Cognitive-Developmental Information Processing Approach MCQ
Taylor is learning her home address. After her father tells her the address, Taylor repeats out loud several times. What memory strategy is Taylor employing?
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Correct Answer:
Rehearsal
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Child A is presented with a crayon box. The child opens the box to find pieces of candy inside. When child B is presented with the same box, child A assumes that child B already knows the true contents of the crayon box. Child A is exhibiting trouble with which of the following?
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Correct Answer:
A false-belief task
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Under what circumstances are infants most likely to remember events?
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Correct Answer:
When in a familiar context
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When presented with a difficult decision, who is more likely to mention the risks and benefits of each option?
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Correct Answer:
A 19-year-old woman
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Elliot returns from vacation and tells her preschool teacher that she met Mickey Mouse. What type of memory is Elliot demonstrating?
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Correct Answer:
Episodic memory
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Which of the following terms describes not responding to a certain stimulus due to the inappropriateness of the situation?
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Correct Answer:
Response inhibition
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______ permits a more sophisticated approach to problem-solving as it is strategic and intuitive.
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Correct Answer:
Expert knowledge
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Six-year-old Jorge is asked to categorize building blocks by color, which he does successfully. He is then asked to categorize the same blocks by size, but now struggles to complete the task. Jorge is struggling with ______.
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Correct Answer:
Selective attention
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Four-year-old Marlow describes the mind as a “box filled with things,” whereas 10-year-old Henry describes the mind as “what you use to think about information and remember events.” Henry has developed which of the following?
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Correct Answer:
Metacognition
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Jacob has a vocabulary test in his earth science class. He remembers that he did well on a vocabulary test for his social studies class when he made flashcards, so he decides to use the same strategy to study for his earth science test. In this example, Jacob is using ______.
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Correct Answer:
Metamemory
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What aspect of cognitive development becomes more difficult over the adult years?
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Correct Answer:
The ability to resist interference from irrelevant information to stay focused on the task at hand
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How is theory of mind assessed in children?
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Correct Answer:
Researchers examine children’s abilities to understand that people can hold different beliefs about an object or event.
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How do sensory impairments affect working memory?
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Correct Answer:
Sensory impairments mean that information is taken in more slowly, some information is never attended to, and never makes it to working memory.
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Which of the following techniques is the best strategy for a researcher to study an older infant’s ability to categorize?
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Correct Answer:
Presenting infants with a collection of objects from two categories and record their patterns of touching
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In the information processing system viewpoint, the ______ regulates cognitive activities such as attention, action, and problem-solving.
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Correct Answer:
Central executive
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___ is characterized by emotional maturity and the ability to show insight and apply it to problems.
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Correct Answer:
Wisdom
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An approach by which people maintain high levels of functioning by narrowing their goals, selecting personally valued attributes to optimize, and compensating for losses is selecting optimization with compensation
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Correct Answer:
True
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An approach by which people maintain high levels of functioning by narrowing their goals, selecting personally valued attributes to optimize, and compensating for losses is selecting optimization with compensation
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Correct Answer:
True
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A phenomenon that occurs when information that has previously been remembered interferes with memory for new information is proactive interference
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Correct Answer:
True
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____ is an elaborate and integrated knowledge base that underlies extraordinary proficiency in a given area.
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Correct Answer:
Expertize
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____ is an elaborate and integrated knowledge base that underlies extraordinary proficiency in a given area.
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Correct Answer:
Expertize
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An aspect of metacognition that refers to the understanding of memory and how to use strategies to enhance memory is called
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Correct Answer:
Metamemory
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False belief task that requires children to understand that someone does not share their knowledge.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Metacognition is the ability to think about thinking; knowledge of how the mind works.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Children’s awareness of their own and other people’s mental processes and realization that other people do not share their thoughts is theory of mind
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Correct Answer:
True
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Infantile amnesia is phenomenon in which most children and adults are unable to recall events that happened before age ___
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Correct Answer:
3
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The recollection of a personal event that occurred at a specific time and place in one’s past is known as
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Correct Answer:
Autobiographical memory
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Scripts is description of what occurs in a certain situation and used as a guide to understand and organize daily experiences.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Remembering a stimulus that is not present is called
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Correct Answer:
Recall memory
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The ability to identify a previously encountered stimulus is called
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Correct Answer:
Recognition memory
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Memory for everyday experiences is called
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Correct Answer:
Episodic memory
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Deliberate cognitive activities that make an individual more likely to remember information is memory ____
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Correct Answer:
Strategies
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Selective attention is the ability to focus on relevant stimuli and ignore others.
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Correct Answer:
True
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An adaptive mental process in which objects are grouped into conceptual categories is called categorization
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Correct Answer:
True
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The set of cognitive operations that support planning, decision-making, and goal setting abilities is executive function
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Correct Answer:
True
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The component of the information processing system that is an unlimited store that holds information indefinitely is called
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Correct Answer:
Long term memory
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In information processing, the part of our mental system that directs the flow of information and regulates cognitive activities is central executive
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Correct Answer:
True
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The component of the information processing system that holds and processes information that is being manipulated, encoded, or retrieved is called
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Correct Answer:
Working memory
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The ability to direct one’s awareness is called
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Correct Answer:
Attention
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The first step in the information processing system in which stimuli are stored for a brief moment in its original form to enable it to be processed is called
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Correct Answer:
Sensory memory
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