pools
Positive nitrogen balance
Amino group
Reduce the risk for heart disease
Answer
Correct Answer:
Positive nitrogen balance
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A body mass index of 40 represents ________.
No health risk
Possible health risk
A high risk for health problems
A value that is not on the nomogram
Answer
Correct Answer:
A high risk for health problems
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A ____ excludes all animal flesh except fish.
Pescetarian
Semivegetarian
Lacto vegetarian
Vegan
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pescetarian
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____% of men with ed grew up in a family environment in which talking about sex was taboo.
80
55
90
68
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__________ are short term regulators of appetite, whereas __________ is a long-term regulator.
Leptin and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin
Peptide YY (PYY) and insulin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
Leptin and insulin; peptide YY (PYY)
Answer
Correct Answer:
Peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK); insulin
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________ metabolism supports physical activity that lasts more than 3 minutes.
Aerobic
Lactic Acid
Cardio
Fat
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A fatty acid with 10 carbons will be absorbed via the ________.
Lymphatic system
The portal system
The kidney system
None of the above are correct
Answer
Correct Answer:
The portal system
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Glycogen stores can be quickly depleted when an exerciser is on a diet that is _____.
low in carbohydrates
low in fat
high in protein
high in carbohydrates
low in protein
Answer
Correct Answer:
low in carbohydrates
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Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.
Riboflavin
Niacin
Thiamin
Vitamin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Riboflavin
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Excessive _____ in the body can cause deep deposits of "belly" or visceral fat.
Cortisol
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Oxytocin
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Excess weight, especially ____, increases cancer risk
around the waist
health education
Exercise reduces low-grade inflammation.
Answer
Correct Answer:
around the waist
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Excess intake of vitamin c may lead to_____.
Iron overload
Scurvy
Gallstones
Kidney stones
Answer
Correct Answer:
Iron overload
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Excess body weight is associated with _____risk of osteoporosis development.
Increased
Reduced
No (there is no relationship between body weight and osteoporosis development)
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Excess alcohol intake leads to a reduction in the synthesis rate of ____.
Carbohydrate
Involve the release of the energy
Liver glucose
Eating the carbohydrate snacks
Answer
Correct Answer:
Liver glucose
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Examples of _____________ fatty acids include seeds, nuts, and vegetable oils.
Omega-3
Omega-6
Omega-9
Omega-12.
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Epinephrine can stimulate ________ to quickly flood the blood with glucose.
Gluconeogenesis
Ketoacidosis
Ketosis
Glycogenolysis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glycogenolysis
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During the adult years, ____ can adversely affect the immune system.
Undernutrition
Overnutrition
Excessive iron intake
Obesity
All of these choices are correct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are correct.
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Fats and some vitamins must first enter the _____ before they find their way into the blood.
Lymphatic vessels
Liver
Bile ducts
Gallbladder
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lymphatic vessels
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Fat deposited around the internal organs is known as ________ fat.
Organic
Essential
Subcutaneous
Visceral
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Eating while drinking alcohol _______ alcohol absorption by _______ gastric emptying.
Increases; slowing down
Speeds up; increasing
Slows down; slowing down
Reduces; increasing
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reduces; increasing
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Eating disorders are not only physical they are also the result of _________.
High self-esteem
Bacterial infection
Behavioral and emotional pressures
Lack of sleep
Answer
Correct Answer:
Behavioral and emotional pressures
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During digestion, __________ are broken down into __________ through __________ reactions.
Proteins; amino acids; hydrolysis
Proteins; hydrolysis; proteins
Hydrolysis; proteins; hydrolysis
Proteins; proteins; hydrolysis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Proteins; amino acids; hydrolysis
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During digestion, _____ emulsify(ies) lipids.
Lipase activity
Bile Acids
Arachidonic acid
Linoleic acid
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bile Acids
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Drug ____ refers to a pattern of substance use resulting in negative consequences or impairment.
Misuse
Abuse
Diversion
Dependence
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Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels
Potassium
Sodium
Phosphorus
Chloride.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Potassium
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Diets lacking in carbohydrate _____.
Necessitate the conversionof amino acids to glucose
Require more fluid intake
Require less fluid intake
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Necessitate the conversionof amino acids to glucose
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Diets high in sodium have been linked to _____________ in some people.
Diabetes.
Cancer.
Hypertension.
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypertension.
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Diets high in ________ have been shown to increase blood levels of high-density lipoproteins (hdl).
Saturated fatty acids
Trans fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-6 fatty acids
Answer
Correct Answer:
Omega-3 fatty acids
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Dieting can lead to a specific type of binge eating disorder as a result of _________?
High energy
Obesity
Thin
Emotional deprivation of food
Answer
Correct Answer:
Emotional deprivation of food
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Dietary supplements have regulations that are _____strict as compared to drugs.
Less
Equally
More
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Dietary adjustments after a gastrectomy are influenced by _____.
The size of the remaining stomach.
The patient's fluid intake.
The type of surgical procedure performed.
The patient's food preferences.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The size of the remaining stomach.
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Dietary ___________ and/or ____________ can increase blood ldl concentrations.
Omega-3 fatty acids, cis fatty acids
Fiber, omega-6 fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids
Saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids
Answer
Correct Answer:
Saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids
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Deficiencies of ____ is/are of particular concern during childhood.
Calcium
Iron
Vitamin D
All of these deficiencies are of concern during childhood.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these deficiencies are of concern during childhood.
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Decreased learning capacity in childhood has been linked to exposure to ____ during fetal life.
Excessive
Calcium
Alcohol
Inadequate
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Consumption of _____ may actually decrease the risk of prostate cancer.
Boiling vegetables
Canning fruits
Tomato products
Frying fish
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tomato products
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Consuming excess amounts of the water-soluble vitamin c can lead to _______.
Scurvy
It is not possible to consume excess amounts of vitamin C
Kidney damage
Anemia
Answer
Correct Answer:
It is not possible to consume excess amounts of vitamin C
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According to lazarus, _____ may neutralize the effects of many everyday stressors.
Hassles
Money
Uplifts
Choices
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In a food chain, consumers gather energy by _______.
Consuming organisms at a lower trophic level
Consuming organisms at a higher trophic level
Decomposing dead organic matter
Absorbing sunlight directly
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consuming organisms at a lower trophic level
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Antioxidants work by ______ free radicals.
Antioxidant
Enzyme systems
Cofactors
Stabilizing
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stabilizing
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An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a ____.
randomization effect
positive correlation
Placebo effect
variable effect
negative correlation
Answer
Correct Answer:
negative correlation
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Americans spend almost _______ percent of their food budget on foods prepared away from home.
20
30
40
50
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Aerobic training _____the size and _____ the number of mitochondria in cells.
Decreases; decreases
Increases; decreases
Increases; increases
Decreases; increases
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases; increases
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A subclinical nutrient deficiency is defined as one that ____.
Shows overt signs
Is in the early stages
Shows resistance to treatment
Is similar to a secondary deficiency
Is of acute onset
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is in the early stages
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A person who assists registered dietitians has the formal title of ____.
Dietetic assistant
Nutrition assistant
Dietetic technician
Nutrition technician
Dietetic aide
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dietetic technician
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A larger person requires more alcohol to attain the same bac levels because __________.
There is a greater opportunity to urinate
There are more bodily fluids to absorb the alcohol
There is a larger liver to metabolize the alcohol
A bigger person tends to drink more in the first place
Answer
Correct Answer:
There are more bodily fluids to absorb the alcohol
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Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.
Preterm delivery
Excessive weight gain
Inadequate weight gain
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Preterm delivery
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____________________ is a macro-social factor affecting health outcomes.
Sources of meaning
Material culture
Cultural beliefs
Cultural universals
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cultural beliefs
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Carbonate rock is closely associated with ________.
Solution cavities
Exfoliation
Vesicles
Hydration
Granular disintegration
Answer
Correct Answer:
Solution cavities
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For a vegan child, calcium and _______-fortified soy milk should be substituted for cow's milk.
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B12
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Waste disposal, food source, medicines, medicinal therapies, and aquaculture are all ways _______.
Humans impact the marine environment
Humans utilize marine resources
Marine environments have impacted humans
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Compared to enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition _____.
Carries a less risk of complications
Carries a greater risk of complications
Does not have high nutrient need
Provides an accurate and steady flow rate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carries a greater risk of complications
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The ________ is/are a portion of the broad ligament that anchors the uterine tubes.
Mesosalpinx
Blastocyst
Amnion
Chorion
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mesosalpinx
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A ________ person has the highest energy expenditure at rest.
Moderately physically active
Very sedentary, overweight
Moderately sedentary
Very physically active, muscular
Answer
Correct Answer:
Very physically active, muscular
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The substrate of lipase is _______.
Bile
Fatty acids
Triglyceride
Monoglyceride
Answer
Correct Answer:
Triglyceride
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The ________________ step is where podcasting differs most dramatically from written communication.
Completing
Acronym
Forward
Social networking
Answer
Correct Answer:
Completing
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Special proteins that direct immune and inflammatory responses are known as ________ .
Cytokines
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Antigens
Neutrophils
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cytokines
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Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.
100 over 70
110 over 75
120 over 80
140 over 90.
Answer
Correct Answer:
120 over 80
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A _____ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed.
Ribosomes
Nitrogen
Carbon skeleton
Provides more energy
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbon skeleton
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Meat replacements consumed by vegans are often made of ____.
Soy
Variety
Kcalorie control
Nutrient density
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About _______ percent of collegiate female athletes have some type of disordered eating pattern.
40–50
30–40
15–30
10–25
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________ stretching may activate the stretch reflex and cause injury to muscles and tendons.
Ballistic
Dynamic
Static
Antagonistic
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ballistic
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Coping strategies can be either ________-focused or ________-focused in nature
Problem; emotion
Physiological; spiritual
Internally; externally
Distress; eustress
Answer
Correct Answer:
Problem; emotion
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Minor violations may be granted upwards of _______ days for correction.
90
165F
Mopping
None of these
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The grape varietal most used for fine wine production in the world is ___.
Vitis vinifera
Vitis labrusca
Muscadinia rotundifolia
Vitis rupestris
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitis vinifera
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Women have a greater bal than men of the same weight because women have less __________.
Muscle mass
Body fat
Blood
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Answer
Correct Answer:
Alcohol dehydrogenase
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Smoking is estimated to play a role in ______ percent of all cancer deaths.
30
40
50
60
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The typical american diet, which is _____, provides _____ the recommended intake of potassium.
consume a variety of foods
It is found with calcium in bones and teeth.
low in fruits and vegetables; less than
Circulatory; respiratory
Answer
Correct Answer:
low in fruits and vegetables; less than
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The smallest units in which independent life can exist are _____.
Mitochondria
Tissues
Cells
Genes
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The slow movement of food stuff through the _____ favors the growth of microflora.
Large intestine
Pancreas
Small intestine
Stomach
Answer
Correct Answer:
Large intestine
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The riboflavin coenzymes have _______ functions in cellular metabolism.
Poultry, meat, and fish.
Destroy vitamin C in foods.
Folate; vitamin B-12.
Oxidation and reduction
Answer
Correct Answer:
Oxidation and reduction
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The protein needs of an infant are about ___ as much per pound of body weight as adults'.
Twice
Protein
Carbohydrate
Fat
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The need for most of the vitamins _____ during adolescence.
Decreases
Remains the same
Increases
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases
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The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of ____.
Vitamin B12.
Vitamin A
Folate
Normal eating
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B12.
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Surgery for the severely obese is usually recommended only for individuals with a bmi over ______.
40
50
60
70
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Since 1983, americans' average caloric intake has increased by about _____ percent.
30
18
33
68
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Research suggests that older adults require ______ the current rda for protein for adults.
More than
Less than
The same amount as.
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
More than
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On the average, about ____ of a teenagers total daily energy intake comes from snacks.
Yogurt
One-fourth
25 and 32
Over 85
Answer
Correct Answer:
One-fourth
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On average, lean body mass decreases by _____ per decade from age 30 to 70.
30-70.
2-3%.
3-3%
2-5%..
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Of ____ amino acids commonly found in food proteins, ____ are dispensible.
11 9
24 16
20 11
20 9
No answer is correct
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Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all of the following except ________.
Sulfur and potassium
Iron and selenium
Sodium and chlorine
Calcium
Answer
Correct Answer:
Iron and selenium
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Many b vitamins function as ______, which bind to enzymes to promote their activity.
Coenzymes.
Bleeding gums
Pantothenic Acid
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Coenzymes.
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Laboratory studies suggest that diets high in _____ seem to promote cancer.
Calories.
Sugar.
Artificial sweeteners.
Calcium.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Calories.
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A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for ____.
DNA.
Ribosomes.
Mitochondria.
Electron transport chains.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Mitochondria.
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In considering the environmental influences of weight loss, it is important to remember that ____.
When offered a large assortment of foods, people tend to eat more
People tend to eat less when socializing with others
Contrary to popular behavior, the size of the plate or bowl does not influence intake
People pay more attention to how much they have eaten when others are around
The more effort needed to obtain food, the more likely food will be eaten
Answer
Correct Answer:
When offered a large assortment of foods, people tend to eat more
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In north america, the major dietary source of vitamin ______ is fortified dairy products.
A
C
D
K
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In infants, _____ tube placement may be preferred because it aids breathing.
Nasogastric
Nasoduodenal
Orogastric
Nasojejunal
Answer
Correct Answer:
Orogastric
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Over the past 50 years, rates of ______ have declined among american adults.
A study of how disease rates vary among different population groups
Death from cardiovascular disease
He science that links food to health and disease.
Dietary fiber
Answer
Correct Answer:
Death from cardiovascular disease
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One ounce of ________ provides more than three times the rda for vitamin a.
Prothrombin
Osteocalcin
Beef liver
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Beef liver
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Perishable foods should be held either below _______ f or above ______ f.
41° , 135
32, 98.
51, 75.
181, 212.
Answer
Correct Answer:
41° , 135
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Percent daily values (pdvs) represent a _______ calorie/day diet.
1,900
2,000
3,000
1,990
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People who tend to store body fat in the _________ are at increased risk for chronic disease.
Thighs
Buttocks
Abdomen
HipsAccessibility
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Peak blood alcohol concentrations occur about _____ minutes after ingestion.
20.
40.
60.
120
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The best way to achieve a desirable fiber intake is to include ____ in the diet.
Control food portion sizes.
increased consumption of fiber-rich, whole-food sources of carbohydrate.
Includes controlled portions of whole-grain foods.
Fruits, vegetables, and grains
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fruits, vegetables, and grains
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The easiest way to increase intake of oleic acid is to consume more ____.
Lard oil
Corn oil
Olive oil
Safflower oil
Tallow oil.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Olive oil
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The dri suggests a diet that provides ________ of the daily energy intake from fat.
20-35%.
Protease
Stomach
20,000
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It is recommended that honey not be given to infants because it ________.
Is high in energy
May contain Salmonella
May contain Clostridium botulinum spores
Is too sweet
Answer
Correct Answer:
May contain Clostridium botulinum spores
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It is estimated that over ____ percent of americas food goes to waste each year.
10
15
20
25
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Iron stores present at birth generally are depleted by ______ to ______ months.
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
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Ingestion of vitamin c during meals can modestly improve absorption of __________.
Beta-carotene
Nonheme iron
Vitamin B-12
Folate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nonheme iron
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In vegetarians, the rda is higher for ____.
Iron.
Folate.
Calcium.
Vitamin A.
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In the united states, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter.
Eggs
Table salt
Red meat
Fried chicken
Answer
Correct Answer:
Table salt
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In the united states, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.
Vitamin K; bleeding
Vitamin
Collagen breakdown
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin K; bleeding
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In the united states, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.
Magnesium
Calcium
Iron
SeleniumBloom's Level
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Consuming high doses of ______ can mask signs of a vitamin b-12 deficiency.
Vitamin K
Iron
Vitamin B-6
Folate
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Production of excessive amounts of acetyl coa molecules leads to the synthesis of ____.
fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids
fatty acids only
fatty acids and glucose only
fatty acids and fructose only
Answer
Correct Answer:
fatty acids only
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A person with a malformed epiglottis will have trouble _____.
Keeping fluid and food from entering the lungs
Getting enough nutrients because absorption will be affected
Keeping air out of the esophagus
Keeping air out of the esophagus and keeping fluid and food from entering the lungs
Answer
Correct Answer:
Keeping fluid and food from entering the lungs
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To achieve cardiorespiratory fitness it is recommended that training should occur ________.
3-5 days a week
More than 5 days a week
2-3 days a week
Daily
Answer
Correct Answer:
3-5 days a week
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The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, and flaxseed represent a good source of preformed ____.
Eicosanoids
Linolenic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Answer
Correct Answer:
Linolenic acid
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The nutrient that provides 4 calories per gram and gives the body energy is__________.
Carbohydrates
Fats
Calorie
Proteins
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrates
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The nutrient standards used on nutrition facts panels are called ________.
Recommended Dietary Allowances
Daily Values
Estimated Average Requirements
Dietary Reference Intakes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Daily Values
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The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates _____.
Secretion
Absorption
Filtration
Temperature regulation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Absorption
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The first destination for absorbed nutrients is the __________, transported via the __________.
Liver, hepatic portal vein
Kidneys, capillaries
Gall bladder, bile duct
Liver; digestion of lipids
Answer
Correct Answer:
Liver, hepatic portal vein
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The bodys need for _____ far surpasses that for any other nutrient.
Fat
Water
Carbohydrate
Protein. arrow
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The artificial sweetener splenda contains ________, which is a modified sucrose molecule.
Sucralose
Bile
Germ
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Sucralose
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The amdrs do not include estimates for intake of ________.
Essential fatty acids
Essential amino acids
Carbohydrate
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Essential amino acids
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The ____ provides free congregate meals in churches, schools, and senior centers.
Child and Adult Care Food Program
National School Lunch Program
Nutrition Program for the Elderly
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nutrition Program for the Elderly
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Severe fat restriction among older adults may lead to _____.
Dehydration
Nutrient deficiencies
Weight gain
Greater risk of cancer
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nutrient deficiencies
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Ranking foods according to their overall nutrient composition is known as ____.
Nutrient density
compositional profiling
Vitamin ranking
nutrient profiling
Answer
Correct Answer:
nutrient profiling
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Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs.
Vitamins
Phenylalanine
Protein
Ammonia
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Milk and milk products provide much of the ____ in peoples diets.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Vitamin C
Answer
Correct Answer:
Riboflavin
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Humans can digest a carbohydrate if the glucose bond is ________.
Type 2 diabetes
Insoluble fiber
Gluconegenesis
Increase fluids
An alpha bond
Answer
Correct Answer:
An alpha bond
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Exclusively breastfed babies need supplements of ____, but formula-fed babies do not.
low BMI before pregnancy
Blindness in infants
Fully formed facial features.
Vitamin D
Protein supplements.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin D
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During rest and light activities, fatty acids are the main fuel for _______________.
Muscles
Lipoprotein
Emulsifiers
Lipase
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Central obesity is ___.
Associated with insulin resistance
Add nutrient-dense between-meal snacks
Is repeated weight gain and loss
Cycles of binge eating and purging
Saturated fat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Associated with insulin resistance
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As a general rule of thumb, an infant should ______ her birthweight by her first birthday.
Double
Triple****
Quadruple
Weight gain in infancy is not compared to birthweight
Answer
Correct Answer:
Triple****
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An acceptable main dish for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian would be _____.
All options are correct
Stir-fried tofu and vegetables over brown rice
A cheese and broccoli omelet
Baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach, and tomato sauc
Answer
Correct Answer:
All options are correct
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Alkalosis causes increased protein binding of ionized ____, which results in tetany.
Calcium
Selenium
Iron
Thyroid
Fluoride
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Added sugar should be less than _________% of the total carbohydrate of a food item.
10%
30%
50%
None of this
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According to the fda, products labeled gluten-free must contain less than _______ of gluten.
20 milligrams
Enriched.
An FDA
Empty calories.
Answer
Correct Answer:
20 milligrams
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According to myplate, a mini bagel would represent _____ ounce(s) from the grains group.
5
1
A moderate intake is 1 or fewer servings per day for women.
Nutrient dense.
Vegetable
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A pregnant woman needs about _____ grams of protein per day above prepregnancy needs.
25-35
340
Reduce the quantity of breastmilk
25
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A person will typically expend _____% of their daily energy budget on basal metabolism.
50-65
50-90
50-60
60-70
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A factor that can decrease bmr is ________.
Eliminating favorite foods from one's diet
250 calories
Fad diet.
Consuming a low-energy diet
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consuming a low-energy diet
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__________is an empty calorie food that some people call liquid candy.
Soda
Water
Calorie
Gatorade
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Excess kilocalorie intake ______ the rate of body breakdown associated with aging.
Increases
Decreases
Does not affect
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases
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The major component of breast milk is _____, while the second largest component is _____.
Water,lipids
Diarrhea
Vitamin k
Lactose
Answer
Correct Answer:
Water,lipids
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The disease phenylketonuria is related chiefly to abnormal metabolism of ____.
Digested by gastrointestinal proteases
Number of different amino acids
Blood
a certain amino acid
Answer
Correct Answer:
a certain amino acid
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The digestibility of most animal proteins is ________ .
60 - 70%
70 - 80%
Less than 60%
90 - 99%
80 - 90%
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Visceral fat is stored chiefly ____.
Within the liver and spleen
In shallow deposits above muscles
around the thighs and neck
Around the abdominal organs
Within subcutaneous adipocytes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Around the abdominal organs
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The original food label must present the "% daily value" for vitamins _____.
A and D
A and C
C and E
D and E
A and E
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Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes too much ________ from supplements.
Potassium
Selenium
Calcium
Sodium
Answer
Correct Answer:
Potassium
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You would expect leptin deficient mice to be __________.
Have normal appetite and body mass
Obese and overeating
Same as ghrelin-deficient mice
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Obese and overeating
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When nad+ is ________ it becomes nadh. when nadh is ________ it becomes nad+.
Phosphorylated; deaminated
Reduced; oxidized
Made; recycled
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reduced; oxidized
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Gordon allport believed that healthy, well-adjusted individuals _____.
Show a positive but objective sense of self and others, and have a sense of humor, common sense, and a unifying philosophy of life
Self-help groups
Mood-stabilizing
None of this
Answer
Correct Answer:
None of this
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It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________.
Its protein content is too high.
12 months
BMI-for-age drops below the 5th percentile
Answer
Correct Answer:
12 months
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Women need ________% essential fat for reproductive system-related fat deposits.
3
18
12
6
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At a healthy weight of 176 lbs brian meets his rda for protein by eating _____ grams of protein.
20
36
64
Nitrogen
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The ____ option in the tab order dialog box allows a tab order of left-to-right or top-to-bottom.
Multiple Items
Auto Order
Control Wizard
Name Property
Answer
Correct Answer:
Auto Order
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Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of ____.
Double bonds
Oxygen atoms
Saccharide units
Peptide linkages
Amino acids
Answer
Correct Answer:
Double bonds
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Your ________ cells and red blood cells rely on glucose for energy.
Basal
Skin
Cone
Brain
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When consumption of __________is insufficient, vitamin a absorption is decreased.
Water
Fat
Carbohydrate
Protein
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____% of skeletal mass is acquired during puberty and adolescence.
58
Lower; lower
6.0
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A major feature of the mediterranean diet is liberal intake of ____.
lean meat
eggs
olive oil
cheese
Fortified butter
Answer
Correct Answer:
olive oil
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Fat secretes hormones that can cause low-grade chronic _____.
Visceral
Satiety
3500kcal
3,000 kcal
Inflammation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inflammation
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An immediate consequence of a cellular deficiency of oxaloacetate is a slowing of ____.
Lactate synthesis
Glycolysis
Ketone formation
The TCA cycle
Protein excretion
Answer
Correct Answer:
The TCA cycle
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An infant's length will increase by ______ percent in the first year.
18 Months
50
K
Iron-fortified cereals
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Fluids should be consumed _________ an athletic event.
Before
During
After
All of these choices are correct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are correct.
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The dri for total carbohydrates for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.
50
75
100
130
200
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An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may ________.
Decrease risk of diabetes
Lower blood lipid levels.
Decrease risk of certain cancers ...
All the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All the above
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Among humans, increased interest in food intake normally occurs _____.
These animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients
Calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals
Ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination
Via chemical signals released when the stomach is empty
Answer
Correct Answer:
Via chemical signals released when the stomach is empty
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All pregnant women need generous amounts of _____ to spare their protein and to provide energy.
Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
Calories.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrates
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After puberty, a boy of healthy weight typically levels off at ________ percent body fat.
Stimulus control
15 percent
18.5 to 25 range
10 to 12 percent
Answer
Correct Answer:
15 percent
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After a meal, proteins help increase ________ more than do either carbohydrates or fat.
Satiety.
Peptide bond
Nonessential
Protein
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Adequate folate intake for neural tube development is especially important in the ______ trimester.
First
Second
Third
None of these
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A vegan diet may be low in ________.
The lack of an immune response to foreign substances entering the body
Only foods from plant sources
Sparing glucose for energy use
Vitamin B-12 iron calcium *All of these choices are correct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B-12 iron calcium *All of these choices are correct.
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A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that ________.
Lower
Consuming a low-energy diet
Is stored as fat in adipose tissue
Enables a person to store fat readily
Answer
Correct Answer:
Enables a person to store fat readily
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The first dietary objective in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is to ____.
Stop weight loss
Decrease fat intake
Antioxidant.
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Antioxidant.
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The typical american diet contains approximately ______ milligrams of sodium.
2300 to 5700.
2,300-4,700
2400 to 4700
2,800-4,900.
Answer
Correct Answer:
2,300-4,700
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Approximately ________ of all americans report limitations due to chronic back conditions.
30 percent
20 percent
50 percent
70 percent
Answer
Correct Answer:
30 percent
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__________ is needed in the body to make vitamin d, bile acids, and cortisol.
Cholesterol
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Lipase.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cholesterol
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Megadoses of a form of ____ may be used to reduce elevated ldl cholesterol levels.
Nicotinic acid.
Diarrhea.
White potato
Beta-carotene
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nicotinic acid.
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The monosaccharides important in nutrition are fructose, glucose, and _______________.
Aspartame
Galactose
Glucose
Black beans
Answer
Correct Answer:
Galactose
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In _____ conditions, the cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting.
Hypertonic.
Hypotonic.
Isotonic.
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypotonic.
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Taking vitamin e supplements along with ________ can cause uncontrollable bleeding.
Antidepressants
Anticoagulants
Cholesterol-lowering medications
Oral contraceptives
Answer
Correct Answer:
Anticoagulants
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During the postabsorptive state, ________ stimulate(s) lipid catabolism.
Glucocorticoids
Ketoacidosis
Energetics
Heat
Insulin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glucocorticoids
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Glycogen depletion occurs after about _____ hour(s) of vigorous activity.
One
Two
Three
Four.
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An excess of vitamin _____ can result in hardening of blood vessels due to excess blood calcium.
B12
D
A
B6
C
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The chief contributors of saturated fatty acids in the u.s. diet include ________.
Whole grains
Sunflower, soybean, and safflower oils
Lecithins
Animal products
Answer
Correct Answer:
Animal products
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The _____ system eliminates the majority of nitrogen-containing metabolic waste products.
Fat diet
Binary
Urinary
Ribosomes
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A classic symptom of severe kwashiorkor is ________ of the legs, feet, and stomach.
Edema.
Breast cancer.
Collagen
Lipoprotein
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Doses of a nutrient that are ______ or more times the recommended amount are called megadoses.
2
10
25
100.
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The body's total daily energy expenditure includes ________.
Basal metabolic rate,thermal effect of food,and effects of physical activity
Basal metabolic rate,height,and weight
Body mass index,food intake,and number of hours a person sleeps
None of these choices are correct
Answer
Correct Answer:
Basal metabolic rate,thermal effect of food,and effects of physical activity
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The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is ________.
Your exercise pattern
What you had for breakfast
Your lean body mass
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Your lean body mass
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The b vitamins act as ________, helping numerous enzymes produce reactions in your cells.
Animal cells
Plant cells
Archaea
Co enzymes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Co enzymes
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Sue's prepregnancy bmi is 38. her weight-gain goal should be ______ pounds.
25 to 35
11 to 20
28 to 40
2 to 4
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A diet high in ________ and low in calcium may lead to osteoporosis.
Pepsin
Protein
Peptide bond
Proteins
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The way a chef prepares a food dish affects __________.
How many nutrients are actually in a dish
The number of calories in a dish
The amount of dressing and garnish on a dish
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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A six-year-old child needs approximately _____ calories a day.
850
1000
300
1600.
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When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly________.
Ketone bodies
Ammonia
Acetyl CoA
Urea
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When increasing fiber intake, always ________.
Take a fiber supplement
Increase fluids
Use simple carbohydrates
Increase protein intake also.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Take a fiber supplement
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When eating a high-fiber diet, one should ______ fluid intake.
Margarine
Increase
Lactose
Insulin
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Vitamins provide ____ kcalories per gram.
Zero
4
7
9
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Vitamin c helps the body absorb ________ from plant foods such as grains and cereals.
Calories
Protein
Calcium
Iron.
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Treatment for reactive hypoglycemia includes ________.
Following a high protein, high fat diet
Administering insulin before a meal.
Eating regular meals and snacks of protein and complex carbohydrates and avoiding excess simple sugar.
Taking supplements of vitamins and minerals.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eating regular meals and snacks of protein and complex carbohydrates and avoiding excess simple sugar.
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To improve flexibility, do __________ repetition(s) of each stretch.
Dynamic
2-4.
90 seconds.
6-4.
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The primary reason elderly people should decrease their caloric intake is that ________.
Muscle mass and metabolism decline with age
Their appetite begins to diminish
They have a higher metabolic rate and do not need large amounts of food
They spend most of the day at rest, and their food will quickly turn to fat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Muscle mass and metabolism decline with age
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The glycemic index of foods is ____.
is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
a fiber that escapes digestion in the small intestine
a way of ranking foods according to their potential to increase blood glucose
one glucose and one fructose unit
Answer
Correct Answer:
is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
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Short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown are called ____.
Sucrose
Lignins
Pectins
Dextrins.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dextrins.
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Requirements for ______ increase by 50% during pregnancy.
Folate
Iron
Vitamin D
Pantothenic acid
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Postmenopausal bone loss occurs in women for about _____ after the menstrual cycle stops.
5 years
Sodium
Decrease
Cells
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Pellagra is a ____ deficiency disease
Scurvy
Milk
Yellow skin
Niacin
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Optimal nutrition is important even before conception in order to __________.
Previous macrosomic baby
The first trimester
Nursing bottle tooth decay
Develop healthy sperm and egg cells
Answer
Correct Answer:
The first trimester
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Meats fish poultry and eggs are sources of ___________ protein
Incomplete
Complete
All of these
White flour
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Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
Lipid synthesis.
Cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis.
Intracellular digestion.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intracellular digestion.
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Low levels of body fat decrease ______ fertility.
Congenital hypothyroidism.
Fat increases
Second and third
20-35 years old.
Both male or female
Answer
Correct Answer:
Both male or female
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Low blood glucose is called ____________, whereas high blood glucose is called ____________.
Maltose, sucrose, and lactose
Many glucose molecules
Glucose
Hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia
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It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about _____ months.
Four
Six
Five
Three
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Infants require approximately ______ of fluid per day.
1 pint.
1 quart.
3 cups.
8 cups.
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In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state.
Oxaloacetic acid.
Glyceraldehyde.
Pyruvic acid
Non of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Oxaloacetic acid.
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For absorption, fat-soluble vitamins are packed into _____ and transported into the _____.
Chylomicrons; lymph
LDLs; lymph
LDLs; blood
Vessels VLDLs; lymph
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chylomicrons; lymph
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Foods that have had nutrients added to them are designated as ________ foods.
Free Radicals
Coenzymes
Vitamin C
Collagen
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin C
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Excess fat _____ represents a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body.
Central abdominal area.
The heart
Ketosis
Atheletes and pregnant women
Answer
Correct Answer:
Central abdominal area.
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Compared to whole grain products, refined grains are ______ in trace minerals
Urine.
Pellagra
Lower
Milk
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Cells that are deficient in vitamin a become hard and dry because they produce _______, a protein.
Retinal
Opsin
Keratin
Xerophthin.
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Bottled water is often lower in _______________ than municipal tap water.
Iron
Liver
Fluoride
FDA
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Both fat and ________ are important sources of stored energy.
Endosperm
Raisins
Insulin
Glycogen
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As compared to an adult, the percentage of calories from fat is _______ for an adolescent.
Decrease
Parasites
Irradiation
The same as
Answer
Correct Answer:
The same as
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A food that has a high glycemic index (gi) produces a ____.
A frustose-sweetened sports beverage
Beans and legumes.
Rapid rise in both blood glucose and insulin concentrations.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Rapid rise in both blood glucose and insulin concentrations.
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________ replacement after menopause greatly reduces bone loss in women.
Calcium
Calcitriol.
Estrogen
Calcitonin
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High-density lipoproteins function in lipid transport by ________.
Inhibit absorption of "bad" cholesterol
Picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other
Transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system
Increase cholesterol deposited in arteries
Answer
Correct Answer:
Picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other
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Women absorb 30-35% more ethanol directly from the stomach than men because women ________.
Both the brain to reduce alcohol cravings and the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach
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Food energy is commonly expressed in kcalories and in ____.
Kilojoules
Funcional
Validity
Ethnic
Fats
Answer
Correct Answer:
Kilojoules
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A mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi can be determined experimentally by _____.
AMF provide key nutrients to tree, grass, and shrub roots in exchange for sugar
An increase in labeled carbon in fungi
Fungi benefit by receiving carbon from the plant, while the plant receives phosphorus and nitrogen from the fungi.
The trees may take up the nitrate directly into their roots and rely less on the fungi.
Answer
Correct Answer:
An increase in labeled carbon in fungi
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A person's risk of _____ increases as his or her bmi is 30 or more.
Cardiovascular
Body mass index
Growing older
Type 2 diabetes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Type 2 diabetes
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A meal, such as the one depicted in this visual, should be consumed ____ before the competition.
30-45 minutes
60-90 minutes
2-4 hours
Answer
Correct Answer:
2-4 hours
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The amount of ________ produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining bmr.
ADH
Thyroxine
Norepinephrine
Prolactin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Thyroxine
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Once absorbed, the majority of glucose is transported to ________.
The liver
Brain cells
Muscle tissue
The pancreas
Answer
Correct Answer:
The liver
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A very fast, bouncing type of stretch that can cause injury is ________ stretching
Ballistic
Visceral
Size
Mindless
Answer
Correct Answer:
Ballistic
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Those substances on the _____ are not subject to food additive regulation.
Delaney List
GRAS list
MAP list
Food Additives Amendment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
GRAS list
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In canning, the target heat treatment is considered the _____ reduction of clostridium botulinum
12-D.
Potassium
Vitamin D
Added Sugars
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Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________.
Fusion
Diffusion
Emulsion
Effusion
Answer
Correct Answer:
Diffusion
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A diet designed to reduce elevated serum ldl cholesterol levels ________.
Is low in saturated fats
Is reduced in dietary cholesterol
Provides adequate amounts of soluble fiber
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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Dha is made from ____ fatty acids while ara is made from _____ fatty acids.
Omega 3, omega 6.
Both reduces milk output and causes babies to have disrupted sleep patterns.
Only blurred vision and headaches.
All of these are effects of iron deficiency
Answer
Correct Answer:
Omega 3, omega 6.
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Deficiency of _____ is of particular concern with chronic alcohol consumption.
Higher than
Thiamin
The same as
The absence of disease.
Increases
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Chylomicrons transport dietary fats to ___________ through the blood.
Muscle and adipose cells
Cholesterol
Hemorrhoids
Thinning enamel
Answer
Correct Answer:
Muscle and adipose cells
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An eating pattern of foods high in ____ is associated with being overweight.
Energy density
Underweight
Underweight
Hunger
Answer
Correct Answer:
Energy density
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Alcohol is metabolized by the_________.
Small intestine -
Kidneys -
Liver -
Bladder.
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Adult energy needs typically _______ with age.
Decrease
Large fish
The same as
Increases HDL
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A woman of normal weight may have, on the average, _____ percent of the body weight as fat.
3500
15
20
35
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When each carbon is bonded with two hydrogen atoms, the chain is ___ with hydrogen.
Saturated
Unsaturated
Emulsifier
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Saturated
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When a nerve cell is stimulated, the cell membrane becomes ______ permeable to _______.
More, sodium
Less, sodium
Sodium, potassium
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
More, sodium
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The primary role of the b vitamins is to ____.
Act as coenzymes in energy metabolism and many other metabolic reactions
Act as enzymes in energy metabolism and many other metabolic reactions
Act as macronutrients in energy metabolism and many other metabolic reactions
Act as nutrients in energy metabolism and many other metabolic reactions
Answer
Correct Answer:
Act as coenzymes in energy metabolism and many other metabolic reactions
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The essential nutrients for proper human nutrition include _____
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Other minerals
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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The acidity of gastric juice registers ________ on the ph scale.
Below 2
Above 6
At 5
None of these
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The absorption of the majority of ingested nutrients takes place largely in the __________.
Small intestine
Large intestine
Both a & b
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Small intestine
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The ________ converts galactose and fructose to glucose.
Kidney
Liver
Heart
Stomach
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Storage forms of glucose in living things include _____.
Glycogen and starch
Maltose and sucrose
Fibers and disaccharides
Fats and lactose
Phytates and viscous fibers
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glycogen and starch
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Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.
Unsaturated
Saturated
Polyunsaturated
Monounsaturated
Answer
Correct Answer:
Saturated
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Proteins can be denatured by all of the following except _____.
Mercury
Stomach acid
Heat
Freezing
Radiation
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Pectin from fruit is an example of a ________ fiber.
Soluble
Epinephrine
Amylase
Legums
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Of the following, the food richest in phosphorus is ___.
Fruits
Nuts
Milk
Potato
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Monosaccharides __________, and polysaccharides __________.
Are single monomer units; are made of many monosaccharides chained together
Goes to the liver; where it's converted into pyruvic acid
Are safe; and have been thoroughly tested on human subjects
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are single monomer units; are made of many monosaccharides chained together
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Lipids are transported via the __________ because they are __________.
Lymphatic system; fat soluble
Liver; hepatic portal vein
Fat soluble; lymphatic system
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lymphatic system; fat soluble
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Ketonuria usually indicates abnormal metabolic processes that may be due to ________.
Hepatitis or other liver pathologies
Obesity and gross overeating
A transfusion reaction
Diets very low in carbohydrates
Answer
Correct Answer:
Diets very low in carbohydrates
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In the absence of carbohydrate, ________ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat.
Amyloses
Amylases
Ketones
Bacteria
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In general, food guides do not group _____ with diary foods.
Pudding made with 1% milk
Fat-free yogurt
Unsalted butter
American cheese
Answer
Correct Answer:
Unsalted butter
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Humans are dependent on _______ for their food supply.
Water
Biomass
Fossil fuels
Timbe
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Glucose is absorbed via ______ absorption.
Passive
Facilitated
Active
Participatory
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Fat soluble vitamins require _____ and _____ for absorption into the mucosal cell.
Bile and lymph
Lymph and dietary fat
Lymph and chylomicrons
Bile and dietary fat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bile and dietary fat
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Ample amounts of carbohydrates are almost always found in ____.
Plant foods
Health foods
Animal products
Protein-rich foods
Low fat foods
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plant foods
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Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids.
Essential
Nonessential
Saturated
Trans
Answer
Correct Answer:
Essential
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_____ are absorbed by the small intestine and are then transported into the blood.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Water makes up about ________ of an adult's body weight.
50%
60%
70%
80%
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To get energy from stored glycogen, the body must first convert the glycogen into _____.
Glucose
Protein
Glycerine
None of the above
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Proteases digest _____, a nutrient found in foods.
Protein
Suppliments
Glycerine
None of the above
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Nutrient processing is a ____ process
Metabolic
Generative
Responsive
Control
Answer
Correct Answer:
Metabolic
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In a municipal wastewater treatment plant, the primary treatment step includes ________.
Chlorinating the sewage
Stirring the sewage to increase oxidation
Adding bacteria to the sewage
Micro-filtering the sewage
Letting sewage sit in large settling tanks so suspended solids settle out
Answer
Correct Answer:
Letting sewage sit in large settling tanks so suspended solids settle out
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Four is to nucleic acids as ___________ is to proteins.
Sugars; lipids
Amino acids; hydrogen bonds
Sugars; proteins
Amino acids; nucleotides
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amino acids; nucleotides
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Chylomicrons are synthesized within the ____.
Lymphatic system
Spleen
Intestinal cells
Liver
Storage compartment of plant seed
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intestinal cells
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Certain types of fibers and other food components that are degraded by gi bacteria are called ____.
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Postbiotics
Symbiotics
Abiotics
Answer
Correct Answer:
Prebiotics
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An example of a protein with quaternary polypeptide structures is ____.
hemoglobin
Homoglobin
Both a and b
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
hemoglobin
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Absorption of _____ requires the presence of intrinsic factor.
Vitamin B12
Iron
Sodium
Vitamin E
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B12
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Minerals are __________, whereas vitamins are __________.
Micronutrients; macronutrients
Water-soluble elements; lipid-soluble compounds
Inorganic elements; organic compounds
Inessential nutrients; essential nutrients
Incomplete nutrients; complete nutrients
Answer
Correct Answer:
Inorganic elements; organic compounds
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Some food guides classify _____ as oils.
Hard-cooked eggs
Vanilla ice cream
Whole milk
Fatty fish
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fatty fish
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The food and nutrition service is part of _____.
The Department of Labor
The Department of Commerce
The Department of Education
The Department of Agriculture
Answer
Correct Answer:
The Department of Agriculture
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Foods from most plant sources supply _______________ proteins.
Complete
Essential
Nonessential
Incomplete
Answer
Correct Answer:
Incomplete
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Moderate intensity physical activity is characterized by _____.
Walking speed of 3 to 4 mph
Walking speed of 5 to 6 mph
Walking speed of 2 to 3 mph
Walking speed of 6 to 7 mph
Answer
Correct Answer:
Walking speed of 3 to 4 mph
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Two types of protein in the body are _____ protein and _____ protein.
Complete, incomplete
Animal, vegetable
Dispensable, indispensable
Tissue, plasma
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tissue, plasma
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Throughout the adolescent years, both males and females gain about ____% of their adult height.
5
15
25
35
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The tangled shape of a polypeptide is its ________ structure, which gives it maximum stability.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Denaturalized
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The purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to ____.
Raise the pH of chime
Lower the pH of chime
Hydrolyze large peptides
Increase peristalsis
Reduce risk of vomiting
Answer
Correct Answer:
Raise the pH of chime
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The process of messenger rna being made from a template of dna is known as _____.
Transcription
Cheese
Denaturation
Energy malnutrition
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transcription
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The more ____ the body produces, the more you want to eat.
Insulin
Ghrelin
Leptin
Peptin
Glycogen
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The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is called ____.
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Gluconeogenesis
Homeostasis
Phosphorylation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydrolysis
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The body stores excess energy from food as _____.
HDL
Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Cholesterol
Chylomicrons
Answer
Correct Answer:
Triglycerides
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The ________ includes the upper layer of the brain, and the _________ lie(s) below it.
Cerebral cortex; subcortical levels
Lateralization; bone
Thinking; reasoning
Androgen; brain
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cerebral cortex; subcortical levels
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Taste buds ____.
React only with particles in solution
Are located throughout the oral cavity
Produce amylase but not pepsin or lipase
Can individually sense only one of the basic taste sensations at a time
Are located only on the tip of the tongue
Answer
Correct Answer:
React only with particles in solution
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Plaques are made of deposits of a class of protein called _____.
Beta-amyloid
Combined type
Speech sound disorder
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Beta-amyloid
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Peristalsis and segmentation both occur as a result of ________ contractions.
Muscular
Peristalsis
Pancreas
None of these
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On average, women need ______ grams of fiber per day and men need ______ grams of fiber per day.
25 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men
15 g/day for women; 28 g/day for men
15 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men
25 g/day for women; 28 g/day for men
Answer
Correct Answer:
25 g/day for women; 38 g/day for men
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Myplate was created to __________.
To encourage Americans to eat the same quantity of food across the different food groups
To be a visual tool for understanding a healthy diet
To help Americans measure the amount of fat in their bodies
To provide a reference for evaluating different types of cuisine
Answer
Correct Answer:
To be a visual tool for understanding a healthy diet
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Fats should constitute ________% of daily caloric intake.
10-20
15-17
20-35
40-55
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Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group.
Dairy
Fruits
Grains.
Protein.
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The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.
Esophageal sphincter.
Large intestine.
Lower stomach
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Large intestine.
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Sucralose (splenda?) is ______ times sweeter than sucrose.
100
600
500
250.
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Protein supplies approximately __________ percent of a human's typical energy needs.
5.
15.
20
25
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Phytic acid and oxalic acid ________ the absorption of dietary iron.
Increases.
Decreases.
Remains unchanged.
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decreases.
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Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in _____.
Weight gain due to increased fat intake
Possible toxicity, due to an accumulation in the body
Accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections
A non-observable condition, because they are excreted
Answer
Correct Answer:
Possible toxicity, due to an accumulation in the body
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Muscles store ____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles.
Fatty acids.
ATP
Glycogen.
Alanine
Answer
Correct Answer:
Glycogen.
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Marcia's bmi is 24.2. based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.
Healthy
Extremely obese
Overweight
Underweight.
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Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include _____ intakes.
Low calcium.
Low protein.
High niacin.
High iron
Answer
Correct Answer:
Low calcium.
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It is estimated that obesity kills more than ____________ americans a year.
20,000
50,000
150,000
200,000
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High doses of nutrient supplements have been found to _____ cancers.
Cardiovascular diseases.
Lung
Increase risk for certain
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increase risk for certain
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Cooking an egg destroys its physiological property by ________.
Denaturation
Emulsification
Esterification
Detoxification.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Denaturation
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April wants to add _____ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.
Walnuts
Orange slices
Cheddar cheese
Whole-grain bread cubes
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A diet that provides 75 g protein per day can contribute __________ mg niacin from tryptophan.
25.
7.5.
12.5.
<5
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_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.
Intracellular
Subcutaneous
Visceral
Cellulite
Answer
Correct Answer:
Subcutaneous
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____ can be metabolized for atp production.
Iron
Glucose
Magnesium
Vitamin C
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Insufficient intake of iron will first affect the body's ________ levels.
Ferritin
Hephaestin
Hemoglobin
Transferrin
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In general, non-exercise activity thermogenesis varies _____ between adult individuals.
Minimally
Moderately
Tremendously
Not at all
Answer
Correct Answer:
Tremendously
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Cholesterol, though it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________.
Is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones
Helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs
Enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered
Helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones
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A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kilocalories, which is the same as _____ calories.
16,000
160,000
1600
1.6
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A characteristic of a favorable pregnancy outcome is ________.
A gestation period longer than 37 weeks
A live, healthy infant
An infant who weighs at least 5.5 pounds
All of these are characteristics of a successful pregnancy
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these are characteristics of a successful pregnancy
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A 20-ounce bottle of a typical soft drink contains ________ teaspoons of sugar.
6
10
14
17
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It is more energetically efficient for us to eat more ________.
Plant-based foods,
GM foods,
Foods grown using IPM methods,
Carnivorous animals like
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plant-based foods,
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Mixing alcohol and __________ is a common method of intended and unintended suicides.
Marijuana
Barbiturates
Antibiotics
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Barbiturates
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The typical american eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s.
Meat
Vegetables
Grains
Fruits
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The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day.
5% to 10%
11% to 15%
16% to 20%
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
5% to 10%
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The semi-starvation of anorexia nervosa results in many physiological changes, such as ________.
Lanugo.
Iron-deficiency anemia.
Dry, scaly, cold skin.
All of these choices are accurate.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are accurate.
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The parasite ___________ can be spread in water supplies, water parks, and community swimming pools
Hepatitis A
Yersinia enterocolitica
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cryptosporidium
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The kcalorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ___ of energy consumed.
1% to 2%
5% to 10%
15% to 20%
20% to 25%
Answer
Correct Answer:
5% to 10%
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The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
Vitamin k
Riboflavin
Thiamin
Vitamin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin k
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The disadvantage of anaerobic glycolysis in high-intensity muscle contractions is that ________.
The heart muscle
ATP production cannot be sustained for long events
The production of excessive amounts of CO2 and H2O interferes with exercise
ATP is needed for digestion
Answer
Correct Answer:
ATP production cannot be sustained for long events
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The body?s need for _____ far surpasses that for any other nutrient.
Water.
Protein.
Vitamins
Carbohydrate
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The basic framework for muscles, bones, blood, hair, and fingernails is formed by ____.
Fat
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Minerals
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Snacks provide about _____ of the average teenager?s total daily food energy intake.
1/3
1/4
2/3
3/4.
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Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include ________.
Adequate essential amino acids
Adequate fat calories to provide adequate ATP formation
Excessive amounts of protein in the diet
Ammonia combining with oxygen to form urea
Answer
Correct Answer:
Excessive amounts of protein in the diet
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Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of ________.
Loss of body fat as insulation
Lack of appropriate clothing as the person tries to show off his/her extreme thinness
Increased synthesis of thyroid hormone
Wearing baggy clothes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Loss of body fat as insulation
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________ limits the amount of food that can be consumed.
Adjustable gastric banding
Alli
Gastric bypass
Liposuction
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adjustable gastric banding
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Trans fats ____.
Are formed when margarine is hydrogenated
Created when oils become rancid
Omitted on food labels
Naturallyfound in legumes and some nuts
Unsaturated fatty acids with hydrogen atoms attached on the same side of the points of unsaturation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are formed when margarine is hydrogenated
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The effective chemical digestion of protein in the stomach requires a/an ____ environment?
Acidic
Basic
Both
None of these
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____ provide(s) the information for the assembly of amino acids into a particular protein.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Both
None
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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Ninety-five percent of the fat we consume is in the form of _____.
Lecithin
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Emulsifiers
Answer
Correct Answer:
Triglycerides
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When blood is cooler than the hypothalamic set point, the person may ________.
Pant
Shiver
Perspire heavily
Exhibit vasodilation of skin vessels
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The recommended distribution range of fat intake is _____ for 1- to 3-year-olds than for adults.
Higher
Dependent upon whether the child was breastfed or not
Lower
The same
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The major building blocks of body tissue are supplied by foods containing ___________.
Protein
Glucose
Gelatin
Carbohydrates
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The iron containing protein found in the muscle is called _____.
Myoglobin
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Answer
Correct Answer:
Myoglobin
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The distinctive spiral shape of a protein is known as its ________ structure.
Quaternary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary
Answer
Correct Answer:
Secondary
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The breakdown of dietary carbohydrates releases _____kcal/g of energy.
3
4
6
9
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The action of hydrochloric acid in the stomach on protein results in ________ .
Condensation
Increased alkalinity
Decreased enzyme activity
Secretion of amylase
Denaturation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Denaturation
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Kyle has a body mass index (bmi) of 27. he is considered _____.
Overweight
Healthy weight
Underweight
Answer
Correct Answer:
Overweight
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In metabolism, glucose is degraded to co2 and water. the carbon dioxide is produced in ________.
The red blood cells.
The citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis.
The electron transport chain
Answer
Correct Answer:
The citric acid cycle.
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Dna-coded instructions for protein synthesis consist of a sequence of ___ nucleotides per unit.
1
2
3
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All of the following are considered to be part of basal metabolism except ________.
Walking up stairs
The red blood cells.
The citric acid cycle.
Glycolysis
Answer
Correct Answer:
Walking up stairs
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A healthy level of body fat for a young adult female is _____ than that of a young adult male.
Greater than
Less than
No different than
Answer
Correct Answer:
Greater than
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A healthy infant's birthweight doubles by about ________ months of age.
Three
Four
Five
Six
Twelve
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_____ is an ideal form of stored energy.
Fat
PYY
Leptin
Glucose
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When food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ______ from the pancreas.
Bicarbonate
PYY
Leptin
Glucose
Answer
Correct Answer:
Bicarbonate
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The intrinsic factor, a protein in the stomach, promotes the absorption of ___.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Calcium
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin B12
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A substance with fiber in it is often a _____ .
Complete protein
Incomplete protein
Complex carbohydrate
Simple sugar
Fat
Answer
Correct Answer:
Complex carbohydrate
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A liter of perspiration lost by the body represents ____ kilocalories.
200
400
600
800
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A food label that claims to be low sodium has _____ or less sodium per serving.
5 mg
140 mg
25 percent
35 mg
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______ is a condition characterized by chronic high blood pressure.
Behavioral
Hyperplasia
Hypertension
All of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hypertension
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_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.
Bariatric
Visceral
Cellulite
Subcutaneous
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Once absorbed, the monosaccharides are all converted to ________ by the liver.
Glucose
Gallbladder.
Salivary glands.
Pancreas
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Much of the galactose in our diet is found in ________.
Dairy products
Whole-grain oats
Monosaccharides
Diverticula
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dairy products
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Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme form of the vitamin ________.
Vitamin A
Riboflavin
Chicken
Gains
Answer
Correct Answer:
Riboflavin
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Deidre is 5 feet 4 inches tall and her weight is 135 pounds. her bmi is closest to _____ kg/m2.
19
23
26
29
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All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____.
Heart
Liver
Kidneys
Colon
Lymph
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The acidity of the body's fluids is determined by the concentration of ________ ions.
Hydrogren
Halibut
Renin
Legumes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydrogren
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People on a low-fat diet may not be getting enough ___.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin E
Folate
Vitamin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin E
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With moderate physical activity, the person need to add ______ calories/day more.
100
150
250
300
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A starving person would be in ________ nitrogen balance.
Negative
Positive
Equal
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A chronic deficiency of thiamin can cause _____.
Beriberi
Progression
Vitamin B6
Vitamin D
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______ are mostly stored in the liver and adipose tissue.
B-vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins
Ditamin
Answer
Correct Answer:
Fat-soluble vitamins
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_______is the major symptom of vitamin k deficiency.
Abnormal blood coagulation
Anemia
Night blindness
Rickets
Answer
Correct Answer:
Abnormal blood coagulation
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He doesn't make __________ mistakes in math.
Many
Why
More
None of the above
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Anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called ____ as a by-product.
Urea
Lactate
Uric acid
Amino acid
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Aerobic exercise is considered to be at an intensity of _______ % of maximum heart rate.
10-30%
40-70%
60-85%
90-100
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As the intensity of exercise increases, the proportion of ______ used to fuel activity increases.
Thiamin
Carbohydrates
Increases.
Fat
Protein
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrates
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Digestion in the small intestine is facilitated by secretions from the _____ and _____.
Hydrolysis
Pancreas, gallbladder
Mechanoreceptors
Cleft palate
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pancreas, gallbladder
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One of the characteristics of modified diets is _____.
They are not included in a diet manual.
They are always the same regardless of patient preferences.
They are altered in consistency or nutrient content.
They include all foods
Answer
Correct Answer:
They are altered in consistency or nutrient content.
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We do not have the enzymes to digest ________.
Cellulose
Glucose
Lypase
Answer
Correct Answer:
Cellulose
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Vitamin ______ can be produced in the skin in response to ultraviolet light.
A
C
D
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The most usable form of vitamin a in the body is _____.
Retinol
Neural tube
Biotin
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While _________ suppresses gluconeogenesis, ____________ increases glycogen breakdown.
Insulin and glucagon
Insulin and glucose
Enzymeand glucagon
Answer
Correct Answer:
Insulin and glucagon
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Vitamins a, vitamin c, calcium, and __________ are required to appear on nutritional labels.
Iron
Zinc
Potassium
Lead
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The dri committee recommends _____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein.
10
20
30
40
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The expiration date on a product refers to the last date a product should be __________.
Sold to a customer
Used before chances of spoiling increase
Packaged and put out on the shelves
Thrown away if not eaten
Answer
Correct Answer:
Used before chances of spoiling increase
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In early food deprivation, the nervous system cannot use _____ as fuel.
Fat
Food
Liquid
None of these
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Diets high in trans fatty acids tend to ______ the level of ldl in the blood.
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
None of the above
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When consumed in recommended amounts, approximately ________ of fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed.
1-5%
5-20%
10-35%
40-90%
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Undernutrition results in stunted growth in about _______ of the world's children.
33%
43%
56%
23
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The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and _______________.
Lactose
Glucose
Insulin
Ketones
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The daily value amounts listed in the nutrition facts panel are based on a _____ calorie diet.
2000
1000
1500
2100
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The bioavailability of vitamins in food ____.
Depends on many factors, such as how the food was prepared
Is the ratio of vitamin intake to calorie intake
Can determine how much the nutrient is absorbed
Refers to the number of neutrons in the cells of vitamins
Answer
Correct Answer:
Depends on many factors, such as how the food was prepared
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Saturated fatty acids are saturated with _____.
Carbon
Choline
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
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Muscle cells can use the _____ energy system to obtain energy.
Oleic acid
GTP
Fumarate
Oxygen
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Most americans consume ________ dietary protein compared to the rda.
Excessive amounts of
Limited amount of
Insufficient amount of
Equal amount of
Answer
Correct Answer:
Excessive amounts of
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Modifiable nutritional risk factors for cancer include _____.
Low potassium intake
low dietary fat intake
unstructured eating
high levels of antioxidants
burnt and charred food
Answer
Correct Answer:
burnt and charred food
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It is possible for vegans to obtain complete proteins by combining ________ and ________.
Milk; sugar
Bread; vitamins
Fats; pasta
Legumes; cereal grains
Answer
Correct Answer:
Legumes; cereal grains
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Foods from plant sources usually provide __________ proteins.
Incomplete
Complete
Enough
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
Incomplete
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Diets that are high in ____ are associated with an increased incidence of hypertension.
Calcium
Sodium
Protein
Potassium
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A single gram of alcohol contains _____ calories.
7
4
6
3
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A sedentary 2- to 3-year-old child requires about ____ kcalories per day.
1000
100
2000
500
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A pregnant woman who is a vegan needs to take ______ nutrient supplements.
Calcium and iron
Calcium and vitamin
Vitamin and protein
Protein and iron
Answer
Correct Answer:
Calcium and iron
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A group of medications that induce stimulation of the central nervous system are _______________.
Amphetamine
Bariatrics
Anti-amphetamine
Answer
Correct Answer:
Amphetamine
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The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly _________________ as fuel.
Galactose
Lactose
Fructose
Glucose
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A process involved in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids is called ________.
Ketogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Transamination
Supplementation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transamination
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Men with body fat levels greater than _____ run health risks.
24%
54%
34%
62
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A cathartic is a ____.
Device to measure skinfold thickness
Drug that decreases the urge to vomit
device to measure the amount of intra-abdominal fat
Strong laxative
Answer
Correct Answer:
Strong laxative
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______ are synthesized by the liver to transport fat to the rest of the body.
Very-low-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
Low-density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
Answer
Correct Answer:
Very-low-density lipoproteins
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_____ form when muscle cells convert lactic acid to lactate.
Hydrogen ions
Ketone bodies
Mineral elements
Trans fatty acids
Answer
Correct Answer:
Hydrogen ions
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The presence of ___________ chemically distinguishes protein from carbohydrate and fat.
Carbon
Choline
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
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Lipids with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content are ____________ at room temperature.
Solid
Liquid
Warm
Gaseous
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The root cause of hunger and undernutrition in the united states continues to be _______________.
Poverty
Infrastructure
Malnutrition
Undernutrition
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The number of kilocalories from fat in a sandwich that contains 22 g fat is _____ kcal.
88
132
154
198
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Long-term use of aspirin or aspirin-like medications can deplete _________ reserves.
Iron
Calcium
Vitamin K
Thiamin
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John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. his body mass index is _______________ kg/m2.
31
21
41
11
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A low carbohydrate intake most likely produces a loss of ____.
Calcium
Vitamin
Protein
Calories
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A macronutrient is a nutrient _______.
That is required in large amounts
That is required in equal amounts
That is required in less amounts
None of the above
Answer
Correct Answer:
That is required in large amounts
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Vitamin c and meat protein ______ nonheme iron absorption.
Increase
Decrease
Remain same
None of these
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Vitamin ___ is important for amino acid synthesis and protein metabolism.
B2
B6
C
B12
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When an infant reaches toddler age (1 year), her weight is _____ from her birth weight.
Doubled
Tripled
Remain same
None of these
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The two life stage groups with the highest rdas for calcium are _________ and _________.
Children; adolescents
Infants; children
Adolescents; adults over age 50
Infants; adolescents
Answer
Correct Answer:
Adolescents; adults over age 50
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Without sufficient ________, the colon gets too little exercise and becomes weak.
Fiber
Obesity
Fruit, breads & legumes
None of these
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When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy ________.
1 pound
Increases
Is stored as fat in adipose tissue
Is maintained
Answer
Correct Answer:
Is stored as fat in adipose tissue
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Waist circumference reflects the degree of ______in proportion to body fatness
Visceral fatness
Gynoid obesity
Subcutaneous fat
Total body fatness
Answer
Correct Answer:
Visceral fatness
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Vitamins help convert macronutrients into ____
Us
Milligrams
Energy
Micrograms
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Vitamins contain _______ kcal g
4
7
9
0
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The term ?_____? has no legal definition but is often used on food labels to imply wholesomeness.
Processed
enriched
functional
Natural
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The sugars found in grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits are _______.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Inorganic compounds
Phytochemicals
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrates
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The role of coenzymes is to ___.
Promote the functioning of enzymes
Deactivate the enzyme
Bind with niacin
Transport proteins
Answer
Correct Answer:
Promote the functioning of enzymes
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The rdas (recommended dietary allowances) for nutrients are generally ____.
Designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people
Designed to prevent deficiency diseases in half the population
The minimum amounts that average people need
Reflective of current dietary preferences
Answer
Correct Answer:
Designed to meet the needs of almost all healthy people
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The dri committee recommended a diet that provides _____% of its calories from carbohydrate.
45-65
65-45
55-45
45-55
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The dietary reference intakes may be used to ____.
Treat people with the diet-related disorders
Diagnose and treat the simple malnutrition
Plan and evaluate the diets for healthy people
Assess adequacy of only the kCalories
Answer
Correct Answer:
Plan and evaluate the diets for healthy people
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The dietary guidelines for americans promote a minimum of _____ minutes of moderate exercise weekly
150
160
125
170
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The daily values reflect the needs of an ?average person? consuming between _____ calories a day.
1,500 and 2,000.
2,000 and 2,500.
2,500 and 3,000
3000 and 3500
Answer
Correct Answer:
2,000 and 2,500.
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To be defined as a "good" source of calcium, a food must contain ________.
At least 5% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food
At least 10% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food
At least 30% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food
At least 50% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food
Answer
Correct Answer:
At least 10% of the Daily Value for calcium in 1 serving of the food
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Recommended dietary allowances are based on the ____.
Lower Tolerable Limit
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Upper Tolerable Limit
Adequate Intake
Answer
Correct Answer:
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
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Only _____ synthetic color additives are still approved by the fda for use in foods.
10
11
13
14
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One serving of this product provides ________ percentage of the total fat intake.
15%
11%
14%
12
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Omega 3 helps build the cells of our body and is a key component of the _____ of our brains.
Cerebrospinal fluid
White matter
Myelin
Neurotransmitters
Grey matter
Answer
Correct Answer:
Grey matter
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Absorption of _____ appears to increase with aging.
Vitamin a
Calcium
Vitamin d
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin a
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Rice is an example of a _____ food used in southeast asia.
Fortified
Natural
Staple
Processed
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An apple is composed primarily of ________.
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Water
Vitamins and minerals
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Amino acids that can be manufactured by the body are best described as ____.
Essential
Dispensable
Indispensable
Complete
Answer
Correct Answer:
Dispensable
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The greatest dietary improvement older-adult americans could make would be to _____.
immune status
Eat more vegetables and whole grains
Nutritional genomics
Congregate and home-delivered meals
Answer
Correct Answer:
Eat more vegetables and whole grains
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More than anything, older adults want to _____.
Remain independent
Live at home
Never visit a medical doctor
Avoid purchasing over-the-counter or prescription medicines, creams, or vitamin supplements
Eat well
Answer
Correct Answer:
Remain independent
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To maintain energy balance, an individual's energy intake should equal _____.
His or her total energy output
High body temperature
Adults between the ages of 19 and 50
Some proportion of carbohydrate is stored as glycogen and the rest, along with the excess fat, is stored as fat in adipose cells. excess protein is excreted
Answer
Correct Answer:
His or her total energy output
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High levels of vitamin _______ may be teratogenic, causing birth defects.
A
B12
C
D
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The most highly fortified foods on the market are ____.
Frozen dinners
Imitation foods
Enriched breads
Breakfast cereals
Answer
Correct Answer:
Breakfast cereals
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Chromium assists in ________ uptake
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Glucose
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All of the following myplate food groups are good sources of folate except for the _____ group.
Dairy
Fruits
Grains
Vegetables
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The average american consumes between ________ mg of cholesterol daily.
400-600
500-600
300-600
200-600
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A desirable intake of dietary fiber is _____ daily, according to the dri guidelines.
130 grams/day
14g/1,000 calories
Diet and physical activity
Answer
Correct Answer:
14g/1,000 calories
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The cori cycle involves the interconversion of ____.
Glycerol and glucose
Lactate and glucose
pyruvate and citric acids
Glucose and amino acids
Answer
Correct Answer:
Lactate and glucose
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Most people have aversions to _____ tastes.
Bitter
Protein
Fiber
Brain
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Hunger makes itself known roughly ____ hours after eating.
1;2
2;3
3;5
4;6
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Human milk provides approximately ______ percent of kilocalories from fat.
30
40
50
60
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Human milk provides _______ of kilocalories from protein.
6-7
7-8
9-10
>15
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Gram per gram, ______ provide the most kcalories.
Alcohol
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
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Good sources of high-quality (complete) protein include all of the following except ________.
Soybeans
Eggs
Whole wheat
Fish
Answer
Correct Answer:
Whole wheat
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A nursing mother produces about _____ ounces of milk a day.
71
25
2050
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Excessive intake of ______ can decrease absorption of ______.
Zinc; copper
Copper;zinc
Copper; iron
Iron ;copper
Answer
Correct Answer:
Zinc; copper
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Daily protein needs during infancy vary from ______ grams per day.
5; 10
9; 14
15; 25
0.8; 0.95
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B vitamins share a role as ________ in energy production.
Oranges
Acetly CoA
Coenzymes
Wernicke-Korsokoff syndrome
Answer
Correct Answer:
Coenzymes
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As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.
E
D
A
C
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An optimal ldl-cholesterol level is ____, while an optimal hdl-cholesterol level is ____.
≥ 240 mg/dL;
70-159 mg/dL; > 30 mg/dL
≥ 50 mg/dL
≥ 40mg/dL
Answer
Correct Answer:
≥ 50 mg/dL
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A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides is known as _____.
Variety
Nutrient density
Satiety
Dietary control
Eating pattern
Answer
Correct Answer:
Nutrient density
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With weight loss, fat cells _______.
Decrease in size only
Decrease om number only
Decrease in both number and size
Decrease in number, but increase in size
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decrease in size only
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When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight ________.
Remains the same
Increases
Decreases
None of these choices are correct
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases
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Vitamin d regulates the absorption of ______ from the small intestine.
Calcium and phosphorus
Phosphorus and magnesium
Calcium and magnesium
Calcium and fluorid
Answer
Correct Answer:
Calcium and phosphorus
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Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________.
Transferred to acetyl CoA
Converted to urea
Transferred to a keto acid
Converted to ammonia
Answer
Correct Answer:
Transferred to a keto acid
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To establish a nutrient's rda, nutrition scientists add _____ of the nutrient to its ear.
A margin of safety amount
Enriched
% DVs
Protein
Answer
Correct Answer:
A margin of safety amount
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You should avoid taking megavitamins unless specifically recommended by a doctor because _____.
Synthetic vitamins cannot be absorbed
The health effects of taking megavitamins are unclear
They do not meet RDA requirements
They can only be prescribed for people with severe deficiencies
Answer
Correct Answer:
The health effects of taking megavitamins are unclear
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The variable part of an amino acid is the _____.
Use of amino acids that have been conserved from the breakdown of old cells.
Freezing.
Iron.
Side chain
Answer
Correct Answer:
Side chain
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Vitamins work with enzymes to initiate _____ within cells.
Infection
Chemical reactions
Reproduction
Deficiencies
Answer
Correct Answer:
Chemical reactions
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Vitamins differ from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats because they __________.
Are not essential to health
Are only available as a supplement
Do not provide calories
Come only from plants
Answer
Correct Answer:
Do not provide calories
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There are ______ types of neurons in the human nervous system and these are called ______.
3
4
5
6
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Vitamins are essential for ____ to occur
Oxidation
Metabolism
Fat storage
Solubility
Answer
Correct Answer:
Metabolism
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Your body gains nutrients from _______.
Exercise
Sleep
Food
Water
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New drivers learn to stop at red lights. this form of learning is ____________ learning.
Stimulus-response
Basal ganglia
Lateral nucleaus
Stimulus-response learning
Answer
Correct Answer:
Stimulus-response
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Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Reticular activating system
Cingulate gyrus
Answer
Correct Answer:
Reticular activating system
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A true statement about college students with a distorted body image is that ____.
Married people tend to be healthier.
Having a baby within the first seven months of the marriage.
Women are more likely to overestimate their weight, while men underestimate their weight
Salmonella
Answer
Correct Answer:
Women are more likely to overestimate their weight, while men underestimate their weight
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The rda for iron for young children is _____ the rda for adult men.
Thiamin
Higher than
Protein
Greater than
Answer
Correct Answer:
Higher than
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The most healthful dietary lipid to consume is __________.
Unsaturated fat
Hallucinogens
Electroconvulsive
Behavioral
Answer
Correct Answer:
Unsaturated fat
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The energy density of most enteral formulas is between _____.
1.0 and 3.0 kcalorie per mL
3.0 and 4.0 kcalorie per mL
1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL
2.0 and 4.0 kcalorie per mL
Answer
Correct Answer:
1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL
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The drug warfarin is structurally similar to _____.
hypertriglyceridemia
French units
Clinical pathway
Vitamin K
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin K
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The dextrose monohydrate used in parenteral nutrition solutions provides _____ kcal/g.
Half as many
Twice as many
Slightly fewer
The same
Four times as many
Answer
Correct Answer:
Slightly fewer
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Satiation determines how much food is ________ .
Cholecystokinin
Consumed during one meal
Binge-eating disorder
Insulin resistance
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consumed during one meal
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Retinoids are abundant in _____ foods, while carotenoids are abundant in _____ foods.
Plant, kidney
Animal, plant
Liver, kidney
None of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
Animal, plant
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Protein synthesis is directed by a compound in the cell nucleus called ___________.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach, and tomato sauce
A cheese and broccoli omelet
Stir-fried tofu and vegetables over brown rice
Answer
Correct Answer:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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Protein is especially important for older adults to _____.
promote sarcopenia
prevent macular degeneration
support a healthy immune system
offset rheumatoid arthritis
rebuild aging bones
Answer
Correct Answer:
support a healthy immune system
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Potassium and phosphate are the major ______ electrolytes.
Ion concentration.
Intracellular
Decrease
Fresh spinach.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Intracellular
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Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates ________ the absorption of many minerals.
Increase
Decrease
Constant
None of these
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Peptide yy _____appetite and ghrelin _____appetite
Increases, increases
Increases, decreases
Decreases, increases
Decreases, decreases
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decreases, increases
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One of the monosaccharides is _____.
Lactose
Sucrose
Cellulose
Fructose
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One gram of alcohol is equal to ______________calories
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
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On average, women receive only ____ milligrams of iron per day
10-14
11-13
12-14
12-13
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On average, americans consume approximately ______% of total kilocalories as fat.
3
True
437
33
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Olive and canola oils contain a high percentage of _____ fatty acids.
Peptide
Chylomicrons
Monosaturated
Hydrogenation
Answer
Correct Answer:
Monosaturated
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Nutrient recommendations _____.
Tracking a group of individuals who eat low-fat diets every six months over a two-year time frame
Are not minimum requirements, and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals
Anthropometric data
Risk factors tend to cluster
Answer
Correct Answer:
Are not minimum requirements, and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals
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Micronutrients are needed for _____.
More than 100g/day
Less than 100g/day
Smaller
Fat tissue
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Margarine and butter are examples of _____.
Substitutes
Cable service
Does not count
Input costs
Answer
Correct Answer:
Substitutes
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Lumbar _______ is commonly called "swayback."
Lactic acid
Lordosis
Jogging
Ergonomics
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Lorcaserin hydrochloride (belviq®) is ______ that reduces food intake by regulating appetite.
Stimulus control.
A selective serotonin receptor agonist
Lung cancer.
The body mass index
Answer
Correct Answer:
A selective serotonin receptor agonist
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Ketosis increases with ________.
Fasting
A low carbohydrate diet
Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus
All of these choices are correct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these choices are correct.
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It is recommended that less than _________% of calories consumed come from saturated fatty acids.
10
>11
Trans fat
Minerals
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Intake of fish, nuts, and whole grains ________ heart disease risk.
May increase
May decrease
Has no impact on
None of these are correct
Answer
Correct Answer:
May decrease
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Inside the human body, the mitochondria _____.
Help to assemble amino acids into proteins
Function as a constituent part of cell membranes
Are located in the nucleus
House enzymes that are involved in the process of energy metabolism
Are located outside the cytoplasm
Answer
Correct Answer:
House enzymes that are involved in the process of energy metabolism
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In the united states, _____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.
Non-Hispanic black women
Body Mass Index
Subcutaneous
Storage of lipids and triglycerides.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Non-Hispanic black women
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In the digestive system, peristalsis is _____.
A process of fat emulsification in the small intestine
Voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation
The transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel
Smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus
Answer
Correct Answer:
Smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus
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Immediately after a meal, ghrelin levels __________; high levels of ghrelin __________ hunger.
Decrease; increase
Increase; decrease
Decrease; constant
Constant; increase
Answer
Correct Answer:
Decrease; increase
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Higher intakes of all of the following except ______ are associated with increased bone mass.
Calcium.
Vitamin D.
Vitamin C.
Sodium.
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For cvd prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than ____ percent of calories.
1
2
4
5
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Fasting or starvation accelerates ________.
Gluconeogenesis
Ketone production
Body protein breakdown
Body fat breakdown
All of these
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of these
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Essential fatty acids should make up ______ percent of the total fat intake of infants.
12
14
15
16
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Dietary fat in the intestines ________ cholesterol absorption
Decreases
Increases
Has no effect on
Prevents
Answer
Correct Answer:
Increases
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Daily values differ from recommended dietary allowances in that daily values ________.
Are used on Nutrition Facts panels
Are based on 2 sets of dietary standards
Are not gender-specific
All of the above are correct.
Answer
Correct Answer:
All of the above are correct.
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Complete proteins contain all the essential amino acids and are typically ____.
Monosaccharides
Loss of estrogen
Of animal origin
Protein deficiency
Answer
Correct Answer:
Of animal origin
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Cholecystokinin (cck) stimulates the _____ to secrete _____.
Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
The hollow organs of the digestive system, large intestine
Large intestine, high fructose corn syrup contains more fructose than refined sugar.
Pancreas ... pancreatic enzymes
Answer
Correct Answer:
Pancreas ... pancreatic enzymes
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Carbohydrates are stored in the body in the _____ and _____.
Glycogen
Sugar
Starch
Sucrose
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All amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and ___.
Peptide bonds
Essential amino acids
Nitrogen
Positive nitrogen balance
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After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrates may be ________.
Dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy
The protein loses its biological activity. It destroys the protein's ability to function normally.
Used for energy, converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue, synthesized into fat
Build and repair tissue
Answer
Correct Answer:
Used for energy, converted to glycogen and stored in liver and muscle tissue, synthesized into fat
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After age ____ or so, the rate of cell breakdown begins to exceed the rate of cell renewal.
25
30
35
55
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A rise from 98.6° to 99.6° f, results in a ______% rise in basal metabolic rate.
10
7
5
1
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A lack of body fat can result in _____.
a ruptured esophagus
Percent body fat
Infertility in women
waist circumference
Answer
Correct Answer:
Infertility in women
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A hydrophilic vitamin is ____.
Synthesis of collagen
Vitamin c & b
The B vitamins and vitamin C
Production of red blood cells falters
Answer
Correct Answer:
Vitamin c & b
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A division is always associated with _____
Dichotomy
Latin
Linnaeus
Morphology
Plants
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A desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n) ________ .
They provide the cells with energy
The presence of hydrogenated fats
The bile is recycled via the liver to the gallbladder
LDL cholesterol of < 100 mg/dL
Answer
Correct Answer:
LDL cholesterol of < 100 mg/dL
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___________ is/are the primary fuel for the brain and red blood cells.
Glucose
Salmon
Chylomicron
Palm oil
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________ provide less energy per gram than ________.
Carbohydrates; proteins
Carbohydrates; fats
Plant fats; animal fats
Plant proteins; animal proteins
Answer
Correct Answer:
Carbohydrates; fats
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________ and vitamin b12 are b vitamins needed for keeping red blood cells healthy.
Vitamin D
Folate
Riboflavin
Vitamin K
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