Which cognitive perspective believes that infants learn very quickly and encounter a great amount of sensory information so there must be an evolutionary basis at work?
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Correct Answer:
Core knowledge perspective
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Cognitive–affective complexity involves the ______.
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Correct Answer:
Capacity for a person to be aware of their emotions, integrate positive and negative feelings about an issue, and regulate intense emotions to make logical decisions
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All of the following would characterize a child that has obtained object permanence EXCEPT ______.
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Anna’s was playing with her teddy bear but her mother wanted her to take a nap so she covered the teddy bear with a blanket and Anna didn’t look for it
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Reasoning that synthesizes contradictions among perspectives is called ______.
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Correct Answer:
Reflective judgment
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The gym teacher asked her fourth grade students to line up from shortest to tallest. She also asked her kindergarten class to do the same, but they were unable to. Her fourth graders had no problem completing the task. What cognitive concept did the fourth grade students demonstrate?
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Correct Answer:
Seriation
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Akari asks her mother, “How do I put this on?” while in a different room than her mother. Her mother asks her what she is trying to put on, because she cannot see what Akari is doing. Akari is demonstrating which error in reasoning typical of preschoolers?
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Correct Answer:
Egocentrism
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What contributes to the heightened self-consciousness that occurs in adolescence?
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Correct Answer:
The imaginary audience
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In which sensorimotor substage would an infant be most likely to enjoy sucking on his/her toes?
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An infant’s ability to recognize himself or herself in a mirror is dependent upon the infant’s ______.
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Correct Answer:
Ability to engage in mental representation and hold images in one’s mind
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What common error in reasoning typical of preschoolers results in children focusing on only one aspect of a problem and excluding other attributes?
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Correct Answer:
Centration
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Amanda assigned to create a world on the planet Jupiter for her high school astronomy class. She needs to study the plant’s characteristics and prepare a plan for how humans could live there. What cognitive advancement allows Amanda to accomplish this assignment?
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Correct Answer:
Her ability to engage in metacognition.
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Which of the following illustrates tertiary circular reactions?
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Correct Answer:
Brianna drops a ball and watches it bounce down the stairs.
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The cultural differences in children’s performance on tasks that measure concrete operational reasoning are a result of ______.
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Correct Answer:
Methodology and how questions are asked
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When Sarat understands that she must speak to her boss in a different manner than she speaks to her friends, she understands ______.
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Correct Answer:
Pragmatic thought
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The ways in which individuals understand how they arrived at ideas, beliefs, and conclusions is called ______.
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Correct Answer:
Epistemic cognition
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The ways in which individuals understand how they arrived at ideas, beliefs, and conclusions is called ______.
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Correct Answer:
Epistemic cognition
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A form of mature thinking that involves emotional awareness, the ability to integrate and regulate intense emotions is called
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Correct Answer:
Cognitive affective Complexity
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In Labouvie-Vief’s theory, a type of thinking where logic is used as a tool to address everyday problems and contradictions are viewed as part of life is ____ thought
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Correct Answer:
Pragmatic
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Mature type of reasoning that synthesizes contradictions among perspectives is reflective judgment
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Correct Answer:
True
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Relativistic thinking is type of reasoning in which knowledge is viewed as subjective and dependent on the situation.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Polar reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as absolute facts, either right or wrong with no in-between is dualistic thinking
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Correct Answer:
True
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A stage of cognitive development proposed to follow Piaget’s formal operational stage. Thinking and problem solving is restructured in adulthood to integrate abstract reasoning with practical considerations is postformal reasoning
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Correct Answer:
True
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The ways in which an individual understands how he or she arrived at ideas, beliefs, and conclusions is epistemic cognition
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Correct Answer:
True
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Vygotsky’s term for the tasks that ____ cannot do alone but can exercise with the aid of more skilled partners is zone of proximal development
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Correct Answer:
Children
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Vygotsky’s term for the tasks that ____ cannot do alone but can exercise with the aid of more skilled partners is zone of proximal development
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Correct Answer:
Children
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Temporary support that permits a child to bridge the gap between his or her current competence level and the task at hand is called
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Correct Answer:
Scaffolding
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Guided participation is the process by which people learn from others who guide them, providing a scaffold to help them accomplish more than the child could do alone.
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Correct Answer:
True
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A manifestation of adolescent egocentrism in which adolescents believe their thoughts, feelings, and experiences is called
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Correct Answer:
Personal fable
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A manifestation of adolescent egocentrism in which they assume that they are the focus of others’ attention is imaginary audience
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Correct Answer:
True
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A characteristic of adolescents thinking in which adolescents show preoccupation with themselves and have difficulty separating others' perspectives from their own is adolescent egocentrism
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Correct Answer:
True
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The ability to consider propositions, probabilities, generate and systematically test hypotheses, and draw conclusions is hypothetical deductive reasoning
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Correct Answer:
True
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Piaget’s ____ stage of cognitive development, characterized by abstract, logical, and systematic thinking is formal operational reasoning
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Correct Answer:
Fourth
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A classification skill in which a child can infer the relationship between two objects by understanding each object’s relationship to a third object is transitive inference
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Correct Answer:
True
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A type of classification that involves ordering objects in a series according to a physical dimension such as height, weight, or color is called
Answer
Correct Answer:
Seriation
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The ability to organize things into groups based on similar characteristics is called
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Correct Answer:
Classification
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The understanding that an object that has been physically altered can be returned to its original state or a process can be done and undone is called
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Correct Answer:
Reversibility
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The understanding that certain characteristics of an object do not change despite superficial changes in the object’s appearance is ____ identity
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Correct Answer:
Object
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Piaget’s third stage of reasoning, from about 6 to 11, in which thought becomes logical and is applied to direct tangible experiences but not to abstract problems is concrete operational stage of reasoning
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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The principle that a physical quantity, such as number, mass, or volume, remains the same even when its appearance changes is ____
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Correct Answer:
Conservation
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A characteristic of preoperational thought in which a child does not understand that an action can be reversed and a thing restored to its original state is called
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Correct Answer:
Irreversible
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The ability to distinguish between what something appears to be from what it really is appearance reality distinction
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Correct Answer:
True
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The tendency to focus on one part of a stimulus, situation, or idea and exclude all others; a characteristic of preoperational thought is called
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Correct Answer:
Centration
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The belief that inanimate objects are alive and have feelings and intentions is called
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Correct Answer:
Animism
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A classic Piagetian task used to illustrate preoperational children’s egocentrism is ___ mountains task
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Correct Answer:
Three
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Piaget’s term for children’s inability to take another person’s point of view or perspective and to assume that others share the same feelings is ecocentrism
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Correct Answer:
True
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Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development, between about age ____ characterized by advances in symbolic thought, but thought is not yet logical is preoperational reasoning
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Correct Answer:
2-6
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A framework explaining that infants are born with several innate knowledge systems or core domains of thought that enable early rapid learning and adaptation is core knowledge perceptive
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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Imitating the behavior of an absent model is ____ limitation
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Correct Answer:
Deferred
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Violation of expectation task is a method in which infants are shown events that appear to violate physical laws.
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Correct Answer:
True
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In Piaget’s theory, repeating an action to explore and experiment in order to see the results and learn about the world is ___ circular reaction
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Correct Answer:
Tertiary
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____ performance is the understanding that objects continue to exist outside of sight
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Correct Answer:
Object
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In Piaget’s theory, repeating an action that produced a chance event that triggers a response in the external environment is secondary circular reaction
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Correct Answer:
True
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In Piaget’s theory, the repetition of an action that produced a chance event involving the infant’s body is primary circulation reaction
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Correct Answer:
True
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In Piaget’s theory, the repetition of an action and its response in which infants try to repeat a newly discovered event caused by their own motor activity is circular reaction
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Correct Answer:
True
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An internal depiction of an object; thinking of an object using mental pictures is mental representation
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Correct Answer:
True
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In Piaget’s theory, the process by which schemas are modified or created to include new experiences is known as
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Correct Answer:
Accommodation
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In Piaget’s theory, the process by which new experiences are interpreted and integrated into preexisting schemas is known as
Answer
Correct Answer:
Assimilation
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A mental representation, such as concepts, ideas, and ways of interacting with the world is known as
Answer
Correct Answer:
Schema
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More Human Development (Mental And Physical) Subjects
