Social World (Research Methods) MCQ Questions Answers

1. Intensive interviewing seeks in-depth information using _____________ questions.

2. _____ is known as a statistic that measures the variability of a distribution as the average squared deviation of each case from the mean

3. _____ is defined as error that occurs when there is no evidence of a statistical relationship between two variables based on the sample, but in fact, the two variables are related

4. _____ is error that occurs when there is evidence of a statistical relationship between two variables based on the sample, but in fact, there is no relationship between the two variables

5. Is statistical Significance the mathematical likelihood that an association is due to chance, judged by a criterion set by the analyst (e.g., the probability of an association is due to chance is less than 5 out of 100 or p < .05)?

6. _____ is known as the square root of the average squared deviation of each case from the mean

7. _____ is defined as the extent to which cases are clustered more at one or the other end of the distribution of a quantitative variable, rather than in a symmetric pattern around its center. Skew can be positive (a right skew), with the number of cases tapering off in the positive direction, or negative (a left skew), with the number of cases tapering off in the negative direction

8. _____ is defined as a graph of individual response to two continuous variables

9. Is range the true upper limit in a distribution minus the true lower limit (or the highest rounded value minus the lowest rounded value)?

10. _____ is known as the point in a distribution corresponding to the first 25% of the cases, the first 50% of the cases, and the first 75% of the cases

11. _____ is defined as a graph with a shape that looks like a bell, with one hump in the middle, centered around the population mean, and the number of cases tapering off on both sides of the mean. This shape is important for sampling and statistical analysis

12. _____ is statistical tests involving two or more independent variables

13. Is mode the most frequent value in a distribution?

14. _____ is known as the point that divides a distribution in half (the 50th percentile)

15. _____ is defined as a type of descriptive statistic that summarizes the strength of an association. See also association

16. _____ is the arithmetic or weighted average computed by adding up the value of all the cases and dividing by the number of cases

17. Is marginal Distribution the summary distributions in the margins of a cross-tabulation that correspond to the frequency distribution of the row variable and the column variable?

18. _____ is known as the difference in a distribution between the end of the first quartile and the beginning of the third quartile

19. _____ is defined as a graphic for quantitative variables in which the variable’s distribution is displayed with adjacent bars

20. _____ is a graphic for quantitative variables in which a continuous line connects data points representing the variable’s distribution

21. Is frequency Distribution numerical display showing the number of cases, and usually the percentage of cases (the relative frequencies) corresponding to each value or group of values of a variable?

22. _____ is known as statistics used to describe the distribution of and relationship among variables

23. _____ is defined as in the simplest case, a bivariate (two-variable) distribution, showing the distribution of one variable for each category of another variable; can also be elaborated using three or more variables

24. _____ is a statistic summarizing the strength of a relationship between two continuous variables

25. Is check Coding a check of the accuracy of coding information; it is estimated by comparing the coding completed by one person with the coding completed by a second person?

26. _____ is known as the most common value (for variables measured at the nominal level) or the value around which cases tend to center (for a quantitative variable)

27. _____ is defined as statistical tests of the relationship between two variables

28. _____ is a graphic for categorical variables in which the variable’s distribution is displayed with solid bars separated by spaces

29. Is theory-Driven Evaluation a program evaluation that is guided by a theory that specifies the process by which the program has an effect?

30. _____ is known as individuals and groups that have some basis of concern with the program

31. _____ is defined as an orientation to evaluation research that expects researchers to be responsive primarily to the people involved with the program

32. _____ is an orientation to evaluation research that expects researchers to emphasize the importance of researcher expertise and maintenance of autonomy from program stakeholders

33. Is relevance Validity an aspect of validity regarding the usefulness of evaluation data to individuals or communities?

34. _____ is known as the complete treatment or service delivered by the program

35. _____ is defined as type of program evaluation that investigates the process of service delivery

36. _____ is measures of the services delivered by the program process

37. Is outcomes the impact of the program process on participants?

38. _____ is known as a program evaluation designed to measure client or participant outcomes

39. _____ is defined as a type of evaluation research that is used to determine the needs of some population

40. _____ is a schematic representation of the various components that make up a social service program, including the assumptions underlying the program, inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes

41. Is integrative Approaches orientation to evaluation research that expects researchers to respond to the concerns of people involved with the program as well as to the standards and goals of the social science community?

42. _____ is known as the resources, raw materials, and staff that go into a program

43. _____ is defined as process evaluation that is used to shape and refine program operations

44. _____ is a type of evaluation that compares program costs to program outcomes

45. Is cost-Benefit Analysis a type of evaluation that compares program costs to the economic value of program benefits?

46. _____ is known as a type of evaluation that compares program costs to the economic value of program benefits

47. _____ is defined as occurs when an evaluation of program outcomes ignores, and does not identify, the process by which the program produced the effect

48. _____ is qualitative and quantitative methods are used in sequence in the research

49. Is secondary Data Analysis the method of using preexisting data in a different way or to answer a different research question than intended by those who collected the data?

50. _____ is known as previously collected data that are used in a new analysis

51. _____ is defined as a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of taking action and learning from the outcomes to generate knowledge

52. _____ is qualitative and quantitative methods are used concurrently and both are given equal importance

53. Is embedded Design qualitative and quantitative methods are used concurrently in the research but one is given priority?

54. _____ is known as qualitative and quantitative methods are combined in a research project that uses more than one of the four basic types of mixed-methods designs or that repeats at least one of those basic types

55. _____ is defined as massive data sets produced or accessible in computer-readable form that are produced by people, available to social scientists, and manageable with today’s computers

56. _____ is the use of multiple methods to study one research question

57. Is tacit Knowledge in field research, a credible sense of understanding of social processes that reflects the researcher’s awareness of participants’ actions as well as their words, and of what they fail to state, feel deeply, and take for granted?

58. _____ is known as a systematic type of qualitative analysis that identifies the combination of factors that had to be present across multiple cases to produce a particular outcome

59. _____ is defined as a qualitative researcher receives feedback from a second party like a colleague

60. _____ is a qualitative researcher receives feedback from a second party like a colleague

61. Is narrative Analysis a form of qualitative analysis in which the analyst focuses on how respondents impose order on their experiences and make sense of events and actions in which they have participated?

62. _____ is known as when a qualitative researcher seeks input from participants about the interviews, findings, and interpretations

63. _____ is defined as a form on which to systematically record particular features of multiple cases or instances that a qualitative data analyst needs to examine

64. _____ is the qualitative analysis of findings from multiple studies

65. _____ is known as a qualitative research method focused on the way that participants in a social setting create and sustain a sense of reality

66. _____ is defined as a qualitative method for analyzing the sequential organization and details of a conversation

67. _____ is a research method for systematically analyzing and making inferences from text

68. Is thick Description a rich description that conveys a sense of what a phenomenon or situation is like from the standpoint of the actors in that setting?

69. _____ is known as a sampling method recommended for field research; the sample is drawn in a sequential fashion, with settings or individuals selected for study as earlier observations or interviews indicate that these settings or individuals are influential

70. _____ is defined as a strategy that increases the reliability of observational data using explicit rules that standardize coding practices across observers

71. _____ is the point at which subject selection is ended in intensive interviewing, when new interviews seem to yield little additional information

72. Is reactive Effects the changes in an individual or group behavior due to being observed or otherwise studied?

73. _____ is known as the changes in an individual or group behavior due to being observed or otherwise studied

74. _____ is defined as an interpretation of the ethical standard of voluntary consent that allows participants to change their decision about participating at any point by requiring that the researcher check with participants at each stage of the project about their willingness to continue in the project

75. _____ is an interpretation of the ethical standard of voluntary consent that allows participants to change their decision about participating at any point by requiring that the researcher check with participants at each stage of the project about their willingness to continue in the project

76. Is photovoice a qualitative method in which participants both photograph meaningful scenes and interpret the photographs?

77. _____ is known as a qualitative method for gathering data that involves developing a sustained relationship with people while they go about their normal activities

78. _____ is defined as the use of ethnographic methods to study online communities

79. _____ is brief notes written in the field about highlights of an observation period

80. Is intensive Interviewing a qualitative method that involves open-ended, relatively unstructured questioning in which the interviewer seeks in-depth information on the respondent’s feelings, experiences, and perceptions?

81. _____ is known as a broad question at the start of an interview that seeks to engage the respondent in the topic of interest

82. _____ is defined as a qualitative method that involves unstructured group interviews in which the focus group leader encourages discussion among participants on the topics of interest

83. _____ is notes that describe what has been observed, heard, or otherwise experienced in a participant observation study. These notes usually are written after the observation session

84. Is ethnography the study of a culture shared by some group of people, using participant observation over an extended period?

85. _____ is known as a role in field research in which the researcher does not reveal his or her identity as a researcher to those who are observed

86. _____ is defined as a role in participant observation in which the researcher does not participate in group activities and is publicly identified as a researcher

87. Is case Study a setting or group that the analyst treats as an integrated social unit that must be studied holistically and in its particularity?

88. _____ is known as remembering an event as happening more recently than when it really occurred

89. _____ is defined as research in which information is obtained from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions about themselves or others

90. _____ is the tendency for individuals to respond in ways that make them appear in the best light to the interviewer

91. Is skip Patterns the unique combination of questions created in a survey by filter questions and contingency questions?

92. _____ is defined as when a series of questions have the same set of response categories, there is the possibility that the respondent provides the same response for each question

93. _____ is problems of remembering events or details about events

94. Is questionnaire the survey instrument containing the questions in a self-administered survey?

95. _____ is known as a small initial study to determine the quality of the data collection procedures that will be used in a larger study

96. _____ is defined as a small initial study to determine the quality of the data collection procedures that will be used in a larger study

97. _____ is a survey in which interviewers question respondents over the phone and then record their answers

98. Is open-Ended Question a survey question to which the respondent replies in his or her own words, by either writing or talking?

99. _____ is known as a series of questions that concern a common theme and have the same response choices

100. _____ is defined as a series of questions that concern a common theme and have the same response choices