Biology MCQ
The __________ stops materials from moving between cells across an epithelium.
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Correct Answer:
Occluding junction
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Transcription normally stops when the _____.
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Correct Answer:
RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal on the DNA that leads to the formation of a hairpin loop in the mRNA
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In the diagram below, the two blue strands represent _____.
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In rna the nitrogenous base uracil pairs with ______ in dna
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In general, the phenotypes of a complex trait should exhibit a(n) _____ distribution.
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In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its _____. see concept 23.4 (page 495)
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Correct Answer:
Contribution to the gene pool of the next generation
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The cross-fertilization of two different varieties of pea plants will produce a(n) _____.
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The bottleneck event that decimated the bison was caused by _______.
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Overhunting
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Polydactylism occurs _______.
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Only in cats
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Point mutations in noncoding regions of dna result in __________.
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Neutral variation
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The enzyme that accomplishes transcription is termed ______.
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Correct Answer:
RNA polymerase
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In drosophila, the ratio of x chromosomes to autosomes directly influences _______.
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The ratio of sisterless protein subunits to deadpan protein subunits
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Removal of ____ turns genes off.
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Acetyl groups
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Red-green color blindness and _____ are known to be inherited as x-linked recessive traits.
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Hemophilia
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Recessive alleles are best defined as ________.
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Correct Answer:
Only expresses in present in a double dose
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A homozygous dominant germ cell undergoes meiosis. the gametes will _________________________.
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Only have the dominant allele
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A family tree that describes traits in families is called a __________.
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Pedigree analysis
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In 1859, naturalist ______________ suggested an explanation for why evolution occurs.
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Charles Darwin
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If someone says "there is a flu epidemic", this is analogous to saying ______.
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There is a flu outbreak
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Identical twins occur when a(n) ____ divides to form two separate, individual cells.
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Fertilized ovum
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Bacterial plasmids are of particular interest to biotechnologists because plasmids __________.
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Can deliver DNA to other cells
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Animal bodies are organized along the ____________ axes.
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Correct Answer:
All of the above
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The overall error rate in the completed dna molecule is approximately __________.
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1 error per 10,000,000,000 nucleotides
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When fisheries managers move fish from one lake to another, this causes gene ______.
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We can better understand our ancestry by analyzing the __________ in males.
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Y chromosome
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Transcription and replication occur during ____________________ of the cell cycle.
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Interphase
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The secondary form of inheritance via epigenetics is sometimes referred to as ______ inheritance.
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Accelerates a chemical reaction in a cell
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The mc1r gene________________. choose all that apply.
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Correct Answer:
3/16 = 0.1875= 18.75%
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The inheritance of height and weight can best be described as __________.
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Correct Answer:
Polygenic
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The first basic idea of evolutionary adaptation can be traced back to _____.
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Telomerase is fully active in _____ and _____ cells, but almost completely inactive in _____ cells.
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Correct Answer:
Germ; stem; somatic
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Sexual recombination includes the shuffling of chromosomes in __________ and fertilization.
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Natural selection generally results in ________.
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A population that is adapted to its current environment
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Mutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that _____.
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Does little to change allele frequencies
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A(n) _______ is a characteristic arising from genes located on gender-determining chromosomes.
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Sex-linked
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Gene expression involves two phases, ___________ and translation.
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Transcription
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Fetal cells may be removed along with fluid from the womb by a process known as __________.
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Amniocentesis
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A pedigree chart like this one is characteristic of _________________ disorders.
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Sex-linked recessive
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A mutation that knocked out the proofreading function of dna polymerase would result in __________.
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A higher-than-normal rate of DNA synthesis errors
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Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______.
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Correct Answer:
Blunt trauma
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When a baby is born, the zygote has become about _____ billion cells.
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Tafs ___ and ___ make contact with the initiator region of the promoter.
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A qtl is a __________ where one or more genes affecting a quantitative trait are ________ .
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Correct Answer:
Site in a chromosome, located
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Strand discrimination during the process of _____________ is based on dna methylation in e. coli.
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A(n) _____ that carries the chromosomes x and y is male, and one with two x chromosomes is female.
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The sum of histone modifications and their interactions is called the ________.
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Histone code
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Evolutionary psychologists are most directly concerned with the impact of ________ on behavior.
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Genetic predispositions
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Epigenetics is the study of environmental influences on ______ that occur without a dna change.
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Gene expression
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Translation is directly dependent on all of the following associations except _______.
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Complementary base pairing between mRNA and DNA
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Conserved developmental genes can lead to _______ evolution.
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Parallel phenotypic
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Expression of ______ would inhibit x-inactivation.
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Chi-square analysis can help us to decide whether __________.
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Our observations of an event differ from our expectations
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Small noncoding rnas (ncrnas) called piwi-interacting rnas, or pirnas, __________.
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Correct Answer:
Induce the formation of heterochromatin and block the expression of movable DNA elements called transposons
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Research on laboratory animals indicates that cannabinoids are most effective if taken ____.
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Correct Answer:
Shortly before the stroke
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Viral chromosomes exist in a variety of conformations and can be made up of ________.
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DNA or RNA
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The production of gene families, such as the globin genes is the result of ________.
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Gene duplications.
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The lac operon is optimally expressed _____.
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In the presence of lactose and the absence of glucose
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The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there ________.
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Are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid
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Most e. coli antisense rnas work with a protein called ______ to regulate their target mrnas.
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A major difference between mendelian and quantitative traits is in _______________
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Small differences between average phenotypes compared to differences between individuals within genotypes.
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Contracts involving fraud in inducement are ________.
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In traditional cultures, prenatal massage __________.
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Has beneficial effects for both mother and fetus
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Anticodons, codons, and base triplets correspond to __________ respectively.
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TRNA, mRNA, and DNA
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In terms of its involvement in mutagenesis, 5bu is best described as _______.
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Correct Answer:
A base analog that can cause either A-T > G-C or G-C > A-T transitions
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After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called __________ modifications.
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Posttranslational
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Pedigrees and blood tests are both means of __________.
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Carrier recognition
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The y chromosomes of mammals contain genes that code for _____.
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"maleness" and a few other characteristics
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In a monohybrid cross, f2 refers to __________.
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the second filial generation, or the "grandchildren" of the original mating pair
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According to current evidence, pluto is best explained as ______.
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A large member of the Kuiper belt
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During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.
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Moving away from each other toward opposite poles of the cell
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Dns poisoning _____.
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Substitutes DNS addresses so that the computer is automatically redirected to another device
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Dna polymerase i is thought to add nucleotides ________.
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In the place of the primer RNA after it is removed
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Hfr strains contain the f factor integrated into their ________, rather than in the __________.
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Chromosome; cytoplasm
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Whenever diploid populations are in hardy-weinberg equilibrium at a particular locus, _____.
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The allele's frequency should not change from one generation to the next
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If mom's genotype is bb, her eggs will be ______.
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Correct Answer:
Half B and half b
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When two genes fail to assort independently, the term normally applied is ________.
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The bonds that hold trna molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________.
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Correct Answer:
Hydrogen bonds
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In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until _____.
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Correct Answer:
*several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
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If you are a male, the law of independent assortment indicates that your gametes contain _____.
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Correct Answer:
A random mix of the chromosomes you inherited from each ...
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You conduct a dihybrid cross. a ________ ratio would make you suspect that the genes are linked.
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With incomplete dominance, a likely ratio resulting from a monohybrid cross would be ________.
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The result of the following cross indicates the orange eyes are _____ black eyes
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Correct Answer:
Recessive too
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The mutation that resulted from her accident was probably ______.
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Correct Answer:
One that changed the triplet grouping of the genetic message.
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The evolutionary effects of genetic drift are greatest when _____
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The population size is small.
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If a trna had an agc anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ________ mrna codon.
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Evidence for the spiral nature of dna came from ______.
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X-ray crystallography studies
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An individual who is homozygous ______.
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Expresses the dominant trait.
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The second messenger _____ opens ca2+ channels in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Inositol trisphosphate
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Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.
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Two genes are recognized as orthologous if __________.
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Correct Answer:
They are homologous genes found in different species
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__________ alter repressor proteins thereby increasing the rate of transcription initiation.
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____ is required for dna-dependent nucleosome assembly. (hint: it binds pncf.)
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Correct Answer:
CAF1/Asf1
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Complex genetic diseases are different from single-gene diseases because they __________.
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Correct Answer:
Are caused by mutations to multiple genes
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Genetic research and testing includes __________.
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Correct Answer:
All of the above
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Mutations that arise in nature, from no particular artificial agent, are called ________.
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Correct Answer:
Natural mutations.
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The ________ refers to the underlying genetic structure that leads to the observable ________.
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Genotype; phenotype
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Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______.
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Correct Answer:
Infection
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Mutations in genes that encode __________ represent the mutator phenotype.
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Repair system proteins, or fidelity of replication proteins
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During replication, each parent dna strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new dna strands.
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When the blending of traits occurs, it is referred to as the principle of _____.
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Correct Answer:
Incomplete dominance
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