1. _____ is defined as procedures used by social scientists consulting with lawyers in efforts to help lawyers select jurors who are most sympathetic to their side. May involve community attitude surveys or other methods to “predict” the ultimate decision of members of the jury pool.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scientific jury selection (SJS)
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2. _____ is the enterprise in which clinicians offer probabilities that a given individual will engage in violent or otherwise antisocial behavior based on known factors relating to the individual.
Answer
Correct Answer:
risk assessment
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3. Is presentence investigation (PSI) social history, typically prepared by probation officers, that includes information about the offender’s family background, employment history, level of education, substance abuse, criminal history, medical needs, and mental health history. Used by courts for sentencing purposes?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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4. _____ is known as a rule that allows a lawyer to request the removal of a prospective juror without giving a reason.
Answer
Correct Answer:
peremptory challenge
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5. _____ is defined as refers to authority of lower courts that can only settle small disputes or deal with preliminary issues in a major case.
Answer
Correct Answer:
limited jurisdiction
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6. _____ is a court appearance if an arrested individual is being held in jail rather than released or cited to appear in court at a later date. Its purpose is to review the need for continuing detention. However, it also may apply to the first proceeding before a judge, whether or not the individual was detained.
Answer
Correct Answer:
initial appearance
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7. Is grand jury a body of citizens (usually 23 in number) that is directed by the prosecutor to weigh evidence and decide whether there is enough to charge a person with a criminal offense?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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8. _____ is known as court authority over a specified geographical area of the country or state.
Answer
Correct Answer:
geographical jurisdiction
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9. _____ is defined as refers to courts with broad authority over a vast array of both simple and complex cases, both civil and criminal.
Answer
Correct Answer:
general jurisdiction
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10. _____ is standard for admitting scientific evidence into court proceedings that allows it if it is generally accepted as valid in the scientific community. This was the essence of the Frye standard that dominated in courts until the late 20th century.
Answer
Correct Answer:
general acceptance rule
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11. Is dynamic risk factors aspects of a person’s developmental history that change over time, such as attitudes, opinions, and knowledge?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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12. _____ is known as requirement from the Tarasoff case that clinicians must take steps to warn or to protect possible victims of serious bodily harm as a result of threats made by the clinicians’ clients.
Answer
Correct Answer:
duty to warn or protect
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13. _____ is defined as refers to the fact that federal and state courts in the United States exist side by side, independent of one another, sometimes in the same geographical location.
Answer
Correct Answer:
dual-court system
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14. _____ is the resolution of a legal matter. In criminal law, an example would be the sentence a defendant receives. In civil law, the disposition of a case may be a judgment in favor of the plaintiff. In juvenile law, a disposition is the equivalent of a criminal sentence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
disposition
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15. Is discovery process the pretrial procedure by which one party in a civil or criminal case discloses to the other party information vital for his or her defense?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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16. _____ is known as proceedings during which potential witnesses are questioned by attorneys for the opposing side, under oath and in the presence of a court recorder, although typically away from the courtroom.
Answer
Correct Answer:
deposition
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17. _____ is defined as guide to help determine whether expert scientific testimony meets criteria established by the U.S. Supreme Court for reliability and relevance.
Answer
Correct Answer:
daubert standard
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18. _____ is exercised by an attorney or judge whenever it can be demonstrated that a would-be juror does not satisfy the statutory or other requirements for jury duty.
Answer
Correct Answer:
challenge for cause
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19. Is bench trial/court trial a civil or criminal trial in which the judge, rather than a jury, is the finder of fact, responsible for reviewing the evidence and rendering a verdict?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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20. _____ is known as court proceeding during which criminal defendants are formally charged with an offense, informed of their rights, and asked to enter a plea.
Answer
Correct Answer:
arraignment
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21. _____ is defined as a court’s authority to hear appeals from decisions of lower courts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
appellate jurisdiction
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22. _____ is documents submitted to appellate courts by outside parties to call attention to some matter that might otherwise escape the courts’ attention.
Answer
Correct Answer:
amicus curiae briefs
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23. Is acute dynamic factors psychological characteristics that change rapidly (within days, hours, or even minutes) and include such things as mood swings, emotional arousal, and alcohol or other drug-induced effects?
Answer
Correct Answer:
True
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24. Most forensic psychologists prefer the term prediction of dangerousness rather than risk assessment.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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25. Statistics used to identify certain facts about a person’s background and behavior that are related to a behavior being predicted are called ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Actuarial data
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26. An expert who provides an opinion about whether or not a defendant is competent to be executed is addressing ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
The ultimate issue
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27. The Tarasoff requirement pertains to a defendant’s competency to stand trial.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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28. When the court asks a psychologist to evaluate a defendant, the results are shared with the judge only.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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29. Which case opened the door for psychologists to qualify as expert witnesses?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Jenkins v. United States
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30. Research with mock juries suggests that jurors’ response to expert testimony is best described as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Guarded
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31. The application of social science techniques in an effort to find a jury that will be favorably disposed toward one’s case is known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Scientific jury selection
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32. Witness education, attorney education, and modification of testimony delivery are components of ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Witness preparation
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33. The majority of trial consultants are political scientists.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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34. Appellate courts must rule in accordance with scientific evidence.
Answer
Correct Answer:
False
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35. Which of the following is a feature of amicus curiae briefs?
Answer
Correct Answer:
They are filed by parties who have a stake in the outcome of a trial.
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36. An attorney who strikes a potential juror because the individual had a past relationship with the defendant is exercising ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Peremptory challenge
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37. A court’s authority to hear appeals regarding decisions of lower courts is known as ______.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Appellate jurisdiction
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38. Family, mental health, and veterans’ are all examples of ______ courts.
Answer
Correct Answer:
Specialized
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