Biological Foundations and Prenatal Development MCQ
Biological Foundations and Prenatal Development MCQ
1. _____ helps plant cells divide and is located primarily in roots and fruits.
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Correct Answer:
Cytokinin
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2. _____ are angiosperms.
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Correct Answer:
Roses
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3. A wide range of potential expressions of a genetic trait, depending on environmental opportunities and constraints, is called ______.
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Correct Answer:
Range of reaction
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4. Which of the following determines whether a fetus will be male?
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Correct Answer:
If the ova contains an X chromosome and is fertilized by a Y sperm.
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5. Nathan has dark curly hair and facial dimples. These characteristics are called ______ traits.
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Correct Answer:
Dominant
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6. Ali’s labor is progressing too slowly and her doctor determines that the baby is breech. What is the doctor likely to recommend in order to protect the health of the mother and baby?Kelly suffers from the most widely known chromosome disorder. Kelly has ______ syndrome.
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Correct Answer:
Down
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7. The 23rd pair of chromosomes specify the ______ of the individual.
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Correct Answer:
Biological sex
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8. Kelly suffers from the most widely known chromosome disorder. Kelly has ______ syndrome.
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Correct Answer:
Down
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9. The ______ is the set of instructions to construct a living organism.
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Correct Answer:
Genome
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10. Under what circumstance is prenatal screening likely to be recommended?
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Correct Answer:
When genetic counseling determines a risk for genetic abnormalities.
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11. Katya has brown hair, brown eyes, and fair skin. These traits are part of Katya’s ______.
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Correct Answer:
Phenotype
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12. During the ______ period, all of the organs and major body systems are formed.
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Correct Answer:
Fetal
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13. According to the epigenetic framework ______.
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Correct Answer:
Development results from ongoing reciprocal interactions between genetics and environment
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14. The most widespread and routine method of prenatal diagnosis is ______.
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Correct Answer:
Ultrasound
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15. Four-year-old Evan’s parents were star athletes in college and have exposed Evan to sports since he was a baby. In addition to playing ball with his parents, Sam has been enrolled in swimming lessons since he was 10 months old and has recently started playing soccer. Sam is already demonstrating strong athletic skills, despite being very young. This example demonstrates a(n) ______ gene–environment correlation.
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Correct Answer:
Passive
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16. During the embryonic period ______.
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Correct Answer:
The organism is especially vulnerable to damage from teratogens
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17. A neural tube defect that results in the failure of all or part of the brain to develop, resulting in death prior to or shortly after birth is called anencephaly
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Correct Answer:
True
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18. A neural tube that results in ______ growing outside of the vertebrae, often resulting in paralysis and developmental disability is called spina bifida
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Correct Answer:
Spinal nerves
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19. A neural tube that results in ______ growing outside of the vertebrae, often resulting in paralysis and developmental disability is called spina bifida
Answer
Correct Answer:
Spinal nerves
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20. The most severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder accompanying heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol, including a distinct pattern of facial characteristics, growth deficiencies, and deficits in intellectual development is called fetal alcohol syndrome
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Correct Answer:
True
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21. The continuum of physical, mental, and behavioral outcomes caused by prenatal exposure to ______ is called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
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Correct Answer:
Alcohol
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22. An environmental factor that causes damage to prenatal development Is called teratogen
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Correct Answer:
True
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23. An environmental factor that causes damage to prenatal development is called teratogen
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Correct Answer:
True
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24. Kangaroo care is an intervention for low-birth weight babies in which the infant is placed vertically against the parent’s chest, under the shirt, providing skin-to-skin contact.
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Correct Answer:
True
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25. Infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth is called
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Correct Answer:
Low birth weight
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26. An infant who is full term but who has significantly lower weight than expected for the gestational age is called
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Correct Answer:
Small for date
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27. A birth that occurs ______ after conception is called preterm
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Correct Answer:
35 weeks
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28. A quick overall assessment of a baby’s immediate health at birth, including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration is called apgar scale
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Correct Answer:
True
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29. A quick overall assessment of a baby’s immediate health at birth, including appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration is called apgar scale
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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30. A surgical procedure that removes the fetus from the uterus through the abdomen known as
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Correct Answer:
Cesarean Section
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31. Vernix caseosa is a greasy material that protects the ______ from abrasions, chapping, and hardening that can occur from exposure to amniotic fluid
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Correct Answer:
Fetal skin
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32. A fine, down-like hair that covers the fetus’s body is called lanugo
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Correct Answer:
True
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33. A gonad in an embryo that has not yet differentiated into testes or ovaries is called indifferent gonad
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Correct Answer:
True
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34. Neural tube forms in third week after conception and will develop into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
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Correct Answer:
True
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35. Embryonic period occurs about _________ after pregnancy, in which rapid structural development takes place.
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Correct Answer:
2 to 8 weeks
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36. The principal organ of exchange between the mother and the developing organism, enabling the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes via the umbilical cord is called.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Placenta
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37. The process by which the blastocyst becomes attached to the uterine wall, completed by about ______ after fertilization is called implantation
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Correct Answer:
10 days
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38. Prenatal organism between about 2 and 8 weeks after conception; a period of major structural development is called
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Correct Answer:
Embryo
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39. Prenatal organism between about 2 and 8 weeks after conception; a period of major structural development is called
Answer
Correct Answer:
Embryo
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40. A thin-walled, fluid-filled sphere containing an inner mass of cells from which the embryo will develop; is implanted into the uterine wall during the germinal period is called
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Correct Answer:
Blastocyst
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41. Cell differentiation begins roughly _____ hours after fertilization when the organism consists of about 16 to 32 cells.
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Correct Answer:
72
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42. Cell differentiation begins roughly _____ hours after fertilization when the organism consists of about 16 to 32 cells.
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Correct Answer:
72
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43. Germinal period also referred to as the period of the zygote, refers to the first ______ weeks after conception
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Correct Answer:
Two
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44. The female reproductive _____ is called ovum
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Correct Answer:
Egg cell
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45. Epigenetic framework is a perspective stating that development results from reciprocal interactions between genetics and the environment such that the expression of genetic inheritance is influenced by environmental forces
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Correct Answer:
True
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46. An active gene–environment correlation in which individuals seek out experiences and environments that complement their genetic tendencies is called niche picking
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Correct Answer:
True
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47. Gene environment correlation is the idea that many of an individual’s traits are supported by his or her genes and environment; correlation of ______ types exists
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Correct Answer:
Three
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48. The tendency for a trait that is biologically programmed to be restricted to only a few outcomes is called canalization
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Correct Answer:
True
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49. Range of reaction is the concept that a genetic trait may be expressed in a wide range of phenotypes dependent on environmental opportunities and constraints.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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50. Gene environment interactions refer to the dynamic interplay between our genes and our environment in determining out characteristics, behavior, physical, cognitive, and social development as well as health.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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51. A measure of the extent to which variation of a certain trait can be traced to ______ is called heritability
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Correct Answer:
Genes
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52. The field of study that examines how genes and environment combine to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviors is called behavioral genetics
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Correct Answer:
True
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53. The observable physical or behavioral characteristics of a person, eye, hair color, or height is called
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Correct Answer:
Phenotype
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54. An individual’s collection of genes that contain instructions for all physical and psychological characteristics, including hair, eye color, personality, health, and behavior is called
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Correct Answer:
Genotype
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55. A sudden permanent change in the structure of ______ is called mutations
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Correct Answer:
Genes
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56. Down syndrome is also known as trisomy 21; a condition in which a third, extra chromosome appears at the ______ site. Down syndrome is associated with distinctive physical characteristics accompanied by developmental disability.
Answer
Correct Answer:
21st
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57. Fragile X syndrome is an example of a dominant–recessive disorder carried on the ______ chromosome
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Correct Answer:
X
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58. A recessive disorder that prevents the body from producing an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine (an amino acid) from proteins, that, without treatment, leads to buildup that damages the __________ is called phenylketonuria
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Correct Answer:
Central nervous system.
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59. The instance when the expression of a gene is determined by whether it is inherited from mother or father is called
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Correct Answer:
Genomic imprinting
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60. Polygenic inheritance occurs when a trait is a function of the interaction of many genes, such as with height, intelligence, and temperament
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Correct Answer:
True
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61. Polygenic inheritance occurs when a trait is a function of the interaction of many genes, such as with height, intelligence, and temperament
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Correct Answer:
True
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62. Sickle cell trait is a dominant trait, more often affecting African Americans than Caucasians or Asian Americans, that causes red blood cells to become crescent or sickle shaped, resulting in difficulty distributing oxygen throughout the circulatory system.
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Correct Answer:
True
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63. A genetic inheritance pattern in which both genes are expressed in the phenotype is called
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Correct Answer:
Incomplete dominance
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64. A form of genetic inheritance in which the phenotype reflects only the dominant allele of a heterozygous pair is called Dominant–Recessive Inheritance
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Correct Answer:
True
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65. Heterozygous refers to a chromosomal pair consisting of two different _______.
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Correct Answer:
Alleles
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66. Homozygous refers to a chromosomal pair consisting of two identical _______
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Correct Answer:
Alleles
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67. Monozygotic twins are al so known as an identical twin; occurs when the zygote splits apart early in development. The resulting offspring share 60% of their genetic material.
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Correct Answer:
True
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68. Dizygotic twins are also known as a fraternal twin; occurs when two ova are released and each is fertilized by a different sperm; the resulting offspring share 50% of the genetic material.
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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69. A fertilized ovum is called zygote
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Correct Answer:
True
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70. The process by which a gamete is formed, containing one-half of the cell’s chromosomes producing creating ova and sperm with 23 single, unpaired chromosomes is known as
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Correct Answer:
Meiosis
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71. The process of ______in which DNA is replicated and the resulting cell is genetically identical to the original is called mitosis
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Correct Answer:
Cell duplication
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72. The chemical structure, shaped like a twisted ladder, that contains all of the genes is known as
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Correct Answer:
DNA
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73. One of 46 rodlike molecules that contain 23 pairs of DNA found in every body cell and collectively contain all of the genes is called chromosomes
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Human Development (Mental And Physical) MCQs | Topic-wise
